高速钢碳化物偏析的研究现状
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摘要
高速钢因其硬度高、红硬性好、耐磨性好等特点被广泛应用于大型装备制造的加工工具。然而在大截面的高速钢生产过程中,易产生碳化物偏析等问题,影响材料的力学性能和使用寿命。通过对模铸、连铸、电渣重熔、粉末冶金方法的比较与分析,探究影响碳化物偏析的因素,研究改善碳化物偏析的方法。研究表明,通过添加孕育剂、微合金元素、机械搅拌、电磁搅拌可以改善碳化物偏析;此外,通过对比分析发现,使用电渣重熔法生产高速钢可以经济有效地控制碳化物偏析,电渣重熔法已成为生产高速钢的主要方法。
High-speed steel is widely used in machining tools for large-scale equipment manufacturing because of its high hardness,good red hardness and good wear resistance.However,it is easy to cause problems such as segregation of carbides in the large cross section during high-speed steel production process,affecting the mechanical properties and service life of the material.Through the comparison and analysis of the methods of mould casting,continuous casting,electroslag remelting and powder metallurgy,explores the factors affecting the segregation of carbides and the methods of improving the segregation of carbides are explored.The results show that the carbide segregation can be improved by adding inoculants,microalloying elements,mechanical agitation,and electromagnetic stirring.In addition,through comparative analysis,it is found that the use of electroslag remelting to produce high-speed steel can cost-effectively control the carbide segregation,and electroslag remelting has become the main method for producing high-speed steel.
High-speed steel is widely used in machining tools for large-scale equipment manufacturing because of its high hardness,good red hardness and good wear resistance.However,it is easy to cause problems such as segregation of carbides in the large cross section during high-speed steel production process,affecting the mechanical properties and service life of the material.Through the comparison and analysis of the methods of mould casting,continuous casting,electroslag remelting and powder metallurgy,explores the factors affecting the segregation of carbides and the methods of improving the segregation of carbides are explored.The results show that the carbide segregation can be improved by adding inoculants,microalloying elements,mechanical agitation,and electromagnetic stirring.In addition,through comparative analysis,it is found that the use of electroslag remelting to produce high-speed steel can cost-effectively control the carbide segregation,and electroslag remelting has become the main method for producing high-speed steel.
引文
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[7]郝勇飞,成国光,谢有.高速钢W4Mo3Cr4VSi中碳化物的析出行为[J].钢铁,2018,53(1):65.
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[16]常立忠,施晓芳,从俊强,等.电渣冶金过程中结晶器旋转对铸锭致密度的影响[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2014,34(12):1247.
[17]贾寓真,吴懿萍,匡旭光,等.传统冶炼高速钢EM42与粉末冶金高速钢ASP2042的回火特性[J].金属热处理,2018,43(6):211.
[18]朱施利,曹华珍,胡文豪,等.稀土镁对W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢中共晶碳化物粒化的影响[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2014,43(8):1983.
[19]贾成厂,张万里,胡彬涛,等.稀土元素对高速钢组织和性能的影响[J].粉末冶金技术,2017,35(6):416.
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[23]王宝亮,牛建平.添加稀土元素钇对低碳微合金钢组织和性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2011,40(2):48.
[24]王维青.硅影响M2高速钢中碳化物形成和转变的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.
[25]王维青,潘复生,吴立志,等.硅对热处理态M2高速钢中共晶碳化物的影响[J].重庆大学学报,2011,34(11):44.
[26]PAN S F,DING P,TANG A,et al.Carbides in high-speed steels containing silicon[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2004,35(9):2757.
[27]杨勇维,符寒光,王开明,等.铝对高硼高速钢相图与凝固组织的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2016,37(7):48.
[28]祖宁.Fe-V-Nb中间合金孕育剂对轧辊用高速钢组织和性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2018,47(14):188.
[29]刘海峰,刘耀辉,于思荣.合金元素对高碳高速钢中碳化物形成及形态的影响[J].铸造,2000,49(5):260.
[30]罗乙娲,郭汉杰,孙晓林.M42高速钢电渣重熔及锻造退火后碳化物的析出[J].钢铁,2017,52(7):68.
[31]高立光.合金铸铁轴体铸件皮下气孔的消除[J].现代铸铁,2012,32(2):39.
[32]Koria S C,Rajiv D.Study of the effect of some process parameters on powder injection refining by a mathematical model[J].Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy,2010,29(6):259.
