长江中游宜昌—荆州江段鲢种群年龄结构和生长特征
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摘要
鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)是长江重要经济鱼类之一,长江中游是其重要栖息地。为研究其种群现状,2016—2017年对长江宜昌—荆州江段鲢开展了周年调查,共采集鲢样品470尾。结果显示,鲢的年龄范围为1～7龄,体长范围为18.2～93.8 cm,优势年龄组为3～5龄(72.7%),优势体长组为40～70 cm (77.2%);体长和体重关系式为W=4.0413×10~(-5)L~(2.7546)(R~2=0.9297,n=470),为非匀速生长类型;von Bertalanffy生长方程为:L_t=104.7[1-e~(-0.1603(t+0.89))], W_t=14.81[1-e~(-0.1603(t+0.89))]~(2.7546);生长参数为φ=3.2448, L_∞=104.7 cm, W_∞=14.81 kg;鲢生长拐点为5.43龄,拐点体长和体重为L_(tp)=66.6827cm,W_(tp)=4.2753kg。本研究表明长江中游鲢种群年龄结构得到了一定恢复,但生长性能出现衰退,建议加强鲢的种群及其栖息地的保护。
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix is one of the important commercial fish in the Yangtze River, and the section between Yichang and Jingzhou is an important spawning ground and habitat of H. molitrix. In order to study its population status in this area, 470 samples were collected from the annual survey of H. molitrix carried out from 2016 to 2017. The population of H. molitrix has a relatively complex age structure, which contains 7 age classes ranging from 1 to 7. The preponderant age class was comprised of 3-5 year-old individuals, making up72.7% of the total. Body-length range of the population was 18.2–93.8 cm, mainly between 40.0–70.0 cm(77.2%).The relation between body length and body weight was estimated as W = 4.0413×10~(-5) L~(2.7546)(R~2 = 0.9297, n = 470),for non-uniform motion pattern; Von Bertalanffy equations and the corresponding growth curves were calculated as L_t=104.7[1-e~(-0.1603(t+0.89))], W_t=14.81[1-e~(-0.1603(t+0.89))]~(2.7546); growth parameters were estimated as L_(tp) = 66.6827 cm,W_(TP) = 4.2753 kg growth inflection was 5.43 years, and inflection point length and inflection point weight were L_(tp)= 66.6827 cm and W_(TP) = 4.2753 kg, respectively. The results showed that the population structure of H. molitrix was complex, but the growth performance had declined. Conservation of the population and habitat of this species should be prioritized.
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix is one of the important commercial fish in the Yangtze River, and the section between Yichang and Jingzhou is an important spawning ground and habitat of H. molitrix. In order to study its population status in this area, 470 samples were collected from the annual survey of H. molitrix carried out from 2016 to 2017. The population of H. molitrix has a relatively complex age structure, which contains 7 age classes ranging from 1 to 7. The preponderant age class was comprised of 3-5 year-old individuals, making up72.7% of the total. Body-length range of the population was 18.2–93.8 cm, mainly between 40.0–70.0 cm(77.2%).The relation between body length and body weight was estimated as W = 4.0413×10~(-5) L~(2.7546)(R~2 = 0.9297, n = 470),for non-uniform motion pattern; Von Bertalanffy equations and the corresponding growth curves were calculated as L_t=104.7[1-e~(-0.1603(t+0.89))], W_t=14.81[1-e~(-0.1603(t+0.89))]~(2.7546); growth parameters were estimated as L_(tp) = 66.6827 cm,W_(TP) = 4.2753 kg growth inflection was 5.43 years, and inflection point length and inflection point weight were L_(tp)= 66.6827 cm and W_(TP) = 4.2753 kg, respectively. The results showed that the population structure of H. molitrix was complex, but the growth performance had declined. Conservation of the population and habitat of this species should be prioritized.
引文
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[12]Lv G Q,Li S F.Preliminary study on the population growth and dynamics of silver carp,bighead,grass carp and black carp in Swan Oxbow of Changjiang River[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,1993,2(1):6-16.[吕国庆,李思发.长江天鹅洲故道鲢、鳙、草鱼和青鱼种群特征与数量变动的初步研究[J].上海水产大学学报,1993,2(1):6-16.]
[13]Li S F,Lv G Q.Feasibility studies on genetic conservation of Chinese carps in Swan Oxbow of the Changjiang River[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1995,19(3):193-202.[李思发,吕国庆.长江天鹅洲故道“四大家鱼”种质资源天然生态库建库可行性研究[J].水产学报,1995,19(3):193-202.]
