北海南部Lunden湾全新世沉积环境演变
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摘要
北海(North Sea)被现在的大不列颠岛、斯堪的纳维亚半岛、日德兰半岛和荷比低地等围绕,主体是一个自南向北倾斜加深的陆架沉积盆地。随冰后期海面上升,北海南部瓦登海(Wadden Sea)发育了广阔的潮滩海岸。北海南部日德兰半岛西岸Lunden湾古潟湖进行野外调查,利用重力取样器自埋深53 cm始获取了719 cm长的无扰动高取芯率沉积柱LN,并对上部53 cm进行现场观测与分层取样。对沉积柱沉积物结构构造、粒度和烧失量的测试,及沉积物粒度数据的EMMA进行分析。研究表明:这一地区主要保留了河流沉积(EM1)、潮流沉积(EM2)与波浪/风暴沉积(EM3)。早期,波浪/风暴作用为主(EM3)。继而,潮流动力主控(EM2)。随之,河流影响(EM1)不断加强,海洋作用逐渐减弱,乃至消失。与沉积构造和烧失量数据结合,EM3有效揭示了多段风暴沉积物。依据AMS14C测年结果,结合研究区海面变化背景,指示了6050 cal.a BP以来Lunden湾在河—海相互作用下,先后经历了海湾、水下沙坝—潟湖、半封闭沙坝—潟湖和封闭沙坝—潟湖的海退型沙坝—潟湖海岸演化过程,最终在5150cal.a BP发育为滨海湿地。
The Lunden Bay, an ancient lagoon, is located near the western coast of the Jutland Peninsula along the Southern North Sea. A non-disturbance core LN in the length of 719 cm was obtained with the gravity core sampler. The upper part buried less than 53 cm was observed and 7 sediment samples were taken in the field. Based on the core analyses on sedimentary structure, grain size, loss on ignition(LOI) and EMMA, it is clear that the core is mainly composed of fluvial deposits(EM1), tidal deposits(EM2) and wave deposits/storm deposits(EM3). The main dynamic processes changed from wave/storm dominated in the early period to tide dominated afterwards. When the river influence became stronger gradually, the effect of marine processes got weaker, and disappeared finally. Combined with sedimentary structure and LOI data, EM3 revealed several storm deposit layers effectively. With the time scale determined by AMS14 C dates and the background of the regional eustatic sea level change,it could be reconstructed for the evolution processes of the coast along the Lunden Bay since6050 cal. a BP. Controlled by the river-sea interactions, the embayment coast, submarine sand bar-lagoon, semi-enclosed barrier-lagoon and enclosed barrier-lagoon have been formed in the Lunden Bay successively, which showed the typical processes for the changes of the regressive barrier-lagoon coast. Finally, the ancient lagoon was filled and developed into coastal wetland in 5150 cal. a BP.
The Lunden Bay, an ancient lagoon, is located near the western coast of the Jutland Peninsula along the Southern North Sea. A non-disturbance core LN in the length of 719 cm was obtained with the gravity core sampler. The upper part buried less than 53 cm was observed and 7 sediment samples were taken in the field. Based on the core analyses on sedimentary structure, grain size, loss on ignition(LOI) and EMMA, it is clear that the core is mainly composed of fluvial deposits(EM1), tidal deposits(EM2) and wave deposits/storm deposits(EM3). The main dynamic processes changed from wave/storm dominated in the early period to tide dominated afterwards. When the river influence became stronger gradually, the effect of marine processes got weaker, and disappeared finally. Combined with sedimentary structure and LOI data, EM3 revealed several storm deposit layers effectively. With the time scale determined by AMS14 C dates and the background of the regional eustatic sea level change,it could be reconstructed for the evolution processes of the coast along the Lunden Bay since6050 cal. a BP. Controlled by the river-sea interactions, the embayment coast, submarine sand bar-lagoon, semi-enclosed barrier-lagoon and enclosed barrier-lagoon have been formed in the Lunden Bay successively, which showed the typical processes for the changes of the regressive barrier-lagoon coast. Finally, the ancient lagoon was filled and developed into coastal wetland in 5150 cal. a BP.
引文
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[12]李春初,罗宪林,张镇元,等.粤西水东沙坝潟湖海岸体系的形成演化.科学通报,1986,31(20):1579-1582.[Li Chunchu,Luo Xianlin,Zhang Zhenyuan et al.On the formation and evolution of Shuidong barrier-lagoon system of Guangdong.Chinese Science Bulletin,1986,31(20):1579-1582.]
