生物炭对元谋燥红壤土壤肥力与番茄生长的影响
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摘要
采用室内盆栽试验,分别在燥红壤中掺入稻壳(DK)、烟秆(YG)、橡胶木(XJ)3种不同的生物炭,每种生物炭共设置5个处理梯度(按炭土比1%、3%、5%、7%、10%添加),外加无生物炭添加的对照CK共16个处理,研究生物炭对燥红壤土壤肥力与番茄生长的影响。结果表明,稻壳炭10%处理土壤全磷较CK提升207.15%;烟秆生物炭10%处理对土壤全氮和速效钾较CK分别提升337.54%与360.56%;橡胶木生物炭10%处理对土壤有机质和速效磷较CK处理分别提升247.98%与394.36%。3种供试生物碳15种处理对土壤过氧化氢酶活性较CK处理下降24.89%-136.58%;土壤脲酶较CK处理除XJ1、XJ3与XJ7提升54.83%、3.22%和38.71%以外,其余各处理均比CK处理较低;土壤蔗糖酶活性较CK处理除YG10处理提高8.77%外,其余处理均低于CK处理水平。15种处理中橡胶木炭1%处理下的番茄植株生物量、根系体积、产量都达到最高,较CK相比分别提高120.00%、202.49%和368.62%。可得结论,生物炭的添加能够显著提高元谋燥红壤的土壤肥力,增加番茄产量,可以作为土壤改良剂在元谋地区应用。
Using indoor potted experiment method,put rice husk biochar(DK),tobacco stalk biochar(YG),rubber wood biochar(XJ) into red dry soil,each biochar were set up five processing gradient(by carbon soil ratio 1%,3%,5%,7%,10%)besides non-biochar added treatment CK,16 treatment in total,to study the biochar effects on tomato growth and fertility of dry red soil.The results showed that soil total phosphorus treated with 10% rice husk carbon increased by 207.15% compared with CK.Soil total nitrogen and available potassium increased by 337.54% and 360.56% respectively after 10% treatment with tobacco stalk biochar compared with CK,10% treatment with rubber wood biochar increased soil organic matter and available phosphorus by 247.98% and 394.36%,respectively.Compared with CK,the activity of soil catalase decreased by 24.89% to 136.58% in all 15 treatment.Compared with CK,soil urease increased by 54.83%,3.22% and 38.71% only in XJ1,XJ3 and XJ7.Soil sucrase activity was 8.77% higher than that of CK treatment only in YG10 treatment,all other treatments did not reached the CK treatment level.Among all 15 treatments,the biomass,root volume and yield of tomato plants were the highest under 1% rubber wood biochar treatment,which were 120.00%,202.49% and 368.62% higher than CK.
Using indoor potted experiment method,put rice husk biochar(DK),tobacco stalk biochar(YG),rubber wood biochar(XJ) into red dry soil,each biochar were set up five processing gradient(by carbon soil ratio 1%,3%,5%,7%,10%)besides non-biochar added treatment CK,16 treatment in total,to study the biochar effects on tomato growth and fertility of dry red soil.The results showed that soil total phosphorus treated with 10% rice husk carbon increased by 207.15% compared with CK.Soil total nitrogen and available potassium increased by 337.54% and 360.56% respectively after 10% treatment with tobacco stalk biochar compared with CK,10% treatment with rubber wood biochar increased soil organic matter and available phosphorus by 247.98% and 394.36%,respectively.Compared with CK,the activity of soil catalase decreased by 24.89% to 136.58% in all 15 treatment.Compared with CK,soil urease increased by 54.83%,3.22% and 38.71% only in XJ1,XJ3 and XJ7.Soil sucrase activity was 8.77% higher than that of CK treatment only in YG10 treatment,all other treatments did not reached the CK treatment level.Among all 15 treatments,the biomass,root volume and yield of tomato plants were the highest under 1% rubber wood biochar treatment,which were 120.00%,202.49% and 368.62% higher than CK.
引文
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[24]冯爱青,张民,路艳艳,等.控释氮用量及生物炭对玉米产量及土壤生物化学性质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(2):159-164.
[25]刘园,Jamal K M,靳海洋,等.秸秆生物炭对潮土作物产量和土壤性状的影响[J].土壤学报,2015,52(4):849-858.
[26]龚丝雨,钟思荣,张世川,等.增施生物炭对烤烟生长及产量、质量的影响[J].作物杂志,2018(2):154-160.
[27]勾茫茫,屈忠义.土壤中施用生物炭对番茄根系特征及产量的影响[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(8):1438-1352.