[33]SHI Xiao-fang,CHANG Li-zhong,WANG Jian-jun.Effect of mold rotation on the bifilar electroslag remelting process[J].International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials,2015,22(10):1033.
[34]刘海明,安永太,宋绪丁,等.转速对电磁离心铸造高碳高速钢碳化物的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2013,34(8):118.
[35]LI G J,FENG M J.Experimental research on electromagnetic continuous casting high-speed steel composite roll[J].Journal of Central South University,2014,21(3):849.
[36]王冠,薛纪二.离心铸造国内专利技术现状研究[J].铸造技术,2011,32(6):892.
[37]张天明.电磁离心铸造高速钢组织与性能研究[D].西安:长安大学,2013.
[38]ZHOU X F,FANG F,JIANG J Q,et al.Refining carbide dimensions in AISI M2high speed steel by increasing solidification rates and spheroidising heat treatment[J].Material Science and Technology,2014,30(1):116.
[39]ZHOU X F,FANG F,JIANG J Q,et al.Refining carbide dimensions in AISI M2high speed steel by increasing solidification rates and spheroidizing heat treatment[J].Material Science and Technology,2014,30(1):116
[40]李万明,姜周华,臧喜民,等.抽锭电渣重熔大截面高速钢过程的碳化物偏析控制[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2017,48(7):1697.
[41]ZHAO Bu-qing,GONG Zhen-zhong,JI Zheng-xiang.Influence of carbide to high-speed steel cutting tool life[J].Heat Treatment Technology and Equipment,2011,32(3):60.
[42]臧喜民,邓鑫,姜周华,等.T型结晶器抽锭电渣重熔高速钢90mm方锭新工艺[J].钢铁,2016,51(1):39.
[43]Boccalini M,Goldenstein H.Solidification of high speed steels[J].International Materials Reviews,2001,46(2):92.
[44]占礼春,迟宏宵,马党参,等.电渣重熔连续定向凝固M2高速钢铸态组织的研究[J].材料工程,2013(7):29.
[45]初伟,谢尘,吴晓春.电渣重熔M2高速钢共晶碳化物控制研究[J].上海金属,2013,35(5):23.
[2]吴立志,丁培道,谢志彬.大截面刀具用高速钢:中国,CN102409239A[P].[2012-04-11].
[3]郑伟.喷射成形大截面高速钢钢锭制备工艺参数的优化[D].石家庄:河北科技大学,2014.
[4]Tatjana V P,Goran K,MatjazG,et al.Three important points that relate to improving the hot workability of Ledeburitic tool steels[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2012,43(10):3797.
[5]Rodenburg C,Rainforth W M.A quantitative analysis of the influence of carbides size distributions on wear behavior of high-speed steel in dry rolling/sliding contact[J].Acta Materialia,2007,55(7):2443.
[6]王启明,成国光,黄宇.M2高速钢大尺寸碳化物的形貌特征及析出机理[J].钢铁,2018,53(1):65.
[7]郝勇飞,成国光,谢有.高速钢W4Mo3Cr4VSi中碳化物的析出行为[J].钢铁,2018,53(1):65.
[8]Boccalini M,Goldenstein H.Solidification of high speed steels[J].International Materials Reviews,2001,46(2):92.
[9]戚正风.无碳化物偏析高速钢[J].金属热处理,2011,36(10):1.
[10]殷光强,张建刚.连铸工艺参数调整对连铸坯中心偏析的影响[J].宽厚板,2018,24(4):39.
[11]许洪波.改善轴承钢碳化物不均匀性的工艺研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2008.
[12]赵路遇,邢建东,王任甫,等.连铸钢板中心偏析及其对组织和韧性的影响[J].钢铁,2005,40(11):62.
[13]Raihle G M,Fredriksson H.On the formation of pipes and centerline segregation in continuously cast billets[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,1994,25(1):123.
[14]勾军年.半固态连铸M2高速钢坯料的特性研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2007.
[15]邓玉昆,陈景榕,王世章.高速工具钢[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2002.
[16]常立忠,施晓芳,从俊强,等.电渣冶金过程中结晶器旋转对铸锭致密度的影响[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2014,34(12):1247.
[17]贾寓真,吴懿萍,匡旭光,等.传统冶炼高速钢EM42与粉末冶金高速钢ASP2042的回火特性[J].金属热处理,2018,43(6):211.
