社会质量与农民工的市民化
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摘要
文章基于"社会质量视角下的农民工市民化研究"问卷数据,从社会质量视角审视我国的农民工市民化问题。数据分析发现,厦门、深圳、苏州、东莞四城市农民工总体市民化进程指数为0.563,达到"半市民化"水平,而包含社会经济保障、社会凝聚、社会包容、社会增能四个维度的社会质量是农民工市民化进程的重要影响因素。在具体影响方式上,社会经济保障水平越高,农民工市民化水平就越高;社会越是团结,即农民工社会信任水平越高、越是具有利他主义倾向,其市民化水平就越高;社会包容程度越高,即农民工感知到的社会歧视越少,社团参与越积极,其市民化进程就越快;社会增能水平越高,即参与职业技能培训和相信依靠后天努力能够改善生活的预期越积极,农民工市民化水平就越高。文章据此提出了推动农民工有序实现市民化的路径构想。
Based on the questionnaire data of"Research on the Citizenization of Migrant Workers from the Perspective of Social Quality", this paper examines the issue of citizenization of migrant workers in China from the perspective of social quality.The data analysis finds that the overall citizenization process index of migrant workers in Xiamen, Shenzhen, Suzhou and Dongguan is 0.563, which reaches the level of"semi-citizenization". And the social quality which possesses four dimensionsincluding social and economic security, social cohesion, social inclusion and social empowerment is an important factor influencing the process of citizenization of migrant workers. In terms of specific ways of influencing, the higher the level of social and economic security, the higher the level of citizenship of migrant workers; the more united the society is, that is, the higher the level of social trust of migrant workers and the higher altruistic tendencies, the higher their level of citizenship; the higher the degree of social inclusion, that is, the less obvious the awareness of migrant workers on social discrimination, the more positive the participation in community, the faster the process of citizenization; the higher the level of social empowerment, that is, the more active the participation in vocational skills training and self-successful expectations, the higher the level of citizenship of migrant workers.Based on this, the article puts forward the idea of promoting the orderly realization of peasant workers in order to achieve citizenization.
Based on the questionnaire data of"Research on the Citizenization of Migrant Workers from the Perspective of Social Quality", this paper examines the issue of citizenization of migrant workers in China from the perspective of social quality.The data analysis finds that the overall citizenization process index of migrant workers in Xiamen, Shenzhen, Suzhou and Dongguan is 0.563, which reaches the level of"semi-citizenization". And the social quality which possesses four dimensionsincluding social and economic security, social cohesion, social inclusion and social empowerment is an important factor influencing the process of citizenization of migrant workers. In terms of specific ways of influencing, the higher the level of social and economic security, the higher the level of citizenship of migrant workers; the more united the society is, that is, the higher the level of social trust of migrant workers and the higher altruistic tendencies, the higher their level of citizenship; the higher the degree of social inclusion, that is, the less obvious the awareness of migrant workers on social discrimination, the more positive the participation in community, the faster the process of citizenization; the higher the level of social empowerment, that is, the more active the participation in vocational skills training and self-successful expectations, the higher the level of citizenship of migrant workers.Based on this, the article puts forward the idea of promoting the orderly realization of peasant workers in order to achieve citizenization.
引文
[1]田丰.逆成长:农民工社会经济地位的十年变化(2006-2015)[J].社会学研究,2017,(3):121-143.
[2]龚文海.新生代农民工职业农民意愿研究--基于个人特征、外出务工特征的分析[J].农业经济问题,2015,(11):41-48.
[3]李敏.大众创业背景下农民工返乡创业问题探究[J].中州学刊,2015,(10):79-82.
[4]SOLINGER,D.J.Contesting Citizenship in Urban China:Peasant Migrants,the State,and the Logic of the Market[M].Berkeley:University of California Press,1999.
[5]任远,邬民乐.城市流动人口的社会融合:文献述评[J].人口研究,2006,(3):87-94.
[6]廖茂林,杜亭亭.中国城市转型背景下的农民工市民化成本--基于广东省实践的思考[J].城市发展研究,2018,(3):21-25+103.
