基于应急救援目标的化工企业平面布局优化
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摘要
为在布局设计初级阶段实现平面布局方案的优选,从本质上减少影响应急救援的不利因素,构建了基于AHP与DEA和模糊综合评价法的化工企业平面布局安全评价模型。依据平面布局不合理对应急救援的影响,从消防设施布局、消防道路布局和疏散布局三个方面,构建评价指标体系;运用AHP和DEA相结合的方式确定各指标权重,以隶属度函数曲线为基础,得到各评分集的隶属度,构建模糊综合评价模型。用该评价模型对化工企业布局方案进行优选,选出的布局方案与分析的一致,表明该评价模型有一定的实用价值。
In order to select the optimizing layout in the initial stage of the design and reduce the negative factors influencing the emergency rescue,a safety evaluation model based on AHP,DEA and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was established.The index system including three aspects of the fire facilities,the fire road and the evacuation was built,according to the impact of enterprise layout on emergency rescue.AHP and DEA were used to determine the weight of each index,and the membership degree of each evaluation classification was obtained based on the membership function curve,and then the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was established.This evaluation model was used to optimize the layout of chemical enterprise,the selected layout was consistent with the analytic result,which showed that the evaluation model has a certain practical value.
In order to select the optimizing layout in the initial stage of the design and reduce the negative factors influencing the emergency rescue,a safety evaluation model based on AHP,DEA and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was established.The index system including three aspects of the fire facilities,the fire road and the evacuation was built,according to the impact of enterprise layout on emergency rescue.AHP and DEA were used to determine the weight of each index,and the membership degree of each evaluation classification was obtained based on the membership function curve,and then the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was established.This evaluation model was used to optimize the layout of chemical enterprise,the selected layout was consistent with the analytic result,which showed that the evaluation model has a certain practical value.
引文
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[2]Basta C,Neuvel J.M.M,Zlatanova S,et al.Risk-maps informing land-use planning processes:A survey on the Netherlands and the United Kingdom recent developments[J].Journal of hazardous materials,2007,145(1):241-249.
[3]CCPS A.Guidelines for chemical process quantitative risk analysis[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2001,14:438-439.
[4]GB50160-2008,石油化工企业设计防火规范[S].
[5]GB50074-2014,石油库设计规范[S].
[6]GB50974-2014,消防给水及消火栓系统技术规范[S].
[7]Southworth F.Regional Evacuation Modeling:A State of the Art Reviewing[J].Oak Ridge National Labs,1991,11(5):511-521(11).
[8]Lopes A M G,Cruz M G,Viegas D X.Fire Station-an integrated software system for the numerical simulation of fire spread on complex topography[J].Environmental Modelling&Software,2002,17(3):269-285.
[9]Razdol'Skij L G,Stri?evskij M I.Optimal layout of emergency ventilation systems in chemical industry workshops[J].Iio.org,1975(4):59-60.
[10]Kady R A,Tolk A.Emergency evacuation modeling:a novel approach to layout designs and evacuation procedures[M].Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics,Springer US,2011.
[11]王子曦.精细化工园区消防安全评价体系研究[D].华南理工大学,2013.
[12]王维.石油化工园区应急消防布局规划模型及应用研究[D].首都经济贸易大学,2003.
[13]陈鸿.城市消防站空间布局优化研究[D].上海:同济大学,2007.
[14]李笑婷.石化企业生产事故应急能力评价研究[D].北京交通大学,2008.
[15]Tugnoli A,Khan F,Amyotte P,et al.Safety assessment in plant layout design using indexing approach:Implementing inherent safety perspective:Part 1-Guideword applicability and method description[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,160(1):100-109.
[16]Jung S,Ng D,Diaz-Ovalle C,et al.New approach to optimizing the facility siting and layout for fire and explosion scenarios[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2011,50(7):3928-3937.
[17]杨德权,裴金英.基于DEA-AHP的物流系统绩效评价研究[J].运筹与管理,2009,18(5):81-86.
[18]陈章良,吴恒亮,张杏莉.基于模糊综合评价的煤矿本质安全数据挖掘[J].中国管理信息化,2009,12(12):73-.
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