微塑料与水中污染物的联合作用研究进展
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摘要
微塑料(直径<5mm的塑料)因其吸附、迁移性能和生物毒性成为目前研究的热点。微塑料进入水体后,会与水中的持久性污染物和重金属进行相互作用,与它们单独作用于生物的毒性效应不同。本文从微塑料对污染物的富集、迁移以及微塑料与污染物的联合毒性效应方面,对微塑料与污染物的联合作用进行了总结。环境中的微塑料能通过吸附作用富集水中有机污染物和金属离子,该过程主要受微塑料自身性质、塑料的老化程度、污染物的空间分布和其他环境条件的影响。污染物能以微塑料为载体在环境和生物体间迁移,包括空间上的转移和生物体内的转移。微塑料与污染物联合作用于生物体时,会通过增加摄入浓度、加剧组织损伤和降低机体抗性等方式增强污染物对生物体的毒性效应,或者通过降低污染物接触浓度、污染物或共污染物的生物可利用性减缓污染物对生物体的毒性效应。未来应对微塑料的吸附行为、相互作用机制以及评价方法、生物积累和慢性毒性进行探究。
Microplastics, plastic particles with diameters of <5 mm, have received an increasing concern because of their adsorption and migration properties and biological toxicity. After transferring into water, microplastics will interact with persistent pollutants and heavy metals, effecting differently from what they do alone on organisms. Here we summarized the enrichment and migration of microplastics and the combined toxicity microplastics with pollutants. Microplastics in environment can enrich the organic pollutants and metal ions in water by adsorption. The process is mainly affected by the nature of microplastics, the aging of plastics, the spatial distribution of pollutants and other environmental conditions. Pollutants can migrate between environment and organisms with microplastics as vectors, which involves spatial biological transfers. The combination of microplastics and contaminants in organisms enhances the toxic effect of contaminants on organisms by increasing the concentration of ingestion and tissue damage and reducing the resistance of organism. Such combination can also reduce the toxic effect of contaminants on organisms by reducing the concentration of contaminants and contaminants and co-contaminant bioavailability. The future research should focus on the adsorption behavior of microplastics, interaction mechanism and evaluation methods, biological accumulation and chronic toxicity.
Microplastics, plastic particles with diameters of <5 mm, have received an increasing concern because of their adsorption and migration properties and biological toxicity. After transferring into water, microplastics will interact with persistent pollutants and heavy metals, effecting differently from what they do alone on organisms. Here we summarized the enrichment and migration of microplastics and the combined toxicity microplastics with pollutants. Microplastics in environment can enrich the organic pollutants and metal ions in water by adsorption. The process is mainly affected by the nature of microplastics, the aging of plastics, the spatial distribution of pollutants and other environmental conditions. Pollutants can migrate between environment and organisms with microplastics as vectors, which involves spatial biological transfers. The combination of microplastics and contaminants in organisms enhances the toxic effect of contaminants on organisms by increasing the concentration of ingestion and tissue damage and reducing the resistance of organism. Such combination can also reduce the toxic effect of contaminants on organisms by reducing the concentration of contaminants and contaminants and co-contaminant bioavailability. The future research should focus on the adsorption behavior of microplastics, interaction mechanism and evaluation methods, biological accumulation and chronic toxicity.
引文
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[36] Deheyn D D,Latz M I.Bioavailability of metals along a contamination gradient in San Diego Bay (California,USA)[J].Chemosphere,2006,63(5):818.
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