亚洲各国膳食营养素参考摄入量的比较及蛋白质最佳摄入量的探讨
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摘要
膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)已在许多国家广泛使用。由于保护群体健康的具体目标以及地区、人群和饮食差异等因素,许多亚洲国家都建立了自己的DRIs或类似的膳食营养素参考值。本文对亚洲主要国家的DRIs进行了比较,并讨论了目前尚有争议的一些问题以及未来的发展方向。同时,越来越多的研究表明,可能存在一个高于DRIs的蛋白质最佳摄入量,故本文在综合相关研究证据的基础上,还探讨了蛋白质的最佳摄入水平。
Dietary reference intakes(DRIs)has been widely used in many countries. Given the goal to protect the health of population and factors such as regional, demographic and dietary differences, many Asian countries have established their own DRIs or similar dietary nutrient reference values. This paper compares DRIs of major Asian countries and discusses the current controversial issues and the direction of development in the future. Meanwhile, a growing number of researches suggest that there may be an optimal amount of dietary protein in excess of the recommendation in DRIs that provides beneficial outcomes. So based on relevant comprehensive evidences of researches,this paper discusses the optimal protein intake level as well.
Dietary reference intakes(DRIs)has been widely used in many countries. Given the goal to protect the health of population and factors such as regional, demographic and dietary differences, many Asian countries have established their own DRIs or similar dietary nutrient reference values. This paper compares DRIs of major Asian countries and discusses the current controversial issues and the direction of development in the future. Meanwhile, a growing number of researches suggest that there may be an optimal amount of dietary protein in excess of the recommendation in DRIs that provides beneficial outcomes. So based on relevant comprehensive evidences of researches,this paper discusses the optimal protein intake level as well.
引文
[1]Murphy SP,Yates AA,Atkinson SA,et al. History of Nutrition:The Long Road Leading to the Dietary Reference Intakes for the United States and Canada[J].Adv Nutr An Int Rev J,2016,7(1):157-168.
[2]Bauer J, Biolo G, Cederholm T, et al. Evidencebased recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older people:A position paper from the prot-age study group[J]. J Am Med Dir Assoc,2013,14(8):542-559.
[3]Volpi E, Campbell WW, Dwyer JT, et al. Is the optimal level of protein intake for older adults greater than the recommended dietary allowance?[J].Journals Gerontol-Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci,2013,68(6):677-681.
[4]B?rsheim E, Bui QUT, Tissier S, et al. Effect of amino acid supplementation on muscle mass,strength and physical function in elderly[J]. Clin Nutr,2008,27(2):189-195.
[5]Ferrando AA, Paddon-Jones D, Hays NP, et al.EAA supplementation to increase nitrogen intake improves muscle function during bed rest in the elderly[J]. Clin Nutr,2010,29(1):18-23.
[6]Paddon-Jones D, Sheffield-Moore M, Urban RJ, et al. Essential amino acid and carbohydrate supplementation ameliorates muscle protein loss in humans during 28 days bedrest[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2004,89(9):4351-4358.
[7]Chevalier S, Gougeon R, Nayar K, et al. Frailty amplifies the effects of aging on protein metabolism:Role of protein intake[J]. Am J Clin Nutr,2003,78(3):422-429.
[8]Rozentryt P, von Haehling S, Lainscak M, et al.The effects of a high-caloric protein-rich oral nutritional supplement in patients with chronic heart failure and cachexia on quality of life, body composition, and inflammation markers:A randomized, double-blind pilot study[J]. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle,2010,1(1):35-42.
[9]Houston DK, Nicklas BJ, Ding J, et al. Dietary protein intake is associated with lean mass change in older,community-dwelling adults:The Health,Aging,and Body Composition(Health ABC)study[J]. Am J Clin Nutr,2008,87(1):150-155.
[10]Bartali B, Frongillo EA, Stipanuk MH, et al.Protein intake and muscle strength in older persons:Does inflammation matter?[J]. J Am Geriatr Soc,2012,60(3):480-484.
[11]Paddon-Jones D, Westman E, Mattes RD, et al.Protein, weight management, and satiety[J]. Am J Clin Nutr,2008,87(5):1558S-1561S.
[12]Damsgaard CT, Papadaki A, Jensen SM, et al.Higher Protein Diets Consumed Ad Libitum Improve Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Children of Overweight Parents from Eight European Countries[J]. J Nutr,2013,143(6):810-817.
[13]Kim I-Y,Schutzler S,Schrader A,et al. Quantity of dietary protein intake, but not pattern of intake,affects net protein balance primarily through differences in protein synthesis in older adults[J].AJP Endocrinol Metab,2015,308(1):E21-E28.
[14]Ross AC, Manson JE, Abrams SA, et al. The2011 Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D:What Dietetics Practitioners Need to Know[J]. J Am Diet Assoc,2011,111(4):524-527.
