上海市职业生命阶段人群高血压患病与生活方式的关系
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摘要
【目的】探索社区职业生命阶段人群高血压患病与生活方式之间的关系及其影响因素。【方法】采用2013年上海市慢性病及其危险因素监测数据,利用logistic回归分析职业生命阶段人群(18～60岁)中高血压患病与生活方式之间的关系。【结果】共有3 376名研究对象纳入分析,研究结果显示性别、年龄、文化程度、是否吸烟、是否饮酒、职业、超重、肥胖对高血压的患病情况有影响(P<0.05)。调整年龄、性别、婚姻状况、职业混杂因素后,摄入过多谷薯类及杂豆、摄入过少水果及摄入过多蛋类与高血压的发生之间的关联有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,谷薯摄入过多与高血压的发生存在关联(OR=1.336,95%CI:1.126～1.586);低体重与高血压的发生呈负相关,超重和肥胖与高血压的发生呈正相关。【结论】应加强社区18～60岁处于职业生命阶段的人群合理营养、平衡膳食的健康教育,提高该人群自我管理的意识,并从行为方式上进行干预,改变不良生活行为方式是预防高血压的重要措施。
[Objective] To analyze the relationship between lifestyle and hypertension in occupational population. [Methods] The data used were from Shanghai Non-communicable and Chronic Disease(NCD) Surveillance in 2013.The residents in communities were selected for the study by multi-stage stratified random sampling method(18～60 years old) and logistic regression was performed to analyze the relationship between lifestyle and hypertension. [Results] A total of 3 376 subjects were selected.The results showed that sex,age,educational level,smoke,drinking,profession,overweight,obesity had effects on the prevalence of high blood pressure(P<0.05).In addition,after adjusting age,gender,marital status and career,intaking excessive valley potato and miscellaneous beans and too few fruits as well as too many eggs had effects on the prevalence of high blood pressure(P<0.05).Multivariable analysis showed that intaking more valley potato and miscellaneous beans had effects on the prevalence of high blood pressure(OR=1.336,95% CI:1.126～1.586).Low weight was negatively correlated with hypertension and overweight as well as obesity were positively correlated with hypertension. [Conclusion] Health education about rational nutrition and a balanced diet should be strengthened in occupational population who are always under work stress.Meanwhile,self-management should be strengthened and lifestyle interventions performed.Changing the bad behavior lifestyle would be an important measure to prevent hypertension.
[Objective] To analyze the relationship between lifestyle and hypertension in occupational population. [Methods] The data used were from Shanghai Non-communicable and Chronic Disease(NCD) Surveillance in 2013.The residents in communities were selected for the study by multi-stage stratified random sampling method(18～60 years old) and logistic regression was performed to analyze the relationship between lifestyle and hypertension. [Results] A total of 3 376 subjects were selected.The results showed that sex,age,educational level,smoke,drinking,profession,overweight,obesity had effects on the prevalence of high blood pressure(P<0.05).In addition,after adjusting age,gender,marital status and career,intaking excessive valley potato and miscellaneous beans and too few fruits as well as too many eggs had effects on the prevalence of high blood pressure(P<0.05).Multivariable analysis showed that intaking more valley potato and miscellaneous beans had effects on the prevalence of high blood pressure(OR=1.336,95% CI:1.126～1.586).Low weight was negatively correlated with hypertension and overweight as well as obesity were positively correlated with hypertension. [Conclusion] Health education about rational nutrition and a balanced diet should be strengthened in occupational population who are always under work stress.Meanwhile,self-management should be strengthened and lifestyle interventions performed.Changing the bad behavior lifestyle would be an important measure to prevent hypertension.
引文
[1]郭瑞,王增武.我国职业人群高血压患病状况研究进展[J].中华健康管理学杂志,2015,9(2):142-145.
[2]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告[R].北京:中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,2015.
[3]中国高血压防治指南修订委员会.中国高血压防治指南2010[J].中华心血管病杂志,2011,39(7):579-616.
[4]单卓华,邓利群,左惠娟.35～59岁高血压患者生活方式对血压控制影响的分析[J].心肺血管病杂志,2015,34(4):258-261,264.
[5]王玉恒,严青华,姚海宏,等.上海市社区高血压患者管理效果评价[J].环境与职业医学,2017,34(7):604-607.
[6]上海市疾病预防控制中心.上海市慢性病及其危险因素监测报告(2013)[M].上海:上海科学普及出版社,2014.
[7]郭瑞,王增武,王馨,等.我国部分省份职业人群高血压现患状况及影响因素[J].中华高血压杂志,2014,22(9):900.
[8]杨娉婷,陈志恒,李莹,等.常见职业因素与高血压的关系[J].中华高血压杂志,2014,22(6):533-535.
[9]马春红,马鹏涛,韩晶颖,等.饮食及运动量化行为干预在社区高血压患者健康管理中的应用[J].护理管理杂志,2012,12(1):19-21.
[10]袁木祥.饮食与运动干预对社区老年高血压患者生活质量的影响[J].中国老年学杂志,2012,32(13):2823-2824.
[11]洪忠新,丁冰杰.平衡膳食是防治原发性高血压病的基石[J].中国全科医学,2017,20(3):283-289.
[12]董昊天,杜珊珊,赵曼菲,等.哈尔滨市区高血压患者膳食质量评价与分析[J].哈尔滨医科大学学报,2016,50(6):517-521.
[13]李双飞,姚公元,杨少洁,等.深圳市社区居民膳食摄入与高血压关系[J].实用预防医学,2012,19(2):169-170.
