生物膜反应器-单宁酸铁处理低C/N废水的脱氮性能
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摘要
采用生物膜反应器耦合包埋型单宁酸铁处理低C/N比废水,考察其脱氮性能,分析了生物脱氮过程功能菌群的变化,以及单宁酸铁强化脱氮的作用机制.结果表明,生物膜反应器耦合包埋型单宁酸铁,具有低C/N比废水高效脱氮性能.进水C/N比为1:2.7时,TN平均去除率可达80.0%,TN平均去除负荷为1.38kg/(m~3·d).生物膜反应器内随着进水C/N比降低,优势脱氮过程从同步硝化-反硝化过程向同步短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化-反硝化(SNAD)过程转变,厌氧氨氧化过程对TN去除的贡献率逐渐升高至76.2%,亚硝化菌群和厌氧氨氧化菌群成为优势生物脱氮功能菌群.包埋型单宁酸铁在生化处理后,通过吸附-催化氨氧化作用同步去除氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮,进一步提高TN去除性能.因此,耦合单宁酸铁强化生物膜反应器SNAD脱氮过程,是实现低C/N比废水高效脱氮新的有效途径.
A biofilm reactor coupled with embedded ferric tannate was used to treat low C/N ratio wastewater and its nitrogen removal performance was investigated. The biological nitrogen removal process and the corresponding functional bacterial populations in the biofilm were also analyzed. The enhanced nitrogen removal by ferric tannate and its mechanism were also discussed. The results showed that the efficient nitrogen removal for low C/N ratio wastewater could be achieved in the biofilm reactor coupled with embedded ferric tannate. When the influent C/N ratio was 1:2.7, the average total nitrogen(TN) removal efficiency was 80.0%, and the average TN loading rate removed was 1.38 kg/(m~3·d). The dominant biological nitrogen removal process was converted from simultaneous nitrification-denitrification to simultaneous partial nitrification, ANAMMOX and denitrification(SNAD) process in the biofilm reactor when the influent C/N ratio decreased. As a result, the contribution of ANAMMOX process to TN removal increased up to 76.2% in the biofilm reactor. The populations of nitrosate bacteria and anammox bacteria became dominant for biological nitrogen removal. The ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen could be removed simultaneously by embedded ferric tannate due to the adsorption-catalytic ammonia oxidation process after biological treatment,resulting in further improvement of TN removal. Therefore, the enhancement of SNAD process by ferric tannate in a biofilm reactor is a new and effective solution for efficient nitrogen removal of low C/N ratio wastewater.
A biofilm reactor coupled with embedded ferric tannate was used to treat low C/N ratio wastewater and its nitrogen removal performance was investigated. The biological nitrogen removal process and the corresponding functional bacterial populations in the biofilm were also analyzed. The enhanced nitrogen removal by ferric tannate and its mechanism were also discussed. The results showed that the efficient nitrogen removal for low C/N ratio wastewater could be achieved in the biofilm reactor coupled with embedded ferric tannate. When the influent C/N ratio was 1:2.7, the average total nitrogen(TN) removal efficiency was 80.0%, and the average TN loading rate removed was 1.38 kg/(m~3·d). The dominant biological nitrogen removal process was converted from simultaneous nitrification-denitrification to simultaneous partial nitrification, ANAMMOX and denitrification(SNAD) process in the biofilm reactor when the influent C/N ratio decreased. As a result, the contribution of ANAMMOX process to TN removal increased up to 76.2% in the biofilm reactor. The populations of nitrosate bacteria and anammox bacteria became dominant for biological nitrogen removal. The ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen could be removed simultaneously by embedded ferric tannate due to the adsorption-catalytic ammonia oxidation process after biological treatment,resulting in further improvement of TN removal. Therefore, the enhancement of SNAD process by ferric tannate in a biofilm reactor is a new and effective solution for efficient nitrogen removal of low C/N ratio wastewater.
引文
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[14] Zhang R N, Li L, Liu J X. Synthesis and characterization of ferric tannate as a novel porous adsorptive-catalyst for nitrogen removal from wastewater[J]. RSC Advances, 2015,5:40785-40791.
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[18]崔玉雪,袁琦,唐媛,等.水源水生物预处理中填料生物量的测定方法探讨[J].给水排水,2009,35(10):29-31.Cui Y X, Yuan Q, Tang Y, et al. A study on measurement of biomass in the biological pretreatment process of source water[J]. Water and Wastewater, 2009,35(10):29-31.
[19] Chu Z R, Wang K, Li X K, et al. Microbial characterization of aggregates within a one-stage nitritation-anammox system using high-throughput amplicon sequencing[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,262(15):41-48.
[20] Lan C J, Kumar M, Wang C C, et al. Development of simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification(SNAD)process in a sequential batch reactor[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2011,102(9):5514-5519.
[21]李滨,赵志瑞,马斌,等.克隆文库方法分析厌氧氨氧化反应器中细菌群落结构[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(12):159-164.Li B, Zhao Z R, Ma B, et al. Analysis on bacterial diversity of an anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing reactor by use of 16S rDNA clone library[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2012,35(12):159-164.
[22]郑林雪,李军,胡家玮,等.同步硝化反硝化系统中反硝化细菌多样性研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(1):116-121.Zheng L X, Li J, Hu J W, et al. Analysis of denitrifying bacteria community composition in simultaneous nitrification and denitrification systems[J]. China Environmental Science, 2015,35(1):116-121.
[23] Du R,Peng Y,Cao S, et al. Mechanisms and microbial structure of partial denitrification with high nitrite accumulation[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2016,100(3):2011-2021.
[24] Ye Z, Wang F, Bi H, et al. Denitrification of nitrate-contaminated groundwater using a simple immobilized activated sludge bioreactor[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2012,66:517-524.