[7]黄祖辉,刘雅萍.农民工就业代际差异研究--基于杭州市浙江籍农民工就业状况调查[J].农业经济问题,2008,(10):51-59.
[8]王超恩,符平,敬志勇.农民工职业流动的代际差异及其影响因素[J].中国农村观察,2013,(5):2-9+23.
[9]王毅杰,童星.流动农民社会支持网探析[J].社会学研究,2004,(2):51-59.
[10]刘传江,周玲.社会资本与农民工的城市融合[J].人口研究,2004,(5):12-18.
[11]刘程.资本转换与新生代农民工的城市融合[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2015,(5):114-119.
[12][19]王桂新,沈建法,刘建波.中国城市农民工市民化研究:以上海为例[J].人口与发展,2008,(1):3-23.
[13]BECK,W.,MAESEN,VAN DER LAURENT and A.WALKER(EDS).The Social Quality of Europe[M].The Hague:Kluwer Law International,1997.
[14]艾伦·沃克.21世纪的社会政策:最低标准,还是社会质量?[A]//葛道顺、杨团主编.社会政策评论(第一辑)[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2007:3-27.
[15]MAESEN,VAN DER L.and A.WALKER.Indicators of Social Quality:Outcomes of the European Scientific Network[J].European Journal of Social Quality,2005,5(1&2):8-24.
[16]PHILLIPS D.Community Citizenship and Community Social Quality:the British Jewish Community at the Turn of the Twentieth Century[J].European Journal of Social Quality,2001,3(1&2):1-26.
[17]WALKER,A.and WIGFIELD,A.The Social Inclusion Component of Social Quality[J].Fourth Draft Discussion Paper,Amsterdam:European Foundation on Social Quality,2004.
[18][27]BECK,W.,MAESEN,VAN DER L,F.THOMESE and A.WALKER(EDS).Social Quality:A Vision for Europe[M].The Hague:Kluwer Law International,2001.
[20]HERMANN,P.Empowerment[DB/OL].http://www.social-quality.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Empowerment-febr-2004.pdf.,2014-10-22.
[21]VANDERPLAAT,M.Beyond Technique:Issues in Evaluating for Empowerment[J].Evaluation,1995,1(1):81-96.
[22]刘爱玉.城市化过程中的农民工市民化问题[J].中国行政管理,2012,(1):112-118.
[23]王丽容.亚洲社会质量指标:什么是独特的?[A]//张海东主编.社会质量研究:理论、方法与经验[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2011:180-186.
[24]符平,唐有财,江立华.农民工的职业分割与向上流动[J].中国人口科学,2012,(6):75-82.
[25]王斌.个体化的助人者:新生代农民工从事志愿服务的动机分析[J].深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版),2014,(1):75-82.
[26]王竹林.农民工市民化的资本困境及其缓解出路[J].农业经济问题,2010,(2):28-32.
[28]徐延辉,王高哲.就业质量对社会融合的影响研究--基于深圳市的实证研究[J].学习与实践,2014,(2):101-111.
[29]徐延辉,史敏.社会信任对城市外来人口社会融入的影响研究[J].学习与实践,2016,(2):110-119.
(1)对定距变量和定类变量需采用不同的去量纲方法,囿于篇幅,本文省略了对13个指标去量纲的具体过程。
(1)为了便于理解,在三级指标合成二级指标时,对三级指标的权重进行了归一化处理。
(2)囿于篇幅,文中省略了因子分析的具体结果。
(1)无论是总体进程指数还是分类进程指数的计算,都是以个体为基础的,先计算个体在总指数和分类指数上的得分,然后计算其平均值。
[2]龚文海.新生代农民工职业农民意愿研究--基于个人特征、外出务工特征的分析[J].农业经济问题,2015,(11):41-48.
[3]李敏.大众创业背景下农民工返乡创业问题探究[J].中州学刊,2015,(10):79-82.
