碳化作用下混凝土的微生物表面处理
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摘要
利用脲解型微生物的成矿效应对碳化后的混凝土表面进行处理.测试了处理后混凝土的毛细吸水、抗水渗透和快速氯离子渗透性,并测定了表面接触角,综合分析了表面产物的微观形貌和组成.结果表明,碳化和微生物表面处理均能提高混凝土抗渗性能并降低吸水性,后者形成了粗大的方解石晶体并紧密附着在混凝土表面.碳化并不影响微生物成矿产物的晶型和形貌,然而是否碳化却对微生物表面处理后混凝土的吸水和抗渗行为有不同的作用规律.碳化后再进行微生物表面处理,混凝土表层吸水系数的降低幅度相比未碳化直接处理更高,其主要原因在于微生物表面处理能够改善碳化所带来的亲水问题.
In this paper, the mineralization effects of ureolytic type microorganism were employed in the surface treatment of concrete after carbonation. The capillary water absorption, resistance to water permeation, and rapid chloride permeation(RCP) of concrete were tested after treatment. The contact angle of the surfaces was measured. The morphology and composition of the deposits were comprehensively studied. The results show that both carbonation and microbial surface treatment can increase the resistance to permeability while reducing the water absorption of concrete. Large calcite crystals, which tightly adhered to the concrete surfaces, are formed by microbial treatment. Carbonation has no impact on the crystalline and morphology of microbial precipitates. However, after microbial surface treatment, different effects are observed on the water absorption and permeation of concrete with or without carbonation. When microbial surface treatment is performed after carbonation, the range of further reduction in terms of water absorption coefficient is higher compared with the reduction by the treatment on uncarbonated concrete. The main reason for this phenomenon is that the degree of hydrophilicity of concrete after carbonation decreases after microbial surface treatment.
In this paper, the mineralization effects of ureolytic type microorganism were employed in the surface treatment of concrete after carbonation. The capillary water absorption, resistance to water permeation, and rapid chloride permeation(RCP) of concrete were tested after treatment. The contact angle of the surfaces was measured. The morphology and composition of the deposits were comprehensively studied. The results show that both carbonation and microbial surface treatment can increase the resistance to permeability while reducing the water absorption of concrete. Large calcite crystals, which tightly adhered to the concrete surfaces, are formed by microbial treatment. Carbonation has no impact on the crystalline and morphology of microbial precipitates. However, after microbial surface treatment, different effects are observed on the water absorption and permeation of concrete with or without carbonation. When microbial surface treatment is performed after carbonation, the range of further reduction in terms of water absorption coefficient is higher compared with the reduction by the treatment on uncarbonated concrete. The main reason for this phenomenon is that the degree of hydrophilicity of concrete after carbonation decreases after microbial surface treatment.
引文
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[2] QIAN C, WANG J, WANG R, et al. Corrosion protection of cement-based building materials by surface deposition of CaCO3 by bacillus pasteurii[J]. Materials Science & Engineering C, 2009, 29(4): 1273.
[3] AGUIAR J B. Coatings for concrete protection against aggressive environments[J]. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 2008, 6(1): 243.
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[13] MUYNCK W D, COX K, BELIE N D, et al. Bacterial carbonate precipitation as an alternative surface treatment for concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2008, 22(5): 875.
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[15] WANG R. Study on microbiological precipitation of CaCO3[J]. Journal of Southeast University, 2005, 35(S1): 191.
[16] XU J, YAO W, JIANG Z W. Non-ureolytic bacterial carbonate precipitation as a surface treatment strategy on cementitious materials[J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2014, 26(5): 983.
[17] DE MUYNCK W, COX K, BELIE N D, et al. Bacterial carbonate precipitation as an alternative surface treatment for concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2008, 22(5): 875.
[18] 王瑞兴, 钱春香. 微生物沉积碳酸钙修复水泥基材料表面缺陷[J]. 硅酸盐学报, 2008, 36(4): 37. WANG Ruixing, QIAN Chunxiang. Restoration of defects on the surface of cement-based materials by microbiologically precipitated CaCO3[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2008, 36(4): 37.
[19] CLAISSE P A, EL-SAYAD H, SHAABAN I G. Permeability and pore volume of carbonated concrete[J]. ACI Materials Journal, 1999, 96(3): 378.
[20] SONG H W, KWON S J. Permeability characteristics of carbonated concrete considering capillary pore structure[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2007, 37(6): 909.
[21] JOHANNESSON B, UTGENANNT P. Microstructural changes caused by carbonation of cement mortar[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2001, 31(6): 925.
[22] SMARZEWSKI P, BARNAT-HUNEK D. Mechanical and durability related properties of high performance concrete made with coal cinder and waste foundry sand[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 121(5): 9.
[23] DE MUYNCK W, DEBROUWER D, DE BELIE N, et al. Bacterial carbonate precipitation improves the durability of cementitious materials[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2008, 38(7): 1005.
[24] CHUNXIANG Q, JIANYUN W, RUIXING W, et al. Corrosion protection of cement-based building materials by surface deposition of CaCO3 by Bacillus pasteurii[J]. Materials Science and Engineering, 2009, 29(4): 1273.
