双馈风电场外送系统的中频振荡机理及其影响因素分析
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摘要
电力电子设备引起的新型次/超同步振荡问题受到广泛关注,但对高于100Hz的中高频振荡问题研究较少。有鉴于此,研究了含静止无功发生器和并联电容器的双馈风电场外送系统可能发生的中频(200～500 Hz)振荡,揭示了其机理并初步分析了其影响因素。具体而言,首先介绍了基于DIgSILENT的含静止无功发生器和并联电容器的双馈风电场外送系统,以及其产生的400Hz左右的振荡现象。其次建立了上述系统的阻抗分析模型,绘制了上述参数下系统阻抗的频率特性曲线,基于阻抗分析法揭示了该系统中频振荡的机理,并辅以奈奎斯特稳定判据进行论证。最后仿真分析了不同参数对该振荡的影响,进而确定了主导影响参数。
Recently, the oscillations caused by all kinds of electric and electronic equipment are widely concerned. However, there are few researches focusing on medium and high frequency oscillations over 100 Hz. This paper focuses on possible medium frequency(200-500 Hz) oscillation occurring in the sending power system connected with doubly fed induction generator(DFIG) system equipped with static var generator(SVG) and shunt capacitor(SC), exploring its mechanism and determining the main influencing factors. Firstly, the concerned system in DIgSILENT software engaging the medium frequency oscillation is presented. Secondly, an impedance model of the concerned system is established and then the frequency characteristics of the system impedance under above parameters are analyzed. Thus, the mechanism of the medium frequency oscillation is revealed. Meanwhile, Nyquist curve of the system are plotted and analyzed, verifying above result. Finally, the influencing factors of the oscillation are analyzed preliminarily with simulations, and the major influencing factors are determined.
Recently, the oscillations caused by all kinds of electric and electronic equipment are widely concerned. However, there are few researches focusing on medium and high frequency oscillations over 100 Hz. This paper focuses on possible medium frequency(200-500 Hz) oscillation occurring in the sending power system connected with doubly fed induction generator(DFIG) system equipped with static var generator(SVG) and shunt capacitor(SC), exploring its mechanism and determining the main influencing factors. Firstly, the concerned system in DIgSILENT software engaging the medium frequency oscillation is presented. Secondly, an impedance model of the concerned system is established and then the frequency characteristics of the system impedance under above parameters are analyzed. Thus, the mechanism of the medium frequency oscillation is revealed. Meanwhile, Nyquist curve of the system are plotted and analyzed, verifying above result. Finally, the influencing factors of the oscillation are analyzed preliminarily with simulations, and the major influencing factors are determined.
引文
[1]谢小荣,刘华坤,贺静波,等.电力系统新型振荡问题浅析[J].电机工程学报,2018,38(10):2821-2828,3133.Xie Xiaorong,Liu Huakun,He Jingbo,et al.On new oscillation issues of power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(10):2821-2828,3133(in Chinese).
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[6]Fan L,Miao Z.Nyquist-stability-criterion-based SSR explanation for type-3 wind generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2012,27(3):807-809.
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[10]廖坤玉,陶顺,姚黎婷,等.RSC扰动分量与转差频率耦合引起的DFIG定子间谐波电流解析模型[J].电网技术,2017,41(4):1076-1083.Liao Kunyu,Tao Shun,Yao Liting,et al.Analytical model for DFIGstator interharmonic current induced by coupling of RSC disturbance components and slip frequency[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(4):1076-1083(in Chinese).
[11]薛安成,吴雨,王子哲,等.次同步扰动下的双馈风机系统多频率响应分析[J].电网技术,2018,42(6):1804-1810.Xue Ancheng,Wu Yu,Wang Zizhe,et al.Analysis of frequency response of DFIG system under the subsynchronous disturbance[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(6):1804-1810(in Chinese).
[12]Hua Kunliu,Xiaorong Xie,Jingbo He,et al.Subsynchronous interaction between direct-drive PMSG based wind farms and weak AC networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2017,32(6):4708-4720.