[28]Asai H,Samson B K,Stephan H M, et al.Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos:1.Soil physical properties,leaf SPAD and grain yield[J].Field Crops Research,2009,111(1):81-84.
[2]袁宇霞,张富仓,张燕,等.滴灌施肥灌水下限和施肥量对温室番茄生长、产量和生理特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(1):76-83.
[3]岳学文,潘志坚,李建查,等.有机肥添加对反季节番茄低声生物量分配的影响[J].热带农业科学,2017,37(7):6-9.
[4]张娜,李佳,刘学欢,等.生物炭对夏玉米生长和产量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(8):1569-1573.
[5]Glaser B,Haumaier L,Guggenberger G, et al.Black carbon in solis;the use of benzencarboxylic acids as specifc markers[J].Org Geo Chen,1998,29(4):811-819.
[6]IBI.Standardized product definition and product testing guidelines for biochar that is used in soil[S].New York:International Biochar Initiative,2012.
[7]Laird D A.The charoal vision:A win-win-win scenario for simultancously producing bioenergy,permanently sequestering carbon,while improving soil and water quality[J].Agronomy Journal,2008,100(1): 178-181.
[8]Kimetu J M,Lehmann J.Stability and stabilization of biochar and green manure in soil with different organic carbon contents[J].Australian Journal of Soil Research,2010,48(7): 577-585.
[9]Zakaria M,Solaiman,Daniel V, et al.Biochars influence seed germination and early growth of seedlings[J].Plant and Soil,2012,353(1/2):273-287.
[10]Baronti S,Alberti G,Genesio L, et al.The Italian Biochar Initiative:Effects on soil fertility and corps production[C]//2nd International Biochar Conference-IBI.Newcastle:2008.
[11]Tang G M,Ge C H,Xu W L, et al.Effect of applying biochar on the quality of grey desert soil and maize cropping in Xinjang,China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(9):1797-1802.
[12]Uzoma K C,Inoue M,Andry H, et al.Effect of cow manure biochar on maize productivity under sandy soil condition[J].Soil Use and Management,2011,27(2):205-212.
[13]李金文,顾凯,唐朝生,等.生物炭对土体物理化学性状影响的研究进展[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2018,52(1):192-206.
[14]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[15]张山泉,陈川,徐沭,等.硫酸-过氧化氢消化法测定植株氮磷钾方法的改进[J].土壤,2003(2):174-175.
[16]高菊生,徐明岗,董春华,等.长期稻-稻-轮作对水稻产量及土壤肥力的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(2):343-349.
[17]陈路红,苏凯文,郑伟,等.云南2种主要灌丛土壤有机碳分布特征及其影响因子研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2017,37(5):106-113.
[18]李甜江,胡志芳,戴益源,等.配方施肥对凤庆红花油茶幼林林分土壤的影响[J].西部林业科学,2018,47(1):86-91.
[19]袁晶晶,同延安,卢绍辉,等.生物炭与氮肥配施对土壤肥力及红枣产量、品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(2):468-475.
[20]Lehmann J,Da S J P,Steiner C, et al.Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaeological anthrosol and a ferralsol of Central Amazon basin:Fertilizer,manure and charcoal amendments[J].Plant and Soil,2003,249(2):343-357.
[21]Liu Y X,Tang X,Yang S M, et al.Research progress on the effect of biochar on soil phosphorus conversion and its me-chanism[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2016,22(6):1690-1695.
[22]Shang J,Geng Z C,Wang Y L, et al.Effect of Biochar Amendment on Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen and Enzyme Activity in Tier Soils[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(6):1142-1151.
[23]周震峰,王建超,饶潇潇.添加生物炭对土壤酶活性的影响[J].江西农业学报,2015,27(6):110-112.
[24]冯爱青,张民,路艳艳,等.控释氮用量及生物炭对玉米产量及土壤生物化学性质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(2):159-164.
[25]刘园,Jamal K M,靳海洋,等.秸秆生物炭对潮土作物产量和土壤性状的影响[J].土壤学报,2015,52(4):849-858.
[26]龚丝雨,钟思荣,张世川,等.增施生物炭对烤烟生长及产量、质量的影响[J].作物杂志,2018(2):154-160.
[27]勾茫茫,屈忠义.土壤中施用生物炭对番茄根系特征及产量的影响[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(8):1438-1352.
[28]Asai H,Samson B K,Stephan H M, et al.Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos:1.Soil physical properties,leaf SPAD and grain yield[J].Field Crops Research,2009,111(1):81-84.