氮肥运筹对南方优质常规晚粳产量和品质的影响
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摘要
为探明南方双季稻区优质常规粳稻金农香粳1267的适宜氮肥运筹模式,设置6个施氮水平(CK,0;N1,165 kg/hm~2;N_2,210 kg/hm~2;N_3,255 kg/hm~2;N_4,300 kg/hm~2;N_5,345 kg/hm~2),并在N_3水平下设置3个氮肥运筹方式(NT_1,基蘖穗肥比例为4∶2∶4,穗肥于倒3叶施用;NT_2,基蘖穗肥比例为4∶2∶4,穗肥于倒4叶、倒2叶分2次等量施用;NT_3,基蘖穗粒肥比例为4∶2∶2∶2,穗肥于倒3叶施用),研究不同氮肥运筹模式对南方优质常规晚粳稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明,随施氮量的增加,产量呈先增后降的趋势,与N_3处理相比,CK、N_1、N_2、N_4和N_5处理产量分别降低37.1%、8.2%、5.7%、4.9%和10.0%,晚粳稻产量增加的主要原因是每穗粒数和千粒重的提高;在N_3水平下,NT_3处理产量最高,主要是由于每穗粒数的提高。随着施氮量的增加,晚粳稻的加工品质、外观品质、蒸煮与食味品质和营养品质得到改善;在N_3水平下,出糙率、精米率、整精米率、垩白粒率、垩白度和胶稠度均表现为NT_1>NT_2> NT_3,而直链淀粉含量和粗蛋白含量则反之。随施氮量的增加,RVA谱特征值中峰值粘度、热浆粘度、冷胶粘度、崩解值和峰值时间均降低,而消减值、回复值和糊化温度呈增加的趋势;在N_3水平下,峰值粘度、热浆粘度、冷胶粘度、崩解值和峰值时间均表现为NT_1 In order to explore the suitable nitrogen-fertilization model for the high quality conventional late japonica rice Jinnongxianggeng 1267 in southern China, the 6 N levels included CK(0), N_1(165 kg/hm~2), N_2(210 kg/hm~2), N_3(255 kg/hm~2), N_4(300 kg/hm2)and N_5(345 kg/hm2), 3 N application ratios were applied on different growth stages: NT_1: 40% basal, 20% 7 d after transplanting(7DAT)and 40% panicle N-fertilizer; NT_2: 40% basal, 20% 7DAT, 40% panicle N-fertilizer at the 4th and 2nd leaves emerged from the top; NT_3: 40% basal, 20% 7DAT, 20% panicle N-fertilizer and 20% grain N-fertilizer, to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilization models on yield and quality of high quality conventional late japonica rice. The results showed that, with the increase of nitrogen application rate, the yield was increased first and then decreased. Compared with N_3 treatment, the grain yields of CK, N_1, N_2,N_4 and N_5treatment were decreased by 37.1%, 8.2%, 5.7%, 4.9% and 10.0% respectively, the main reason for the increase of yield is the increase of the grains per spike and the thousand grain weight. At the N_3 level, the yield of NT_3 treatment was the highest, the main reason for the increase of yield is the increase of the grains per spike. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the processing quality, appearance quality, cooking and eating quality and nutritional quality were improved; at the N_3 level, the brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate, chalky rice rate, chalkiness degree and gel consistency all showed NT_1>NT_2> NT_3, the amylose content and crude protein content were opposite. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the peak viscosity, thermal slurry viscosity, cold glue viscosity, disintegration value and peak time of RVA spectral eigenvalues were decreased, while the reduction value,recovery value and gelatinization temperature were increased; at the N_3 level, the peak viscosity, slurry viscosity, cold adhesive viscosity, disintegration value and peak time all showed NT_1
引文
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[23]陈梦云,李晓峰,程金秋,等.秸秆全量还田与氮肥运筹对机插优质食味水稻产量及品质的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(12):1802-1 816.
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[25]李敏,张洪程,李国业,等.生育类型与施氮水平对粳稻淀粉RVA谱特性的影响[J].作物学报,2012,38(2):293-300.