[13]谢小荣,刘华坤,贺静波,等.直驱风机风电场与交流电网相互作用引发次同步振荡的机理与特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(9):2366-2372.Xie Xiaorong,Liu Huakun,He Jingbo,et al.Analysis on mechanism and characteristic of subsynchronous oscillation caused by the interaction between full-converter wind turbine and AC systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(9):2366-2372(in Chinese).
[14]宋瑞华,郭剑波,李柏青,等.基于输入导纳的直驱风电次同步振荡机理与特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(16):4662-4670,4891.Song Ruihua,Guo Jianbo,Li Baiqing,et al.Analysis on mechanism and characteristics of subsynchronous oscillation in direct-drive wind power generation system based on input-admittance[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(16):4662-4670,4891(in Chinese).
[15]吴汪平,楚皓翔,解大,等.PI控制器参数对并网永磁直驱型风力发电系统机网相互作用的影响[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(10):21-28.Wu Wangping,Chu Haoxiang,Xie Da,et al.Influence of parameters of PI controllers on machine-network interaction of grid-connected PMSG system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(10):21-28(in Chinese).
[16]李景一,毕天姝,于钊,等.直驱风机变流控制系统对次同步频率分量的响应机理研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(6):1734-1740.Li Jingyi,Bi Tianshu,Yu Zhao,et al.Study on response characteristics of grid converter control system of PMSG to subsynchronous frequency component[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(6):1734-1740(in Chinese).
[17]吕敬,蔡旭,张占奎,等.海上风电场经MMC-HVDC并网的阻抗建模及稳定性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(14):3771-3780.LüJing,Cai Xu,Zhang Zhankui,et al.Impedance modeling and stability analysis of MMC-based HCDC for offshore wind farms[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(14):3771-3780(in Chinese).
[18]戴金水,吕敬,朱淼.大型海上风电场经VSC-HVDC并网的次同步振荡阻尼特性分析[J].电气应用,2016,35(8):51-56.Dai Jinshui,LüJing,Zhu Miao.Analysis of subsynchronous oscillation damping characteristics of MMC-based HVDC for large offshore wind farms[J].Electrotechnical Application,2016,35(8):51-56(in Chinese).
[19]Mohammad A,Marta M.Understanding the origin of oscillatory phenomena observed between wind farms and HVDC systems[J].IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2017,5(1):378-392.
[20]吕敬,董鹏,施刚,等.大型双馈风电场经MMC-HVDC并网的次同步振荡及其抑制[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(19):4852-4860.LüJing,Dong Peng,Shi Gang,et al.Subsynchronous oscillation and its mitigation of MMC-based HVDC with large doubly-fed induction generator-based wind farm integration[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(19):4852-4860(in Chinese).
[21]王雪薇,谢欢,刘青等.SVG对风电次同步振荡影响的研究[J].华北电力技术,2017(6):37-41,47.Wang Xuewei,Xie Huan,Liu Qing,et al.Research on the effects of SVG to wind subsynchronous oscillation[J].North China Electric Power,2017(6):37-41,47(in Chinese).
[22]Xiaorong Xie,Sub-and Super-Synchronous Interactions between STATCOMs and Weak AC/DC Transmissions with Series Compensations[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2017.
[23]Buchhagen C,Rauscher C,Menze A,et al.BorWin1-first experiences with harmonic interactions in converter minated grids[C]//Proceedings of International ETG Congress 2015,Die Energiewende-Blueprints for the New Energy Age.Bonn,Germany:VDE,2015:1-7.
[24]高强,林烨,黄立超,等.舟山多端柔性直流输电工程综述[J].电网与清洁能源,2015,31(2):33-38.Gao Qiang,Lin Ye,Huang Lichao,et al.An overview of Zhoushan VSC-MTDC transmission project[J].Advances of Power System&Hydroelectric Engineering,2015,31(2):33-38(in Chinese).
[25]马玉龙,马为民,陈东,等.舟山多端柔性直流工程系统方案[J].电力建设,2014,35(3):1-6.Ma Yulong,Ma Weimin,Chen Dong,et al.System scheme of zhoushan multi-terminals VSC-HVDC project[J].Electric Power Construction,2014,35(3):1-6(in Chinese).