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[14]杨冰洁,余凤玲,郑卓,等.南澳岛青澳湾沉积物粒度与烧失量指示的全新世沉积环境变化.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2015,35(6):41-51.[Yang Bingjie,Yu Fengling,Zheng Zhuo,et al.Changes in Holocene depositional environment of Qin'ao embayment on Nan'ao island inferred from sediment grain-size and loss-on-ignition.Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2015,35(6):41-51.]
[15]薛允传,贾建军,高抒.山东月湖的沉积物分布特征及搬运趋势.地理研究,2002,21(6):707-714.[Xue Yunchuan,Jia Jianjun,Gao Shu.Sediment distribution and transport patterns in the Lagoon Yuehu at the eastern tip of Shandong Peninsula,China.Geogaphical Research,2002,21(6):707-714.]
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[19]Molen J V D,Swart H E D.Holocene wave conditions and wave-induced sand transport in the southern North Sea.Continental Shelf Research,2001,21(16-17):9339-9362.
[20]程鹏,高抒,李徐生.激光粒度仪测试结果及其与沉降法、筛析法的比较(一).沉积学报,2001,19(3):449-455.[Cheng Peng,Gao Shu,Li Xusheng.Evaluation of a wide rang laser particle size analyses and comparison with Pipette and Sieving methods.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2001,19(3):449-455.]
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[22]刘子亭,余俊清,张保华,等.烧失量分析在湖泊沉积与环境变化研究中的应用.盐湖研究,2006,14(2):67-72.[Liu Ziting,Yu Junqing,Zhang Baohua,et al.Application of loss on ignition to the study of lake sediments and environmental changes.Salt Lake Research,2006,14(2):67-72.]
[23]Weltje G J,Weltje G J.End-member modeling of compositional data:Numerical-statistical algorithms for solving the explicit mixing problem.Mathematical Geosciences,1997,29(4):503-549.
[24]Sun D,Bloemendal J,Rea D K,et al.Grain-size distribution function of polymodal sediments in hydraulic and aeolian environments,and numerical partitioning of the sedimentary components.Sedimentary Geology,2002,152(3-4):263-277.
[25]Reimer P J.Extended14C Data Base and Revised CALIB 3.014C Age Calibration Program.Radiocarbon,1993,35(1):215-230.
[26]Pache T,Brockamp O,Clauer N.Varied pathways of river-borne clay minerals in a near-shore marine region:A case study of sediments from the Elbe-and Weser rivers,and the SE North Sea.Estuarine Coastal&Shelf Science,2008,78(3):563-575.
[27]Bednarczyk K,Schaller D,Vierfuss U.The Eider estuary.Die Küste:Archiv für Forschung und Technik an der Nordund Ostsee,2008,74(1):307.
[28]王嵘,张永战,夏非,等.南黄海辐射沙脊群海域底质粒度特征及其输运趋势.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2012,32(6):1-8.[Wang Rong,Zhang Yongzhan,Xia Fie,et al.Grain size distribution and transportation trends of bottom sediments in the sand ridge field of the south Yellow Sea,China.Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2012,32(6):1-8.]
[29]李国胜,李柏良,王凯.大河三角洲河口海岸演化机理模型研究:模式理论与进展.地理研究,2003,22(1):21-29.[Li Guosheng,Li Boliang,Wang Kai.Researches on dynamic model and numerical simulation of the large-scale estuarine shoreline evolution:(I)Model theory and progress.Geographical Research,2003,22(1):21-29.]
[30]周亮,高抒,杨阳,等.海南岛东南部海湾350年古风暴事件沉积与历史文献记录对比.海洋学报,2015,37(9):84-94.[Zhou Liang,Gao Shu,Yang Yang,et al.Comparison of paleostorm events between sedimentary and historical archives:A 350 years record from southeastern Hainan Island coastal embayments.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2015,37(9):84-94.]
[31]黄光庆.香港全新世沉积物中的风暴潮记录.地理学报,1998,53(3):26-37.[Huang Guangqing.Storm signatures in Holoence sediments of Hong Kong.Acta Geographica Sinica,1998,53(3):26-37.]
[32]许世远.长江三角洲地区风暴沉积研究.北京:科学出版社,1997.[Xu Shiyuan.Storm Deposits in the Yangtze River Delta.Beijng:Science Press,1997.]
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