论生物识别技术应用的身体信息化
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摘要
大数据和生物识别背景下,身体信息化是指从生物识别信息中挖掘出大量有关个体/用户的信息。首先梳理了生物识别的概念、基本原理和应用,并分析了身体信息化的产生原因及其特殊性。此外,通过讨论身体信息化在医学中的应用及风险,建议引入"伦理治理"的概念,制定伦理原则,为制定行为准则、管理和立法建立一个伦理学基础。
In the context of big data and biometrics identification,body informatization refers to the discovery of a large number of information about individuals/users from biometric identification information. Firstly,this paper sorted out the concept,basic principle and applications of biometric identification and analyzed the causes and particularity of body informatization. Secondly,this paper also discussed the applications and risks of body informatization in medicine. Finally,this paper recommended that it should introduce the concept of "ethical governance"and for mulate ethical principles to establish an ethical basis for the formulation of codes of conduct,management and legislation.
In the context of big data and biometrics identification,body informatization refers to the discovery of a large number of information about individuals/users from biometric identification information. Firstly,this paper sorted out the concept,basic principle and applications of biometric identification and analyzed the causes and particularity of body informatization. Secondly,this paper also discussed the applications and risks of body informatization in medicine. Finally,this paper recommended that it should introduce the concept of "ethical governance"and for mulate ethical principles to establish an ethical basis for the formulation of codes of conduct,management and legislation.
引文
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[17]Irish Council for Bioethics.Biometrics,Enhancing Security,or Invading Privacy[M].Dublin:Irish Council for Bioethics,2009.
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[19]邱仁宗,黄雯,翟晓梅.大数据技术的伦理问题[J].科学与社会,2014(1):36-48.
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[22]European Union.Towards responsible research and innovation in the information and communication technologies and security technologies fields[M].France:European Union,2011.
[2]Association for Biometrics(Af B),International Computer Security Association(ICSA).1998 Glossary of biometric terms[J].Information Security Technical Report,1998,3(1):98-108.
[3]Mordini E,Petrini C.Ethical and social implications of biometric identification technology[J].Ann Ist Super Sanita,2007,43(1):5-11.
[4]孙冬梅,裘正定.生物特征识别技术综述[J].电子学报,2001,29(12A):1744-1748.
[5]Van Der Ploeg I.Genetics,biometrics and the informatization of the body[J].Ann Ist Super Sanita,2007,43(1):44-50.
[6]Hunter H.Finger and palm prints in chromatinpositive males[J].Journal of medical genetics,1968,5(2):112-117.
[7]Select Committee on Science and Technology.Select Committee on Science and Technology Written Evidence[EB/OL].(2006-08-04)[2017-12-20].https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmselect/cmsctech/1032/1032we03.htm.
[8]Biovision.Roadmap to successful deployments from the user and system integrator perspective[R].Amsterdam:Biovision,2004.
[9]Future of Identity in the Information Society(FIDIS).Additional and in some cases health nelated information in biometrics[EB/OL].(2007-12-28)[2017-12-20].http://www.fidis.net/resources/fidisdeliverables/hightechid/int-d37001/doc/21/.
[10]Courtney O.Retinal Scans Do More Than Let You In The Door[EB/OL].(2005-08-31)[2017-12-20].https://phys.org/news/2005-08-retinal-scans-door.html.
[11]Nguyen T T,Wong T Y.Retinal vascular manifestations of metabolic disorders[J].Trends Endocrinol Metab,2006,17(7):262-268.
[12]苏高福.虹膜诊断学在妇科临床应用的研究[D].南京:南京中医药大学,2005.
[13]戴宗顺,陈柯竹,彭清华.虹膜诊断研究述评[J].湖南中医药大学学报,2016(2):81-84.
[14]Jain A K,Kumar A.Biometrics of next generation:An overview[J].Second Generation Biometrics,2010,12(1):2-3.
[15]Mordini E,Massari S.Body,biometrics and identity[J].Bioethics,2008,22(9):488-498.
[16]Wickins J.The ethics of biometrics:the risk of social exclusion from the widespread use of electronic identification[J].Sci Eng Ethics,2007,13(1):45-54.
[17]Irish Council for Bioethics.Biometrics,Enhancing Security,or Invading Privacy[M].Dublin:Irish Council for Bioethics,2009.
[18]EC.Working Paper of the data protection working party of the European Commission:biometrics[R].Brussels:EC,2003.
[19]邱仁宗,黄雯,翟晓梅.大数据技术的伦理问题[J].科学与社会,2014(1):36-48.
[20]Zhai X,Renzong Q.The Status Quo and Ethical Governance in Biometric in Mainland China[A]//In Kumar Ajay,Zhang David(eds.).Ethics and Policy of Biometrics:Third International Conference on Ethics and Policy of Biometrics and International Data Sharing.Berlin:Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2010:127-137.
[21]European Union.Ethics of Security and Surveillance Technologies[EB/OL].(2014-05-20)[2017-12-20].http://grundrechte.ch/2014/opinion_28_securityandsurveillancetechnologies.pdf.
[22]European Union.Towards responsible research and innovation in the information and communication technologies and security technologies fields[M].France:European Union,2011.