晚稻不同受旱程度对产量结构的影响规律研究
|
摘要
为有效解决降雨时空分布不均导致水稻受旱减产,为政府职能部门制定抗旱政策,提高水资源利用率,本项目通过设置移动式防雨大棚,采用测筒区(称重式蒸渗仪)和大田区对比试验,在晚稻分蘖期、拔节孕穗期、抽穗开花期和乳熟期等4个生育期分别设不受旱(正常灌溉)、轻旱、中旱、重旱、特旱五个受旱级别,以及设置2个生育期或3个生育期的连旱进行试验.通过试验得出结论:分蘖期受旱,水稻有效穗数减少;拔节孕穗期和抽穗开花期受旱,水稻穗粒数减少;抽穗开花期和乳熟期受旱,水稻千粒重和结实率下降;两个生育期以上的连续受旱,对产量的影响远大于单个时期受旱;同一生育期受旱程度越大,产量越低。
In order to effectively solve the problem of rice drought and yield reduction caused by uneven spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall,and formulate drought-resistant policies for government functional departments to improve water resources utilization rate,the project set up mobile rain-proof greenhouses,used barrel-measuring area(weighing transpiration meter) and field comparative experiments,and set up four growth stages of late rice,namely,tillering stage,jointing booting stage,heading flowering stage and milk ripening stage,respectively.Normal irrigation),light drought,moderate drought,heavy drought and extreme drought,and according to the actual situation of Jiangxi Province,set two or three growth periods of continuous drought.It is concluded that the tillering period is drought,the number of effective panicles of rice is reduced,the number of grains per panicle is reduced,the number of grains per panicle is reduced,the heading and flowering period is drought,the 1 000-grain weight and seed setting rate of rice are drought.The continuous drought of more than two growth periods has a greater impact on yield than that of a single period.The higher the degree of drought in the same growth period,the lower the yield.
In order to effectively solve the problem of rice drought and yield reduction caused by uneven spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall,and formulate drought-resistant policies for government functional departments to improve water resources utilization rate,the project set up mobile rain-proof greenhouses,used barrel-measuring area(weighing transpiration meter) and field comparative experiments,and set up four growth stages of late rice,namely,tillering stage,jointing booting stage,heading flowering stage and milk ripening stage,respectively.Normal irrigation),light drought,moderate drought,heavy drought and extreme drought,and according to the actual situation of Jiangxi Province,set two or three growth periods of continuous drought.It is concluded that the tillering period is drought,the number of effective panicles of rice is reduced,the number of grains per panicle is reduced,the number of grains per panicle is reduced,the heading and flowering period is drought,the 1 000-grain weight and seed setting rate of rice are drought.The continuous drought of more than two growth periods has a greater impact on yield than that of a single period.The higher the degree of drought in the same growth period,the lower the yield.
引文
[1]方宣钧,廉平湖,倪文.干旱缺水对水稻的生理反应[J].农田水利与小水电,1989(01):16~18.
[2]张明炷,李远华,崔远来,等.非充分灌溉条件下水稻生长发育及生理机制研究[J].灌溉排水,1994(04):6~10.
[3]胡继超,姜东,曹卫星,等.短期干旱对水稻时水势、光合作用及干物质分配的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(1); 63~67.
[4]孟雷,李磊鑫,陈温福,等.水分胁迫对水稻叶片气孔密度、大小及净光合速率的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,1999,30(5):477~480.
[5]杨建昌,乔纳圣·威尔斯,朱庆森,等.水分胁迫对水稻叶片气孔频度、气孔导度及脱落酸含量的影响[J].作物学报,1995,21(5):532~539.
[6]杨建昌,王志琴,朱庆森.水稻品种的抗旱性及其生理特性的研究[J].中国农业科学,1995,28(5):65~72.
[7]王秀珍,李红云.旱稻与水稻苗期的淀粉酶同工酶及其活性的研究[J].北京农业大学学报,1985,11(2):135~140.
[8]陈新红,徐国伟,孙华山.结实期土壤水分与氮素营养对水稻产量与品质的影响[J].扬州大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2003,24(3):37~41.
[9]靳伟荣,柳根水,徐兰,等.鄱阳湖流域主要旱作物需水规律研究[J].江西水利科技,2015(05):355~359.
[10]王君,俞双恩,丁继辉,等.水稻不同生育阶段稻田水位调控对产量因子及产量的影响[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2012(06):664~669.
[11]刘方平,梁举,熊晓光.江西水稻需水规律和灌溉用水变化规律分析[J].江西农业学报,2011(06):16~18+22.
[2]张明炷,李远华,崔远来,等.非充分灌溉条件下水稻生长发育及生理机制研究[J].灌溉排水,1994(04):6~10.
[3]胡继超,姜东,曹卫星,等.短期干旱对水稻时水势、光合作用及干物质分配的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(1); 63~67.
[4]孟雷,李磊鑫,陈温福,等.水分胁迫对水稻叶片气孔密度、大小及净光合速率的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,1999,30(5):477~480.
[5]杨建昌,乔纳圣·威尔斯,朱庆森,等.水分胁迫对水稻叶片气孔频度、气孔导度及脱落酸含量的影响[J].作物学报,1995,21(5):532~539.
[6]杨建昌,王志琴,朱庆森.水稻品种的抗旱性及其生理特性的研究[J].中国农业科学,1995,28(5):65~72.
[7]王秀珍,李红云.旱稻与水稻苗期的淀粉酶同工酶及其活性的研究[J].北京农业大学学报,1985,11(2):135~140.
[8]陈新红,徐国伟,孙华山.结实期土壤水分与氮素营养对水稻产量与品质的影响[J].扬州大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2003,24(3):37~41.
[9]靳伟荣,柳根水,徐兰,等.鄱阳湖流域主要旱作物需水规律研究[J].江西水利科技,2015(05):355~359.
[10]王君,俞双恩,丁继辉,等.水稻不同生育阶段稻田水位调控对产量因子及产量的影响[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2012(06):664~669.
[11]刘方平,梁举,熊晓光.江西水稻需水规律和灌溉用水变化规律分析[J].江西农业学报,2011(06):16~18+22.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |