浸渍法制备磁性木材的磁性和电磁波吸收性能
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摘要
研究了通过浸渍法制得的磁性木材产物不同部位对产物中磁性物质的分布、磁性和电磁波吸收性能的影响。利用金属盐离子尺寸小、在木材中渗透性优于纳米颗粒的特点,将经过预处理的木材先后浸渍于三价铁和二价铁的混合溶液以及氨水溶液中,通过化学共沉淀的方法在木材中原位制备Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒,从而得到磁性木材。对样品成分和结构进行红外光谱和X射线衍射光谱分析;将环境扫描电子显微镜与EDS mapping模式联用研究样品中磁性颗粒的分布;使用振动样品磁强计对所得样品的磁性进行了测量;并使用网络矢量分析仪对杨木试样的电磁波吸收能力进行了测试。铁盐浸渍液中Fe~(3+)和Fe~(2+)的物质的量之比为2∶1,氨水质量分数为25%,浸渍液通过导管传输和纹孔渗透两种方式进入木材内部,最终生成磁性颗粒。磁性颗粒的粒径在13 nm左右,磁性木材不同部位的铁含量按照角、边和中心的顺序依次递减,角部位的磁性强度最高,为24.75 emu/g,而中心部位仅为1.64 emu/g。同时,不同部位的磁矫顽力均较大,分别为137.60(中心),28.15(边)和10.11 Oe(角),表明制得的磁性木材改变了原来磁性颗粒(Fe_3O_4)的软磁性特征,为硬磁材料。此外,它们在5.0 GHz处的电磁波吸波强度分别为-0.63(中心),-3.93(边)和-17.12 d B(角)。采用铁盐与氨水逐步浸渍和原位共沉淀的方法可以成功制备磁性木材。在固定的浸渍液配比浓度和铁盐浸渍时间下,磁性木材内部不同部位所含磁性颗粒的量按中心、边和角的顺序逐渐增加,分布更加均匀,相应的磁性逐渐增强。同时,制得的磁性木材为硬磁材料,但从磁性木材的中心部位到边和角部位呈现出向软磁材料转变的趋势。而制得的磁性木材不同部位电磁波吸收性能按中心、边和角的顺序逐渐增强。铁盐浸渍6 d得到的3 mm厚磁性木材的角部位电磁波吸收能力最强,且对5.0 GHz波段的电磁波吸收性能满足吸波材料的要求。
Since ferric irons have good characteristics,such as smaller size and easier penetration into wood than nanoparticles,the pretreated wood was impregnated in the mixed solution of Fe~(3+) and Fe~(2+),and followed by the impregnation in ammonia solution. The Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles were prepared by the in situ co-precipitation method in the wood,and magnetic wood( Fe_3O_4/wood) was fabricated. The X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer( EDS),vibrating sample magnetometer( VSM) and network vector analyzer were used to investigate the composition,structure,magnetic and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of the magnetic wood samples. The molar ratio of Fe~(3+) and Fe~(2+) in the impregnation solution was 2 ∶ 1,and the mass ratio of ammonia was 25%. The magnetic coercivities of the different parts( center,edge and corner) of the magnetic wood were 137. 60,28. 15 and 10. 11 Oe,respectively,and their absorption capacities for electromagnetic wave at 5. 0 GHz band with the thickness of 3 mm were-0. 63,-3. 93 and-17. 12 dB,respectively. These results indicatedthat the magnetic wood was successfully fabricated by using the in situ co-precipitation and gradually dipping method.At the same time,the content and distribution of magnetic particles increased gradually and became more uniform from center to corner. The corner part of the obtained magnetic wood was of good magnetic and electromagnetic wave absorption properties. The electromagnetic wave absorption capacities of the magnetic wood increased gradually with the increase in thickness. The corner part of the magnetic wood with the thickness of 3 mm was suitable to be the informal absorbing materials for electromagnetic wave at 5.0 GHz band and met the technical and economic requirements as an absorption material.