[18]朱施利,曹华珍,胡文豪,等.稀土镁对W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢中共晶碳化物粒化的影响[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2014,43(8):1983.
[19]贾成厂,张万里,胡彬涛,等.稀土元素对高速钢组织和性能的影响[J].粉末冶金技术,2017,35(6):416.
[20]刘秋香,陆德平,陆磊,等.镧-铈混合稀土变质剂对铸态高速钢组织与性能的影响[J].热处理技术与装备,2013,34(5):49.
[21]ZHOU X F,YIN X Y,FANG F,et al.Influence of rare earths on eutectic carbides in AISI M2high speed steel[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2012,30(10):1075.
[22]胡强,陆德平,樊自田,等.氧化镧对高速钢组织与力学性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2013,38(12):30.
[23]王宝亮,牛建平.添加稀土元素钇对低碳微合金钢组织和性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2011,40(2):48.
[24]王维青.硅影响M2高速钢中碳化物形成和转变的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.
[25]王维青,潘复生,吴立志,等.硅对热处理态M2高速钢中共晶碳化物的影响[J].重庆大学学报,2011,34(11):44.
[26]PAN S F,DING P,TANG A,et al.Carbides in high-speed steels containing silicon[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2004,35(9):2757.
[27]杨勇维,符寒光,王开明,等.铝对高硼高速钢相图与凝固组织的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2016,37(7):48.
[28]祖宁.Fe-V-Nb中间合金孕育剂对轧辊用高速钢组织和性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2018,47(14):188.
[29]刘海峰,刘耀辉,于思荣.合金元素对高碳高速钢中碳化物形成及形态的影响[J].铸造,2000,49(5):260.
[30]罗乙娲,郭汉杰,孙晓林.M42高速钢电渣重熔及锻造退火后碳化物的析出[J].钢铁,2017,52(7):68.
[31]高立光.合金铸铁轴体铸件皮下气孔的消除[J].现代铸铁,2012,32(2):39.
[32]Koria S C,Rajiv D.Study of the effect of some process parameters on powder injection refining by a mathematical model[J].Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy,2010,29(6):259.
[33]SHI Xiao-fang,CHANG Li-zhong,WANG Jian-jun.Effect of mold rotation on the bifilar electroslag remelting process[J].International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials,2015,22(10):1033.
[34]刘海明,安永太,宋绪丁,等.转速对电磁离心铸造高碳高速钢碳化物的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2013,34(8):118.
[35]LI G J,FENG M J.Experimental research on electromagnetic continuous casting high-speed steel composite roll[J].Journal of Central South University,2014,21(3):849.
[36]王冠,薛纪二.离心铸造国内专利技术现状研究[J].铸造技术,2011,32(6):892.
[37]张天明.电磁离心铸造高速钢组织与性能研究[D].西安:长安大学,2013.
[38]ZHOU X F,FANG F,JIANG J Q,et al.Refining carbide dimensions in AISI M2high speed steel by increasing solidification rates and spheroidising heat treatment[J].Material Science and Technology,2014,30(1):116.
[39]ZHOU X F,FANG F,JIANG J Q,et al.Refining carbide dimensions in AISI M2high speed steel by increasing solidification rates and spheroidizing heat treatment[J].Material Science and Technology,2014,30(1):116
[40]李万明,姜周华,臧喜民,等.抽锭电渣重熔大截面高速钢过程的碳化物偏析控制[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2017,48(7):1697.
[41]ZHAO Bu-qing,GONG Zhen-zhong,JI Zheng-xiang.Influence of carbide to high-speed steel cutting tool life[J].Heat Treatment Technology and Equipment,2011,32(3):60.
[42]臧喜民,邓鑫,姜周华,等.T型结晶器抽锭电渣重熔高速钢90mm方锭新工艺[J].钢铁,2016,51(1):39.
[43]Boccalini M,Goldenstein H.Solidification of high speed steels[J].International Materials Reviews,2001,46(2):92.
[44]占礼春,迟宏宵,马党参,等.电渣重熔连续定向凝固M2高速钢铸态组织的研究[J].材料工程,2013(7):29.
[45]初伟,谢尘,吴晓春.电渣重熔M2高速钢共晶碳化物控制研究[J].上海金属,2013,35(5):23.
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