[4]SOLINGER,D.J.Contesting Citizenship in Urban China:Peasant Migrants,the State,and the Logic of the Market[M].Berkeley:University of California Press,1999.
[5]任远,邬民乐.城市流动人口的社会融合:文献述评[J].人口研究,2006,(3):87-94.
[6]廖茂林,杜亭亭.中国城市转型背景下的农民工市民化成本--基于广东省实践的思考[J].城市发展研究,2018,(3):21-25+103.
[7]黄祖辉,刘雅萍.农民工就业代际差异研究--基于杭州市浙江籍农民工就业状况调查[J].农业经济问题,2008,(10):51-59.
[8]王超恩,符平,敬志勇.农民工职业流动的代际差异及其影响因素[J].中国农村观察,2013,(5):2-9+23.
[9]王毅杰,童星.流动农民社会支持网探析[J].社会学研究,2004,(2):51-59.
[10]刘传江,周玲.社会资本与农民工的城市融合[J].人口研究,2004,(5):12-18.
[11]刘程.资本转换与新生代农民工的城市融合[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2015,(5):114-119.
[12][19]王桂新,沈建法,刘建波.中国城市农民工市民化研究:以上海为例[J].人口与发展,2008,(1):3-23.
[13]BECK,W.,MAESEN,VAN DER LAURENT and A.WALKER(EDS).The Social Quality of Europe[M].The Hague:Kluwer Law International,1997.
[14]艾伦·沃克.21世纪的社会政策:最低标准,还是社会质量?[A]//葛道顺、杨团主编.社会政策评论(第一辑)[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2007:3-27.
[15]MAESEN,VAN DER L.and A.WALKER.Indicators of Social Quality:Outcomes of the European Scientific Network[J].European Journal of Social Quality,2005,5(1&2):8-24.
[16]PHILLIPS D.Community Citizenship and Community Social Quality:the British Jewish Community at the Turn of the Twentieth Century[J].European Journal of Social Quality,2001,3(1&2):1-26.
[17]WALKER,A.and WIGFIELD,A.The Social Inclusion Component of Social Quality[J].Fourth Draft Discussion Paper,Amsterdam:European Foundation on Social Quality,2004.
[18][27]BECK,W.,MAESEN,VAN DER L,F.THOMESE and A.WALKER(EDS).Social Quality:A Vision for Europe[M].The Hague:Kluwer Law International,2001.
[20]HERMANN,P.Empowerment[DB/OL].http://www.social-quality.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Empowerment-febr-2004.pdf.,2014-10-22.
[21]VANDERPLAAT,M.Beyond Technique:Issues in Evaluating for Empowerment[J].Evaluation,1995,1(1):81-96.
[22]刘爱玉.城市化过程中的农民工市民化问题[J].中国行政管理,2012,(1):112-118.
[23]王丽容.亚洲社会质量指标:什么是独特的?[A]//张海东主编.社会质量研究:理论、方法与经验[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2011:180-186.
[24]符平,唐有财,江立华.农民工的职业分割与向上流动[J].中国人口科学,2012,(6):75-82.
[25]王斌.个体化的助人者:新生代农民工从事志愿服务的动机分析[J].深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版),2014,(1):75-82.
[26]王竹林.农民工市民化的资本困境及其缓解出路[J].农业经济问题,2010,(2):28-32.
[28]徐延辉,王高哲.就业质量对社会融合的影响研究--基于深圳市的实证研究[J].学习与实践,2014,(2):101-111.
[29]徐延辉,史敏.社会信任对城市外来人口社会融入的影响研究[J].学习与实践,2016,(2):110-119.
(1)对定距变量和定类变量需采用不同的去量纲方法,囿于篇幅,本文省略了对13个指标去量纲的具体过程。
(1)为了便于理解,在三级指标合成二级指标时,对三级指标的权重进行了归一化处理。
(2)囿于篇幅,文中省略了因子分析的具体结果。
(1)无论是总体进程指数还是分类进程指数的计算,都是以个体为基础的,先计算个体在总指数和分类指数上的得分,然后计算其平均值。