Since ferric irons have good characteristics,such as smaller size and easier penetration into wood than nanoparticles,the pretreated wood was impregnated in the mixed solution of Fe~(3+) and Fe~(2+),and followed by the impregnation in ammonia solution. The Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles were prepared by the in situ co-precipitation method in the wood,and magnetic wood( Fe_3O_4/wood) was fabricated. The X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer( EDS),vibrating sample magnetometer( VSM) and network vector analyzer were used to investigate the composition,structure,magnetic and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of the magnetic wood samples. The molar ratio of Fe~(3+) and Fe~(2+) in the impregnation solution was 2 ∶ 1,and the mass ratio of ammonia was 25%. The magnetic coercivities of the different parts( center,edge and corner) of the magnetic wood were 137. 60,28. 15 and 10. 11 Oe,respectively,and their absorption capacities for electromagnetic wave at 5. 0 GHz band with the thickness of 3 mm were-0. 63,-3. 93 and-17. 12 dB,respectively. These results indicatedthat the magnetic wood was successfully fabricated by using the in situ co-precipitation and gradually dipping method.At the same time,the content and distribution of magnetic particles increased gradually and became more uniform from center to corner. The corner part of the obtained magnetic wood was of good magnetic and electromagnetic wave absorption properties. The electromagnetic wave absorption capacities of the magnetic wood increased gradually with the increase in thickness. The corner part of the magnetic wood with the thickness of 3 mm was suitable to be the informal absorbing materials for electromagnetic wave at 5.0 GHz band and met the technical and economic requirements as an absorption material.
引文
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[3]YANG R B,REDDY P M,CHANG C J,et al.Synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4/polypyrrole/carbon nanotube composites with tunable microwave absorption properties:role of carbon nanotube and polypyrrole content[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,285:497-507.
[4]SUN D P,ZOU Q,WANG Y P,et al.Controllable synthesis of porous Fe3O4@Zn O sphere decorated graphene for extraordinary electromagnetic wave absorption[J].Nanoscale,2014,6(12):6557-6562.
[5]杨文麟,董胜奎,刘本东.电磁波吸收材料[J].电子质量,2011(7):78-80.YANG W L,DONG S K,LIU B D.Electromagnetic wave absorber[J].Electronics Quality,2011(7):78-80.
[6]杨文麟.电磁波吸收材料的研制及发展动向[J].电子质量,2005(6):71-72.YANG W L.Research,manufacture and development of electromagnetic wave absorbers[J].Electronics Quality,2005(6):71-72
[7]LIU J W,CHE R C,CHEN H J,et al.Microwave absorption enhancement of multifunctional composite microspheres with spinel Fe3O4cores and anatase Ti O2shells[J].Small,2012,8(8):1214-1221.
[8]LIU J W,CHENG J,CHE R C,et al.Synthesis and microwave absorption properties of yolk-shell microspheres with magnetic iron oxide cores and hierarchical copper silicate shells[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2013,5(7):2503-2509.
[9]OKA H,HOJO A,SEKI K,et al.Wood construction and magnetic characteristics of impregnated type magnetic wood[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2002,239(1/2/3):617-619.
[10]OKA H,HOJO A,OSADA H,et al.Manufacturing methods and magnetic characteristics of magnetic wood[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2004,272-276:2332-2334.
[11]高洪林,吴国元,张艮林,等.Fe3O4/木材复合材料的制备及磁性[J].功能材料,2010,41(11):1900-1902.GAO H L,WU G Y,ZHANG G L,et al.Preparation and magnetic properties of Fe3O4/wood composite[J].Journal of Functional Materials,2010,41(11):1900-1902.
[12]LU M M,CAO M S,CHEN Y H,et al.Multiscale assembly of grape-like ferroferric oxide and carbon nanotubes:a smart absorber prototype varying temperature to tune intensities[J].ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces,2015,7(34):19408-19415.
[13]LYU H L,JI G B,LIANG X H,et al.A novel rod-like Mn O2@Fe loading on graphene giving excellent electromagnetic absorption properties[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry C,2015,3:5056-5064.
[14]卿彦,吴义强,秦志永,等.Si O2/杨木复合材料制备与性能评价[J],复合材料学报,2011,28(6):125-131.QING Y,WU Y Q,QIN Z Y,et al.Preparation and performance evaluation of Si O2/poplar wood composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2011,28(6):125-131.
[15]LOU Z C,ZHANG Y N,ZHANG X H,et al.A facile approach to monodisperse Au nanoparticles on Fe3O4nanostructures with surface plasmon resonance amplification[J].Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,2015,15(3):2371-2378.