[15]Nobuyo Tsuboyama-Kasaoka.日本2010版DRIs修订的概念和科学依据[J].中国营养学会第十一次全国营养科学大会暨国际DRIs研讨会学术报告及论文摘要汇编(上册),2013,5:61-65.
[16]Feskanich D, Weber P, Willett WC, et al.Vitamin K intake and hip fractures in women:A prospective study[J]. Am J Clin Nutr,1999,69(1):74-79.
[17]Elango R, Humayun MA, Ball RO, et al. Protein requirement of healthy school-age children determined by the indicator amino acid oxidation method[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2011,94(6):1545-1552.
[18]Trumbo P, Schlicker S, Yates AA, et al. Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber,fat,fatty acids,cholesterol,protein and amino acids[J]. J Am Diet Assoc,2002,102(11):1621-1630.
[19]Shams-White MM, Chung M, Du M, et al.Dietary protein and bone health:A systematic review and meta-analysis from the National Osteoporosis Foundation[J]. Am J Clin Nutr,2017,105(6):1528-1543.
[2]Bauer J, Biolo G, Cederholm T, et al. Evidencebased recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older people:A position paper from the prot-age study group[J]. J Am Med Dir Assoc,2013,14(8):542-559.
[3]Volpi E, Campbell WW, Dwyer JT, et al. Is the optimal level of protein intake for older adults greater than the recommended dietary allowance?[J].Journals Gerontol-Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci,2013,68(6):677-681.
[4]B?rsheim E, Bui QUT, Tissier S, et al. Effect of amino acid supplementation on muscle mass,strength and physical function in elderly[J]. Clin Nutr,2008,27(2):189-195.
[5]Ferrando AA, Paddon-Jones D, Hays NP, et al.EAA supplementation to increase nitrogen intake improves muscle function during bed rest in the elderly[J]. Clin Nutr,2010,29(1):18-23.
[6]Paddon-Jones D, Sheffield-Moore M, Urban RJ, et al. Essential amino acid and carbohydrate supplementation ameliorates muscle protein loss in humans during 28 days bedrest[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2004,89(9):4351-4358.
[7]Chevalier S, Gougeon R, Nayar K, et al. Frailty amplifies the effects of aging on protein metabolism:Role of protein intake[J]. Am J Clin Nutr,2003,78(3):422-429.
[8]Rozentryt P, von Haehling S, Lainscak M, et al.The effects of a high-caloric protein-rich oral nutritional supplement in patients with chronic heart failure and cachexia on quality of life, body composition, and inflammation markers:A randomized, double-blind pilot study[J]. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle,2010,1(1):35-42.
[9]Houston DK, Nicklas BJ, Ding J, et al. Dietary protein intake is associated with lean mass change in older,community-dwelling adults:The Health,Aging,and Body Composition(Health ABC)study[J]. Am J Clin Nutr,2008,87(1):150-155.
[10]Bartali B, Frongillo EA, Stipanuk MH, et al.Protein intake and muscle strength in older persons:Does inflammation matter?[J]. J Am Geriatr Soc,2012,60(3):480-484.
[11]Paddon-Jones D, Westman E, Mattes RD, et al.Protein, weight management, and satiety[J]. Am J Clin Nutr,2008,87(5):1558S-1561S.
[12]Damsgaard CT, Papadaki A, Jensen SM, et al.Higher Protein Diets Consumed Ad Libitum Improve Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Children of Overweight Parents from Eight European Countries[J]. J Nutr,2013,143(6):810-817.
[13]Kim I-Y,Schutzler S,Schrader A,et al. Quantity of dietary protein intake, but not pattern of intake,affects net protein balance primarily through differences in protein synthesis in older adults[J].AJP Endocrinol Metab,2015,308(1):E21-E28.
[14]Ross AC, Manson JE, Abrams SA, et al. The2011 Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D:What Dietetics Practitioners Need to Know[J]. J Am Diet Assoc,2011,111(4):524-527.
[15]Nobuyo Tsuboyama-Kasaoka.日本2010版DRIs修订的概念和科学依据[J].中国营养学会第十一次全国营养科学大会暨国际DRIs研讨会学术报告及论文摘要汇编(上册),2013,5:61-65.
[16]Feskanich D, Weber P, Willett WC, et al.Vitamin K intake and hip fractures in women:A prospective study[J]. Am J Clin Nutr,1999,69(1):74-79.
[17]Elango R, Humayun MA, Ball RO, et al. Protein requirement of healthy school-age children determined by the indicator amino acid oxidation method[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2011,94(6):1545-1552.
[18]Trumbo P, Schlicker S, Yates AA, et al. Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber,fat,fatty acids,cholesterol,protein and amino acids[J]. J Am Diet Assoc,2002,102(11):1621-1630.
[19]Shams-White MM, Chung M, Du M, et al.Dietary protein and bone health:A systematic review and meta-analysis from the National Osteoporosis Foundation[J]. Am J Clin Nutr,2017,105(6):1528-1543.