[25] WANG R X, QIAN C X, WANG J Y. Bio-deposition of a calcite layer on cement-based materials by brushing with agar-immobilised bacteria[J]. Advances in Cement Research, 2011, 23(4): 185.
[26] DE MUYNCK W, COX K, DE BELIE N, et al. Bacterial carbonate precipitation as an alternative surface treatment for concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2008, 22(10): 875.
[2] QIAN C, WANG J, WANG R, et al. Corrosion protection of cement-based building materials by surface deposition of CaCO3 by bacillus pasteurii[J]. Materials Science & Engineering C, 2009, 29(4): 1273.
[3] AGUIAR J B. Coatings for concrete protection against aggressive environments[J]. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 2008, 6(1): 243.
[4] IBRAHIM M, AL-GAHTANI A S, MASLEHUDDIN M, et al. Use of surface treatment materials to improve concrete durability[J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 1999, 11(1): 36.
[5] MUYNCK W D, DEBROUWER D, BELIE N D, et al. Bacterial carbonate precipitation improves the durability of cementitious materials[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2008, 38(7): 1005.
[6] PAN X, SHI Z, SHI C, et al. A review on concrete surface treatment. Part Ⅰ: types and mechanisms[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2017, 132(8): 578.
[7] PAN X, SHI Z, SHI C, et al. A review on surface treatment for concrete. Part 2: Performance[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2017, 133(2): 81.
[8] 徐晶, 姚武. 微生物非脲解作用诱导碳酸钙沉积研究[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 41(10): 1542. XU Jing, YAO Wu. Non-ureolytic microbiologically-induced calcium carbonate precipitation[J]. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2013, 41(10): 103.
[9] MTAYER-LEVREL G L, CASTANIER S, ORIAL G, et al. Applications of bacterial carbonatogenesis to the protection and regeneration of limestones in buildings and historic patrimony[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 1999, 126(1/4): 25.
[10] DICK J, DE WINDT W, DE GRAEF B, et al. Bio-deposition of a calcium carbonate layer on degraded limestone by bacillus species[J]. Biodegradation, 2006, 17(4): 357.
[11] CHEN H, QIAN C, HUANG H. Self-healing cementitious materials based on bacteria and nutrients immobilized respectively[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 126(3): 297.
[12] WILLIAMS S L, KIRISITS M J, FERRON R D. Influence of concrete-related environmental stressors on biomineralizing bacteria used in self-healing concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2017, 139(S C): 611.
[13] MUYNCK W D, COX K, BELIE N D, et al. Bacterial carbonate precipitation as an alternative surface treatment for concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2008, 22(5): 875.
[14] NEMATI M, VOORDOUW G. Modification of porous media permeability, using calcium carbonate produced enzymatically in situ[J]. Enzyme & Microbial Technology, 2003, 33(5): 635.
[15] WANG R. Study on microbiological precipitation of CaCO3[J]. Journal of Southeast University, 2005, 35(S1): 191.
[16] XU J, YAO W, JIANG Z W. Non-ureolytic bacterial carbonate precipitation as a surface treatment strategy on cementitious materials[J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2014, 26(5): 983.
[17] DE MUYNCK W, COX K, BELIE N D, et al. Bacterial carbonate precipitation as an alternative surface treatment for concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2008, 22(5): 875.
[18] 王瑞兴, 钱春香. 微生物沉积碳酸钙修复水泥基材料表面缺陷[J]. 硅酸盐学报, 2008, 36(4): 37. WANG Ruixing, QIAN Chunxiang. Restoration of defects on the surface of cement-based materials by microbiologically precipitated CaCO3[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2008, 36(4): 37.
[19] CLAISSE P A, EL-SAYAD H, SHAABAN I G. Permeability and pore volume of carbonated concrete[J]. ACI Materials Journal, 1999, 96(3): 378.
[20] SONG H W, KWON S J. Permeability characteristics of carbonated concrete considering capillary pore structure[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2007, 37(6): 909.
[21] JOHANNESSON B, UTGENANNT P. Microstructural changes caused by carbonation of cement mortar[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2001, 31(6): 925.
[22] SMARZEWSKI P, BARNAT-HUNEK D. Mechanical and durability related properties of high performance concrete made with coal cinder and waste foundry sand[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 121(5): 9.
[23] DE MUYNCK W, DEBROUWER D, DE BELIE N, et al. Bacterial carbonate precipitation improves the durability of cementitious materials[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2008, 38(7): 1005.
[24] CHUNXIANG Q, JIANYUN W, RUIXING W, et al. Corrosion protection of cement-based building materials by surface deposition of CaCO3 by Bacillus pasteurii[J]. Materials Science and Engineering, 2009, 29(4): 1273.
[25] WANG R X, QIAN C X, WANG J Y. Bio-deposition of a calcite layer on cement-based materials by brushing with agar-immobilised bacteria[J]. Advances in Cement Research, 2011, 23(4): 185.
[26] DE MUYNCK W, COX K, DE BELIE N, et al. Bacterial carbonate precipitation as an alternative surface treatment for concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2008, 22(10): 875.
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