[26]吴俊,方芳,赵晓明,等.柔性直流输电舟洋换流站无源HVDC启动试验中典型故障分析[J].浙江电力,2016,35(1):6-9.Wu Jun,Fang Fang,Zhao Xiaoming,et al.Analysis on typical faults in passive HVDC startup tests in Zhouyang VSC-HVDC converter station[J].Zhejiang Electric Power,2016,35(1):6-9(in Chinese).
[27]Saad H,Fillion Y,Deschanvres S,et al.On resonances and harmonics in HVDC-MMC station connected to AC grid[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2017,32(3):1565-1573.
[28]D'Arco S,Beerten J,Suul J A.Classification and analysis of impact on small-signal dynamics and stability from expansion of VSC-HVDCsystems to multi-terminal HVDC grids[C]//Proceedings of the 13th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission(ACDC 2017).Manchester:IET,2017:1-8.
[29]胡伟,孙建军,姜一鸣,等.含STATCOM的孤岛微电网低频稳定性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(10):2454-2462.Hu Wei,Sun Jianjun,Jiang Yiming,et al.Low-frequency stabilization analysis of isolated micro-grid with STATCOM[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(10):2454-2462(in Chinese).
[30]Liu Ziquan,Yao Wei,Wen Jinyu.Interaction analysis and oscillation mitigation among multiple SVC-based damping controllers[C]//Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology.Wollongong,NSW,Australia:IEEE,2016:1-6.
[31]王海风,李乃湖,陈珩等.静止无功补偿器阻尼电力系统振荡(上)--理论分析[J].中国电机工程学报,1996,16(3):190-195.Wang Haifeng,Li Naihu,Chen Heng,et al.Theoretical analysis of damping the oscillation of power system by Static Var Compensator[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1996,16(3):190-195(in Chinese).
[32]袁志昌,柳勇军,黎小林,等.兼顾阻尼抑制和电压支撑的动态无功补偿装置控制方法[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(10):74-78.Yuan Zhichang,Liu Yongjun,Li Xiaolin,et al.Control of dynamic reactive power compensator with damping control and voltage control[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(10):74-78(in Chinese).
[33]Liu Huakun,Xie Xiaorong,Li Yu,et al.A small-signal impedance method for analyzing the SSR of series-compensated DFIG-based wind farms[C]//Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Power&Energy Society General Meeting.Denver,Colorado,America:IEEE,2015:1-5.
[34]Miao Z.Impedance-model-based SSR analysis for type 3 wind generator and series-compensated network[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2012,27(4):984-991.
[2]栗然,卢云,刘会兰,等.双馈风电场经串补并网引起次同步振荡机理分析[J].电网技术,2013,37(11):3073-3079.Li Ran,Lu Yun,Liu Huilan,et al.Mechanism analysis on subsynchronous oscillation caused by grid-integration of doubly fed wind power generation system via series compensation[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(11):3073-3079(in Chinese).
[3]Leon A E.Integration of DFIG-based wind farms into seriescompensated transmission systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2016,7(2):451-460.
[4]Ostadi A,Yazdani A,Varma R K.Modeling and stability analysis of a DFIG-based wind-power generator interfaced with a seriescompensated line[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2009,24(3):1504-1514.
[5]Mohammadpour H A,Santi E.SSR damping controller design and optimal placement in rotor-side and grid-side converters of series-compensated DFIG-based wind farm[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2015,6(2):388-399.
[6]Fan L,Miao Z.Nyquist-stability-criterion-based SSR explanation for type-3 wind generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2012,27(3):807-809.
[7]Huang P H,Moursi E,Shawky M,et al.Subsynchronous resonance mitigation for series-compensated DFIG-based wind farm by using two-degree-of-freedom control strategy[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(3):1442-1454.
[8]Xie H,Li B,Heyman C,et al.Subsynchronous resonance characteristics in presence of doubly-fed induction generator and series compensation and mitigation of subsynchronous resonance by proper control of series capacitor[J].IET Renewable Power Generation,2014,8(4):411-421.