[14]Jiang Z Q,Qin K J,Yang S W,et al.The age,growth and resources of silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molituix)and bighead carp(Aristichthys nobilis)in Biliuhe Reservoir[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries College,1994,9(3):8-14.[姜志强,秦克静,杨树葳,等.碧流河水库鲢、鳙的年龄、生长和资源量的研究[J].大连水产大学学报,1994,9(3):8-14.]
[15]Yin M C.Fishery Ecology[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1995.[殷名称.鱼类生态学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.]
[16]Zhan B Y.Fish Stock Assessment[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1995.[詹秉义.渔业资源评估[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.]
[17]Skud B E.Book review:Fish population dynamics in tropical waters:A manual for use with programmable calculators.ICLARM Studies and Reviews 8.Daniel Pauly[J].Working Papers,1986,258,18(18):2533-2537.
[18]Pauly D,Moreau J,Prein M.A comparison of overall growth performance of tilapia in open waters and aquaculture[C]//The Second International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture,ICLARM Conference Proceedings 15,1988:469-479.
[19]Liu S P,Chen D Q,Duan X B,et al.Monitoring of the four famous Chinese carps resources in the middle and upper reaches of the yangtze river[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2004,13(2):183-186.[刘绍平,陈大庆,段辛斌,等.长江中上游四大家鱼资源监测与渔业管理[J].长江流域资源与环境,2004,13(2):183-186.]
[20]Li S F,Wang R X.Maturity speed and genetic analysis of silver carp and bighead form Changjiang and Zhujiang River Systema[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1990,14(3):189-197.[李思发,王瑞霞.长江、珠江水系鲢、鳙的性成熟速度及其遗传分析[J].水产学报,1990,14(3):189-197.]
[21]Fish Laboratory of Aquatic Institute in Hubei.Yangtze River Fishes[M].Beijing:Science Press,1976.[湖北省水生生物研究所鱼类研究室.长江鱼类[M].北京:科学出版社,1976.]
[22]Liang Z L,Sun P,Tang Y L,et al.Prime culprit for miniaturization and early sexual maturity:Fishing?Environment?[C]//Annual Meeting of the China Society of Fisheries,2009.[梁振林,孙鹏,唐衍力,等.鱼类小型化、性早熟的元凶:捕捞?环境?[C]//中国水产学会学术年会,2009.]
[23]Chen D Q,Liu S P,Duan X B,et al.A preliminary study of the fisheries biology of main commercial fishes in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2002,26(6):618-622.[陈大庆,刘绍平,段辛斌,等.长江中上游主要经济鱼类的渔业生物学特征[J].水生生物学报,2002,26(6):618-622.]
[2]Li S L,Chen X J,Liu B L,et al.Morphological analysis on population structure of neon flying squid(Ommastrephes bartramii)in the northwest pacific ocean[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2010,40(3):43-48.[李思亮,陈新军,刘必林,等.基于形态法的西北太平洋柔鱼种群结构研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2010,40(3):43-48.]
[3]LI W J.Research on the biology and ecology of Megalobrama pellegrini,an endemic fish of the upper Yangtze River[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2006.[李文静.厚颌鲂的个体生物学和种群生态研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2006.]
[4]Li S F,Zhou B Y,Ni C K,et al.Morphological variations of siver carp,bighead and grass carp form Changjiang,Zhujiang and Heilongjiang Rivers[J].Acta Zoologica Sinica,1989,35(4):390-398.[李思发,周碧云,倪重匡,等.长江、珠江、黑龙江鲢、鳙和草鱼原种种群形态差异[J].动物学报,1989,35(4):390-398.]
[5]Li S F,Wu L Z,Wang Q,et al.Morphological Variations of Silver Carp,Bighead and Grass Carp from Changjiang,Zhujiang and Heilongjiang Rivers[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific&Technical Publishers,1990:28-39.[李思发,吴力钊,王强,等.长江、珠江、黑龙江鲢、鳙、草鱼种质资源研究[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990:28-39.]
[6]Liu J K,He B W.China Fresh Water Fish Culture[M].Beijing:Science Press,1973.[刘建康,何碧梧.中国淡水鱼类养殖学[M].北京:科学出版社,1973.]
[7]Survey Team of Spawning Grounds of Domestic Fishes in Changjiang River.A survey on the spawning grounds of the“four famous Chinese carps”in the Changjiang River after dammed by the key water control project at Gezhouba[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1982,6(4):287-305.[长江四大家鱼产卵调查队.葛洲坝水利枢纽工程截流后长江四大家鱼产卵场调查[J].水产学报,1982,6(4):287-305.]
