中国农业的生态化转型与发展生态农业新视野
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摘要
本研究从我国农业发展的现实状况出发,分析了我国农业发展成就与存在的问题,并在充分吸收国外农业发展的成功经验与教训基础上,提出了发展我国农业生态化转型的路径选择与发展现代生态农业的新视野。讨论了现代农业生态学的主流思想及其在现代生态农业实践中的应用,并强调应加强协作攻关,探索一套切实可行的环境友好型和资源节约型的技术体系用于生态农业建设与实践。特别强调在推进乡村振兴,促进生态产业化向产业生态化发展的进程中,应着力研究并建立适合各地实际的生态文明制度,保证乡村生态资源有效保护,促进生态产品价值的有效转化,为乡村产业兴旺,农民生活富裕提供良好环境和经济支撑。
Based on the reality of agricultural development of China, we analyzed the achievements and problems of agricultural development and put forward a selected path for the transition of agricultural systems to ecologicalization. This new paradigm of developing modern ecological agriculture(agro-ecology) in China was created on the basis of full absorption of successful experiences and lessons learnt from agricultural development in other countries. We also discussed the mainstream ideas of modern agro-ecology and its application in the practice of modern ecological agriculture. At the same time, we emphasized the strengthening of cooperation to tackle key problems and explored a set of practical and feasible environment-friendly and resource-conserving technology systems for the construction and practice of agro-ecology. Special emphasis and elaboration were necessary to promote the transition of ecological industrialization to the industrial ecologicalization. Moreover, we focused on research and establishment of ecological civilization systems suitable for rural actualization of effective protection of ecological resources. Therefore, promoting research and development of ecological products that effectively transforms ecological values to provide good environmental conditions and economic support for rural revitalization, industrial prosperity and well-off farmers was critical for any success in this direction.
Based on the reality of agricultural development of China, we analyzed the achievements and problems of agricultural development and put forward a selected path for the transition of agricultural systems to ecologicalization. This new paradigm of developing modern ecological agriculture(agro-ecology) in China was created on the basis of full absorption of successful experiences and lessons learnt from agricultural development in other countries. We also discussed the mainstream ideas of modern agro-ecology and its application in the practice of modern ecological agriculture. At the same time, we emphasized the strengthening of cooperation to tackle key problems and explored a set of practical and feasible environment-friendly and resource-conserving technology systems for the construction and practice of agro-ecology. Special emphasis and elaboration were necessary to promote the transition of ecological industrialization to the industrial ecologicalization. Moreover, we focused on research and establishment of ecological civilization systems suitable for rural actualization of effective protection of ecological resources. Therefore, promoting research and development of ecological products that effectively transforms ecological values to provide good environmental conditions and economic support for rural revitalization, industrial prosperity and well-off farmers was critical for any success in this direction.
引文
[1]于宁宁.日本农业转型:原因、特征与启示[J].世界农业,2014,(1):27-30YU N N.The transition of Japan’s agriculture:Reasons,characteristics and enlightenment[J].World Agriculture,2014,(1):27-30
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[3]曹占伟.试析二战后法国农业现代化转型的经验[J].农业考古,2013,(3):229-231CAO Z W.An analysis of the agricultural modernization experience in French after World WarⅡ[J].Agricultural Archaeology,2013,(3):229-231
[4]李德炎.资本的空间生产及其伦理意蕴探析--从《1857-1858年经济学手稿》到当代[J].理论月刊,2018,(9):5-11LI D Y.Spatial production of capital and its ethical implications:From Economics Manuscript 1857-1858 to contemporary era[J].Theory Monthly,2018,(9):5-11
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[6]LIM J Y.Agroecology:Key Concepts,Principles and Practices[M].Penang:Third World Network and SOCLA,2015:1-46
[7]李丽纯.后现代农业视角下的中国农业现代化效益水平测评[J].农业经济问题,2013,34(12):7-14LI L C.The evaluation of the benefit level of China’s agricultural modernization from the perspective of postmodern agriculture[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2013,34(12):7-14