[9]董晓亮,谢小荣,韩英铎,等.基于定转子转矩分析法的双馈风机次同步谐振机理研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(19):4861-4869.Dong Xiaoliang,Xie Xiaorong,Han Yingduo,et al.Mechanismstudy of DFIG-related SSR based on separate stator and rotor torque analysis[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(19):4861-4869(in Chinese).
[10]廖坤玉,陶顺,姚黎婷,等.RSC扰动分量与转差频率耦合引起的DFIG定子间谐波电流解析模型[J].电网技术,2017,41(4):1076-1083.Liao Kunyu,Tao Shun,Yao Liting,et al.Analytical model for DFIGstator interharmonic current induced by coupling of RSC disturbance components and slip frequency[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(4):1076-1083(in Chinese).
[11]薛安成,吴雨,王子哲,等.次同步扰动下的双馈风机系统多频率响应分析[J].电网技术,2018,42(6):1804-1810.Xue Ancheng,Wu Yu,Wang Zizhe,et al.Analysis of frequency response of DFIG system under the subsynchronous disturbance[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(6):1804-1810(in Chinese).
[12]Hua Kunliu,Xiaorong Xie,Jingbo He,et al.Subsynchronous interaction between direct-drive PMSG based wind farms and weak AC networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2017,32(6):4708-4720.
[13]谢小荣,刘华坤,贺静波,等.直驱风机风电场与交流电网相互作用引发次同步振荡的机理与特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(9):2366-2372.Xie Xiaorong,Liu Huakun,He Jingbo,et al.Analysis on mechanism and characteristic of subsynchronous oscillation caused by the interaction between full-converter wind turbine and AC systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(9):2366-2372(in Chinese).
[14]宋瑞华,郭剑波,李柏青,等.基于输入导纳的直驱风电次同步振荡机理与特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(16):4662-4670,4891.Song Ruihua,Guo Jianbo,Li Baiqing,et al.Analysis on mechanism and characteristics of subsynchronous oscillation in direct-drive wind power generation system based on input-admittance[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(16):4662-4670,4891(in Chinese).
[15]吴汪平,楚皓翔,解大,等.PI控制器参数对并网永磁直驱型风力发电系统机网相互作用的影响[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(10):21-28.Wu Wangping,Chu Haoxiang,Xie Da,et al.Influence of parameters of PI controllers on machine-network interaction of grid-connected PMSG system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(10):21-28(in Chinese).
[16]李景一,毕天姝,于钊,等.直驱风机变流控制系统对次同步频率分量的响应机理研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(6):1734-1740.Li Jingyi,Bi Tianshu,Yu Zhao,et al.Study on response characteristics of grid converter control system of PMSG to subsynchronous frequency component[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(6):1734-1740(in Chinese).
[17]吕敬,蔡旭,张占奎,等.海上风电场经MMC-HVDC并网的阻抗建模及稳定性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(14):3771-3780.LüJing,Cai Xu,Zhang Zhankui,et al.Impedance modeling and stability analysis of MMC-based HCDC for offshore wind farms[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(14):3771-3780(in Chinese).
[18]戴金水,吕敬,朱淼.大型海上风电场经VSC-HVDC并网的次同步振荡阻尼特性分析[J].电气应用,2016,35(8):51-56.Dai Jinshui,LüJing,Zhu Miao.Analysis of subsynchronous oscillation damping characteristics of MMC-based HVDC for large offshore wind farms[J].Electrotechnical Application,2016,35(8):51-56(in Chinese).
[19]Mohammad A,Marta M.Understanding the origin of oscillatory phenomena observed between wind farms and HVDC systems[J].IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2017,5(1):378-392.
[20]吕敬,董鹏,施刚,等.大型双馈风电场经MMC-HVDC并网的次同步振荡及其抑制[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(19):4852-4860.LüJing,Dong Peng,Shi Gang,et al.Subsynchronous oscillation and its mitigation of MMC-based HVDC with large doubly-fed induction generator-based wind farm integration[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(19):4852-4860(in Chinese).