[2]闫玉洁,张建,贾文林,等.同步硝化反硝化过程中污染物的去除及温室气体的释放[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(11):1979-1983.Yan Y J, Zhang J, Jia W L, et al. Greenhouse gases emissions and pollutants removal during simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process. China Environmental Science, 2012,32(11):1979-1983.
[3] Sun S P, Nacher C P, Merkey B, et al. Effective biological nitrogen removal treatment processes for domestic wastewaters with low C/N ratios:A review[J]. Environmental Engineering Science, 2010,27(2):111-126.
[4] Chen H H, Liu S T, Yang F L, et al. The development of simultaneous partial nitrification, ANAMMOX and denitrification(SNAD)process in a single reactor for nitrogen removal[J]. Bioresource Technology,2009,100:1548-1554.
[5] Daverey A, Su S H, Huang Y T, et al. Nitrogen removal from optoelectronic wastewater using the simultaneous partial nitrification,anaerobic ammonium oxidation and denitrification(SNAD)process in sequencing batch reactor, Bioresource Technology, 2012,113:225-231.
[6] Wen X, Gong B Z, Zhou J, et al. Efficient simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification(SNAD)system equipped with a real-time dissolved oxygen(DO)intelligent control system and microbial community shifts of different substrate concentrations[J].Water Research, 2017,119:201-211.
[7] Ding S Z, Bao P, Wang B, et al. Long-term stable simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification(SNAD)process treatingreal domestic sewage using suspended activated sludge[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018,339:180-188.
[8] Wang G, Xu X C, Gong Z, et al. Study of simultaneous partial nitrification, ANAMMOX and denitrification(SNAD)process in an intermittent aeration membrane bioreactor[J]. Process Biochemistry,2016,51:632-641.
[9] Liang Y H, Li D, Zhang X J, et al. Microbial characteristics and nitrogen removal of simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification(SNAD)process treating low C/N ratio sewage[J].Bioresource Technology, 2014,169:103-109.
[10] Wang D, Wang G W, Yang F L, et al. Treatment of municipal sewage with low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio via simultaneous partial nitrification,anaerobic ammonia oxidation, and denitrification(SNAD)in a non-woven rotating biological contactor[J]. Chemosphere, 2018, 208:854-861.
[11] Chen W H, Chiang Y A, Huang Y T, et al. Tertiary nitrogen removal using simultaneous partial nitrification,anammox and denitrification(SNAD)process in packed bed reactor[J]. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 2017,120:36-42.
[12] Daverey A, Chen Y C, Dutta K, et al. Start-up of simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification(SNAD)process in sequencing batch biofilm reactor using novel biomass carriers[J].Bioresource Technology, 2015,190:480-486.
[13]张瑞娜,李琳,刘俊新.单宁酸铁吸附去除水中无机氮的性能与机制研究[J].环境科学,2015,36(11):4141-4147.Zhang R N, Li L, Liu J X. Performance and mechanism of ferric tannate in the removal of inorganic nitrogen from wastewater[J].Environmental Science, 2015,36(11):4141-4147.
[14] Zhang R N, Li L, Liu J X. Synthesis and characterization of ferric tannate as a novel porous adsorptive-catalyst for nitrogen removal from wastewater[J]. RSC Advances, 2015,5:40785-40791.
[15]郑照明,李军,侯爱月,等.城市生活污水SNAD生物膜脱氮特性[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(4):1322-1330.Zheng Z M, Li J, Hou A Y, et al. Nitrogen removal performance of SNAD biofilm cultured by domestic wastewater[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017,37(4):1322-1330.
[16] Huang X, Liu R, Qian Y. Behavior of soluble microbial products in a membrane bioreactor[J]. Process Biochemistry,2000,36(5):401-406.
[17]赵庆良,刘淑彦,王琨.复合式生物膜反应器中生物膜量、厚度及活性[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1999,32(6):39-43.Zhao Q L, Liu S Y, Wang K. Biomass, thickness and activity of biofilm in hybrid biofilm reactors[J]. Journal of Harbin University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 1999,32(6):39-43.
[18]崔玉雪,袁琦,唐媛,等.水源水生物预处理中填料生物量的测定方法探讨[J].给水排水,2009,35(10):29-31.Cui Y X, Yuan Q, Tang Y, et al. A study on measurement of biomass in the biological pretreatment process of source water[J]. Water and Wastewater, 2009,35(10):29-31.
[19] Chu Z R, Wang K, Li X K, et al. Microbial characterization of aggregates within a one-stage nitritation-anammox system using high-throughput amplicon sequencing[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,262(15):41-48.
[20] Lan C J, Kumar M, Wang C C, et al. Development of simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification(SNAD)process in a sequential batch reactor[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2011,102(9):5514-5519.
[21]李滨,赵志瑞,马斌,等.克隆文库方法分析厌氧氨氧化反应器中细菌群落结构[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(12):159-164.Li B, Zhao Z R, Ma B, et al. Analysis on bacterial diversity of an anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing reactor by use of 16S rDNA clone library[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2012,35(12):159-164.
[22]郑林雪,李军,胡家玮,等.同步硝化反硝化系统中反硝化细菌多样性研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(1):116-121.Zheng L X, Li J, Hu J W, et al. Analysis of denitrifying bacteria community composition in simultaneous nitrification and denitrification systems[J]. China Environmental Science, 2015,35(1):116-121.
[23] Du R,Peng Y,Cao S, et al. Mechanisms and microbial structure of partial denitrification with high nitrite accumulation[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2016,100(3):2011-2021.
[24] Ye Z, Wang F, Bi H, et al. Denitrification of nitrate-contaminated groundwater using a simple immobilized activated sludge bioreactor[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2012,66:517-524.
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