[14]胡文斌,张婷,史建国,等.男性吸烟与高血压病的剂量-反应关系[J].中华心血管病杂志,2014,42(9):773-777.
[15]向全永,潘晓群,吕淑荣,等.吸烟与高血压相关关系研究[J].中国预防医学杂志,2010,11(11):1129-1131.
[16]SKLIROS E A,PAPADODIMA S A,SOTIROPOULOS A,et al.Relationship between alcohol consumption and control of hypertension among elderly Greeks.The Nemea primary care study[J].Hellenic J Cardiol,2012,53(1):26-32.
[17]RAZVODOVSKY Y E.Contribution of alcohol to hypertension mortality in Russia[J].J Addict,2014,2014:483910.
[18]OKUBO Y,SAIRENCHI T,IRIE F,et al.Association of alcohol consumption with incident hypertension among middle-aged and older Japanese population:the Ibarakai Prefectural Health Study (IPHS)[J].Hypertension,2014,63(1) 41-47.
[19]牟建军.重视生活方式干预,提高高血压管理水平[J].中华高血压杂志,2014,22(4):323-325.
[20]刘莉,叶鹏.男性和女性饮酒与患高血压的风险:一项系统回顾和荟萃分析[J].中华高血压杂志,2012,20(12):1199.
[21]冯宝玉,陈纪春,李莹,等.中国成年人超重和肥胖与高血压发病关系的随访研究[J].中华流行病学杂志,2016,37(5):606-611.
[22]覃羽乔,徐永芳,梁桂民,等.超重和肥胖与高血压、糖尿病的关系[J].中国公共卫生,2004,20(6):656-657.
[23]张芬.肥胖与高血压的研究现状和进展[J].现代医药卫生,2012,28(22):3440-3442.
[24]骆景光,杨明,韩凌,等.吸烟对高血压患者血压变异性的影响[J].中华高血压杂志,2013,21(2):178-180.
[2]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告[R].北京:中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,2015.
[3]中国高血压防治指南修订委员会.中国高血压防治指南2010[J].中华心血管病杂志,2011,39(7):579-616.
[4]单卓华,邓利群,左惠娟.35～59岁高血压患者生活方式对血压控制影响的分析[J].心肺血管病杂志,2015,34(4):258-261,264.
[5]王玉恒,严青华,姚海宏,等.上海市社区高血压患者管理效果评价[J].环境与职业医学,2017,34(7):604-607.
[6]上海市疾病预防控制中心.上海市慢性病及其危险因素监测报告(2013)[M].上海:上海科学普及出版社,2014.
[7]郭瑞,王增武,王馨,等.我国部分省份职业人群高血压现患状况及影响因素[J].中华高血压杂志,2014,22(9):900.
[8]杨娉婷,陈志恒,李莹,等.常见职业因素与高血压的关系[J].中华高血压杂志,2014,22(6):533-535.
[9]马春红,马鹏涛,韩晶颖,等.饮食及运动量化行为干预在社区高血压患者健康管理中的应用[J].护理管理杂志,2012,12(1):19-21.
[10]袁木祥.饮食与运动干预对社区老年高血压患者生活质量的影响[J].中国老年学杂志,2012,32(13):2823-2824.
[11]洪忠新,丁冰杰.平衡膳食是防治原发性高血压病的基石[J].中国全科医学,2017,20(3):283-289.
[12]董昊天,杜珊珊,赵曼菲,等.哈尔滨市区高血压患者膳食质量评价与分析[J].哈尔滨医科大学学报,2016,50(6):517-521.
[13]李双飞,姚公元,杨少洁,等.深圳市社区居民膳食摄入与高血压关系[J].实用预防医学,2012,19(2):169-170.
[14]胡文斌,张婷,史建国,等.男性吸烟与高血压病的剂量-反应关系[J].中华心血管病杂志,2014,42(9):773-777.
[15]向全永,潘晓群,吕淑荣,等.吸烟与高血压相关关系研究[J].中国预防医学杂志,2010,11(11):1129-1131.
[16]SKLIROS E A,PAPADODIMA S A,SOTIROPOULOS A,et al.Relationship between alcohol consumption and control of hypertension among elderly Greeks.The Nemea primary care study[J].Hellenic J Cardiol,2012,53(1):26-32.
[17]RAZVODOVSKY Y E.Contribution of alcohol to hypertension mortality in Russia[J].J Addict,2014,2014:483910.
[18]OKUBO Y,SAIRENCHI T,IRIE F,et al.Association of alcohol consumption with incident hypertension among middle-aged and older Japanese population:the Ibarakai Prefectural Health Study (IPHS)[J].Hypertension,2014,63(1) 41-47.
[19]牟建军.重视生活方式干预,提高高血压管理水平[J].中华高血压杂志,2014,22(4):323-325.
[20]刘莉,叶鹏.男性和女性饮酒与患高血压的风险:一项系统回顾和荟萃分析[J].中华高血压杂志,2012,20(12):1199.
[21]冯宝玉,陈纪春,李莹,等.中国成年人超重和肥胖与高血压发病关系的随访研究[J].中华流行病学杂志,2016,37(5):606-611.
[22]覃羽乔,徐永芳,梁桂民,等.超重和肥胖与高血压、糖尿病的关系[J].中国公共卫生,2004,20(6):656-657.
[23]张芬.肥胖与高血压的研究现状和进展[J].现代医药卫生,2012,28(22):3440-3442.
[24]骆景光,杨明,韩凌,等.吸烟对高血压患者血压变异性的影响[J].中华高血压杂志,2013,21(2):178-180.