[21]王雪薇,谢欢,刘青等.SVG对风电次同步振荡影响的研究[J].华北电力技术,2017(6):37-41,47.Wang Xuewei,Xie Huan,Liu Qing,et al.Research on the effects of SVG to wind subsynchronous oscillation[J].North China Electric Power,2017(6):37-41,47(in Chinese).
[22]Xiaorong Xie,Sub-and Super-Synchronous Interactions between STATCOMs and Weak AC/DC Transmissions with Series Compensations[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2017.
[23]Buchhagen C,Rauscher C,Menze A,et al.BorWin1-first experiences with harmonic interactions in converter minated grids[C]//Proceedings of International ETG Congress 2015,Die Energiewende-Blueprints for the New Energy Age.Bonn,Germany:VDE,2015:1-7.
[24]高强,林烨,黄立超,等.舟山多端柔性直流输电工程综述[J].电网与清洁能源,2015,31(2):33-38.Gao Qiang,Lin Ye,Huang Lichao,et al.An overview of Zhoushan VSC-MTDC transmission project[J].Advances of Power System&Hydroelectric Engineering,2015,31(2):33-38(in Chinese).
[25]马玉龙,马为民,陈东,等.舟山多端柔性直流工程系统方案[J].电力建设,2014,35(3):1-6.Ma Yulong,Ma Weimin,Chen Dong,et al.System scheme of zhoushan multi-terminals VSC-HVDC project[J].Electric Power Construction,2014,35(3):1-6(in Chinese).
[26]吴俊,方芳,赵晓明,等.柔性直流输电舟洋换流站无源HVDC启动试验中典型故障分析[J].浙江电力,2016,35(1):6-9.Wu Jun,Fang Fang,Zhao Xiaoming,et al.Analysis on typical faults in passive HVDC startup tests in Zhouyang VSC-HVDC converter station[J].Zhejiang Electric Power,2016,35(1):6-9(in Chinese).
[27]Saad H,Fillion Y,Deschanvres S,et al.On resonances and harmonics in HVDC-MMC station connected to AC grid[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2017,32(3):1565-1573.
[28]D'Arco S,Beerten J,Suul J A.Classification and analysis of impact on small-signal dynamics and stability from expansion of VSC-HVDCsystems to multi-terminal HVDC grids[C]//Proceedings of the 13th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission(ACDC 2017).Manchester:IET,2017:1-8.
[29]胡伟,孙建军,姜一鸣,等.含STATCOM的孤岛微电网低频稳定性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(10):2454-2462.Hu Wei,Sun Jianjun,Jiang Yiming,et al.Low-frequency stabilization analysis of isolated micro-grid with STATCOM[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(10):2454-2462(in Chinese).
[30]Liu Ziquan,Yao Wei,Wen Jinyu.Interaction analysis and oscillation mitigation among multiple SVC-based damping controllers[C]//Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology.Wollongong,NSW,Australia:IEEE,2016:1-6.
[31]王海风,李乃湖,陈珩等.静止无功补偿器阻尼电力系统振荡(上)--理论分析[J].中国电机工程学报,1996,16(3):190-195.Wang Haifeng,Li Naihu,Chen Heng,et al.Theoretical analysis of damping the oscillation of power system by Static Var Compensator[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1996,16(3):190-195(in Chinese).
[32]袁志昌,柳勇军,黎小林,等.兼顾阻尼抑制和电压支撑的动态无功补偿装置控制方法[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(10):74-78.Yuan Zhichang,Liu Yongjun,Li Xiaolin,et al.Control of dynamic reactive power compensator with damping control and voltage control[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(10):74-78(in Chinese).
[33]Liu Huakun,Xie Xiaorong,Li Yu,et al.A small-signal impedance method for analyzing the SSR of series-compensated DFIG-based wind farms[C]//Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Power&Energy Society General Meeting.Denver,Colorado,America:IEEE,2015:1-5.
[34]Miao Z.Impedance-model-based SSR analysis for type 3 wind generator and series-compensated network[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2012,27(4):984-991.