[26]万靓军,霍中洋,龚振恺,等.氮肥运筹对杂交稻主要品质性状及淀粉RVA谱特征的影响[J].作物学报,2006,32(10):1 491-1 497.
[2]肖丽萍,何秀文,刘木华,等.我国南方双季稻区水稻生产机械化发展现状分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2013,35(4):682-686.
[3]殷春渊,魏海燕,张庆,等.不同氮肥水平下中熟籼稻和粳稻产量、氮素吸收利用差异及相互关系[J].作物学报,2009,35(2):348-355.
[4]陶进,钱希旸,剧成欣,等.不同年代中籼水稻品种的米质及其对氮肥的响应[J].作物学报,2016,42(9):1 352-1 362.
[5]乔中英,陈培峰,顾俊荣,等.氮肥运筹与栽插密度对籼粳杂交稻甬优1538产量形成和米质的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(9):2 068-2 073.
[6]谢以泽,张银华,叶信祥,等.密度与氮肥水平对早籼稻中嘉早17生长及产量的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2011(1):80-82.
[7]张洪程,张军,龚金龙,等.“籼改粳”的生产优势及其形成机理[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(4):686-704.
[8]李刚.稻米淀粉RVA谱特征与品质性状的相关性[J].中国水稻科学,2009,23(1):99-102.
[9]洪春来,魏幼璋,黄锦法,等.秸秆全量直接还田对土壤肥力及农田生态环境的影响研究[J].浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2003,29(6):40-46.
[10]李洪顺.氮素运筹对超级杂交水稻氮吸收利用与产量的影响[D].长沙:中南大学,2010.
[11]万靓军,张洪程,霍中洋,等.氮肥运筹对超级杂交粳稻产量、品质及氮素利用率的影响[J].作物学报,2007,33(2):175-182.
[12]张玉,王依明,顾春军,等.氮肥运筹对杂交粳稻浦优22产量的影响[J].现代农业科技,2017,16(15):10-13.
[13]钱银飞,张洪程,李杰,等.施氮量对机插杂交粳稻徐优403产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(3):522-528.
[14]皮楚舒,程建平,赵锋,等.氮肥运筹对机插双季晚粳稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(8):1 474-1 476.
[15]马波.氮肥运筹对寒地香稻绥粳4号产量及叶面积指数的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2017,17(2):48-50.
[16]崔月峰,孙国才,卢铁钢,等.氮肥运筹对超级稻铁粳7号产量形成及品质的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(8):1 760-1 763.
[17]封晋.影响优质水稻米质的环境条件及高产栽培技术[J].湖南农业科学,1991,2(3):4-6.
[18]潘圣刚,翟晶,曹凑贵,等.氮肥运筹对水稻养分吸收特性及稻米品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(3):522-527.
[19]胡群,夏敏,张洪程,等.氮肥运筹对钵苗机插优质食味水稻产量及品质的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(3):420-431.
[20]徐大勇,金军,杜永,等.氮磷钾肥运筹对水稻子粒蛋白质和氨基酸含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(4):506-508.
[21]张四海.氮肥运筹对双季晚稻产量和品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2008,15(3):28-31.
[22]从夕汉,施伏芝,阮新民,等.氮肥水平对不同基因型水稻氮素利用率、产量和品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(4):1 219-1 226.
[23]陈梦云,李晓峰,程金秋,等.秸秆全量还田与氮肥运筹对机插优质食味水稻产量及品质的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(12):1802-1 816.
[24]胡培松,翟虎渠,唐绍清,等.利用RVA快速鉴定稻米蒸煮及食味品质的研究[J].作物学报,2004,30(6):519-524.
[25]李敏,张洪程,李国业,等.生育类型与施氮水平对粳稻淀粉RVA谱特性的影响[J].作物学报,2012,38(2):293-300.
[26]万靓军,霍中洋,龚振恺,等.氮肥运筹对杂交稻主要品质性状及淀粉RVA谱特征的影响[J].作物学报,2006,32(10):1 491-1 497.