[8]Liu S P,Duan X B,Chen D Q,et al.Studies on status of fishery resources in the middle reach of the Yangtze River[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2005,29(6):708-711.[刘绍平,段辛斌,陈大庆,等.长江中游渔业资源现状研究[J].水生生物学报,2005,29(6):708-711.]
[9]Cao W X.China’s freshwater fish and conservation problems[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2005(z1):172.[曹文宣.中国的淡水鱼类与资源保护问题[J].淡水渔业,2005(z1):172.]
[10]Xiong F,Liu H Y,Duan X B,et al.Age and growth of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in Jiangjin of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River[J].Journal of Southwest University:Natural Science Edition,2013,35(3):28-35.[熊飞,刘红艳,段辛斌,等.长江上游江津江段鲢种群的年龄和生长特征[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版,2013,35(3):28-35.]
[11]Yu Z T,Deng Z L,Xu Y G,et al.Study the fish resources of Hanjiang on building hydro-junction in Danjiangkou[M]//Symposium of Fish(Ser.One).Beijing:Science Press,1981:125-132.[余志堂,邓中粦,许蕴玕,等.丹江口水利枢纽兴建以后的汉江鱼类资源[M]//鱼类学论文集(第一辑).北京:科学出版社,1981:125-132.]
[12]Lv G Q,Li S F.Preliminary study on the population growth and dynamics of silver carp,bighead,grass carp and black carp in Swan Oxbow of Changjiang River[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,1993,2(1):6-16.[吕国庆,李思发.长江天鹅洲故道鲢、鳙、草鱼和青鱼种群特征与数量变动的初步研究[J].上海水产大学学报,1993,2(1):6-16.]
[13]Li S F,Lv G Q.Feasibility studies on genetic conservation of Chinese carps in Swan Oxbow of the Changjiang River[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1995,19(3):193-202.[李思发,吕国庆.长江天鹅洲故道“四大家鱼”种质资源天然生态库建库可行性研究[J].水产学报,1995,19(3):193-202.]
[14]Jiang Z Q,Qin K J,Yang S W,et al.The age,growth and resources of silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molituix)and bighead carp(Aristichthys nobilis)in Biliuhe Reservoir[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries College,1994,9(3):8-14.[姜志强,秦克静,杨树葳,等.碧流河水库鲢、鳙的年龄、生长和资源量的研究[J].大连水产大学学报,1994,9(3):8-14.]
[15]Yin M C.Fishery Ecology[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1995.[殷名称.鱼类生态学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.]
[16]Zhan B Y.Fish Stock Assessment[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1995.[詹秉义.渔业资源评估[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.]
[17]Skud B E.Book review:Fish population dynamics in tropical waters:A manual for use with programmable calculators.ICLARM Studies and Reviews 8.Daniel Pauly[J].Working Papers,1986,258,18(18):2533-2537.
[18]Pauly D,Moreau J,Prein M.A comparison of overall growth performance of tilapia in open waters and aquaculture[C]//The Second International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture,ICLARM Conference Proceedings 15,1988:469-479.
[19]Liu S P,Chen D Q,Duan X B,et al.Monitoring of the four famous Chinese carps resources in the middle and upper reaches of the yangtze river[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2004,13(2):183-186.[刘绍平,陈大庆,段辛斌,等.长江中上游四大家鱼资源监测与渔业管理[J].长江流域资源与环境,2004,13(2):183-186.]
[20]Li S F,Wang R X.Maturity speed and genetic analysis of silver carp and bighead form Changjiang and Zhujiang River Systema[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1990,14(3):189-197.[李思发,王瑞霞.长江、珠江水系鲢、鳙的性成熟速度及其遗传分析[J].水产学报,1990,14(3):189-197.]
[21]Fish Laboratory of Aquatic Institute in Hubei.Yangtze River Fishes[M].Beijing:Science Press,1976.[湖北省水生生物研究所鱼类研究室.长江鱼类[M].北京:科学出版社,1976.]
[22]Liang Z L,Sun P,Tang Y L,et al.Prime culprit for miniaturization and early sexual maturity:Fishing?Environment?[C]//Annual Meeting of the China Society of Fisheries,2009.[梁振林,孙鹏,唐衍力,等.鱼类小型化、性早熟的元凶:捕捞?环境?[C]//中国水产学会学术年会,2009.]
[23]Chen D Q,Liu S P,Duan X B,et al.A preliminary study of the fisheries biology of main commercial fishes in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2002,26(6):618-622.[陈大庆,刘绍平,段辛斌,等.长江中上游主要经济鱼类的渔业生物学特征[J].水生生物学报,2002,26(6):618-622.]
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