典型生物质能源的转化途径分析对比
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摘要
随着社会经济的不断发展,能源消耗也逐渐增大,寻找、开发可替代的清洁能源成为当前研究的热点。在众多的清洁能源中,生物质能是一种广泛存在于禾草类、木材、藻类、动物油、废弃油脂和其他微生物油脂等有机生命体中的可再生能源。然而,由于这些生命体中所携带生物质能的主要物质组成各异,在采用物理、化学以及生物的方法进行生物质能源的提取时,往往会因为所研究或处理的生物质资源的不同而造成生物质能的转化效果差异性大。因此,厘清在生物质能提取过程中各转化条件下(温度、压力、时间、催化剂、介质体系等)各类生物质有机大分子(纤维素、半纤维素、木素、油脂等)的转化效率,对我们选择合理的转化路径是至关重要的。基于此,本文首先综述了生物质原料的主要化学组成,然后针对这些典型生物质化学成分进行相应生物质能转化路线的介绍和功效分析,最后,对于其中颇具应用前景的超临界流体下的生物质能转化技术进行重点研究,以期为超临界流体中各类生物质资源的高效能源化转化过程的工业化应用提供智力支持。
With the continuous development of social economy and thus the consumption of fossil energy, development of an alternative clean energy has become a hot research topic. Among many clean energy sources, biomass energy, which widely exists in grass, wood, algae, animal oil, waste oil and other microbial oils and other organisms. However, due to the main components of bioresources and the conversion methods are different, the conversion yield of bioenergy varies greatly. Therefore, it is very important to clarify the conversion efficiency of main macromolecules(cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, oil, etc.) of various biomasses under different conversion conditions(temperature, pressure, time, catalyst, reaction medium, etc.). Therefore, in this study, the main chemical compositions of biomass raw materials were firstly summarized. Then, the corresponding conversion routes of biomass energy and the conversion efficiency have been also investigated. Finally, the biomass energy conversion process in supercritical fluid medium was studied in order to provide intellectual support for the industrialization preparation of bioenergy from various biomass resources.
With the continuous development of social economy and thus the consumption of fossil energy, development of an alternative clean energy has become a hot research topic. Among many clean energy sources, biomass energy, which widely exists in grass, wood, algae, animal oil, waste oil and other microbial oils and other organisms. However, due to the main components of bioresources and the conversion methods are different, the conversion yield of bioenergy varies greatly. Therefore, it is very important to clarify the conversion efficiency of main macromolecules(cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, oil, etc.) of various biomasses under different conversion conditions(temperature, pressure, time, catalyst, reaction medium, etc.). Therefore, in this study, the main chemical compositions of biomass raw materials were firstly summarized. Then, the corresponding conversion routes of biomass energy and the conversion efficiency have been also investigated. Finally, the biomass energy conversion process in supercritical fluid medium was studied in order to provide intellectual support for the industrialization preparation of bioenergy from various biomass resources.
引文
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[13]陈洪章.蒸汽爆碎技术原理及应用[M].化学工业出版社,2007.
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[19]Beims R F,Botton V,Ender L,et al.Effect of degree of triglyceride unsaturation on aromatics content in bio-oil[J].Fuel,2018,217:175-184.
[20]韩军兴.植物油脱氧制备柴油类烃的催化剂及反应机理研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.
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[22]Endalew A K,Kiros Y,Zanzi R.Inorganic heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from vegetable oils[J].Biomass&Bioenergy,2011,35(9):3787-3809.
[23]丁启朔.生物质能转化技术的发展趋势[J].可再生能源,1998(5):21-22.
[24]雷学军,罗梅健.生物质能转化技术及资源综合开发利用研究[J].中国能源,2010,32(1):22-28.
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[27]Balat M,Balat H,?Z C.Progress in bioethanol processing[J].Progress in Energy&Combustion Science,2008,34(5):551-573.
[28]Bajpai P.Production of bioethanol[M].Springer India,2013.
[29]Yang B,Lu Y P.The promise of cellulosic ethanol production in China[J].Journal of Chemical Technology&Biotechnology Biotechnology,2010,82(1):6-10.
[30]Ayhan Demirbas,G?nen?Arin.An Overview of Biomass Pyrolysis[J].Energy Sources,2002,24(5):471-482.
[31]Balat M,Balat H,,Kirtay E,et al.Main routes for the thermoconversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals.Part 1:Pyrolysis systems[J].Energy Conversion&Management,2009,50(12):3147-3157.
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