[8]徐介介.我国农业化发展现状及对策[J].农家参谋,2017,(13):249XU J J.Current situation and countermeasure of agricultural development in China[J].Peasant Adviser,2017,(13):249
[9]郑秀兴.复混肥料(复合肥料)质量提升探讨[J].磷肥与复肥,2018,(9):1-5ZHENG X X.Discussion on quality improvement of compound fertilize[J].Phosphate&Compound Fertilizer,2018,(9):1-5
[10]温铁军.农业的困境到底是谁造成的[J].中国乡村发现,2015,(4):22-25WEN T J.Who caused the predicament of agriculture[J].Rural China Discovery,2015,(4):22-25
[11]窦营,邓远建,陈胜.中国农业环境污染现状及治理的科技创新路径[J].科学管理研究,2016,34(4):76-79DOU Y,DENG Y J,CHEN S.China’s agricultural environment pollution present situation and the technological innovation path[J].Scientific Management Research,2016,34(4):76-79
[12]彭成圆,蒋黎,王晓君.新时代我国农业发展亟待破解的若干问题思考--兼论完善我国农产品价格机制[J].价格理论与实践,2018,(1):49-52PENG C Y,JIANG L,WANG X J.Some major contradictions and problems that need to be solved in the development of agriculture during“the New Epoch”in China-On the improvement of the price mechanism of agricultural products in China[J].Price:Theory&Practice,2018,(1):49-52
[13]SILICI L.Agroecology:What it is and what it has to offer[C]//IIED Issue Paper.London:IIED,2014:1-26
[14]温铁军.农村被“化”掉,再有危机恐将硬着陆[N].中国经营报,2012-12-17WEN T J.Rural areas have been“transformed”,there may be a hard landing after another crisis[N].China Business,2012-12-17
[15]韩俊.以习近平“三农”思想为根本遵循实施好乡村振兴战略[J].管理世界,2018,34(8):1-10HAN J.We will follow and implement the strategy of revitalizing rural areas in line with XI Jinping’s thoughts on agriculture,rural areas and farmers[J].Management World,2018,34(8):1-10
[16]GLIESSMAN S R.Agroecology:A global movement for food security and sovereignty[C]//Proceedings of the FAO International Symposium.Rome:FAO,2014:1-4
[17]WADE L.Agroecological approaches to breeding:Crop,mixture and systems design for improved fitness,sustainable intensification,ecosystem services,and food and nutrition security[C]//Proceedings of the FAO International Symposium.Rome:FAO,2014:89-103
[18]MAPFUMO P.MTAMBANENGWE F,NEZOMBA H,et al.Creating virtuous cycles in smallholder production systems through agroecology[C]//Proceedings of the FAO International Symposium.Rome:FAO,2014:50-72
[19]SEMEDO M H.The FAO Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 2016-2020[M].Rome:FAO,2016:1-14
[20]TITTONELL P.Food security and ecosystem services in a changing world:It is time for agroecology[C]//Proceedings of the FAO International Symposium.Rome:FAO,2014:15-35
[21]HAINZELINE E.Enhancing the function and provisioning of ecosystem services in agriculture:Aagroecological principles[C]//Proceedings of the FAO International Symposium.Rome:FAO,2014:35-49
[22]LUO S M.Agroecological rice production in China:Restoring biological interactions[C]//Proceedings of the FAO International Symposium.Rome:FAO,2018:73-88
[2]张攀春.资源禀赋与农业现代化路径选择:来自国外的经验借鉴[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(3):250-254ZHANG P C.Resources endowment and path choice of agricultural modernization:Experiences from foreign countries[J].Jiangsu Agriculture Sciences,2017,45(3):250-254
[3]曹占伟.试析二战后法国农业现代化转型的经验[J].农业考古,2013,(3):229-231CAO Z W.An analysis of the agricultural modernization experience in French after World WarⅡ[J].Agricultural Archaeology,2013,(3):229-231
[4]李德炎.资本的空间生产及其伦理意蕴探析--从《1857-1858年经济学手稿》到当代[J].理论月刊,2018,(9):5-11LI D Y.Spatial production of capital and its ethical implications:From Economics Manuscript 1857-1858 to contemporary era[J].Theory Monthly,2018,(9):5-11
[5]CARDOSO I M,MENDES F.People managing landscapes:Agroecology and social processes[C]//Proceedings of the FAO International Symposium.Rome:FAO,2014:73-88
[6]LIM J Y.Agroecology:Key Concepts,Principles and Practices[M].Penang:Third World Network and SOCLA,2015:1-46
[7]李丽纯.后现代农业视角下的中国农业现代化效益水平测评[J].农业经济问题,2013,34(12):7-14LI L C.The evaluation of the benefit level of China’s agricultural modernization from the perspective of postmodern agriculture[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2013,34(12):7-14
[8]徐介介.我国农业化发展现状及对策[J].农家参谋,2017,(13):249XU J J.Current situation and countermeasure of agricultural development in China[J].Peasant Adviser,2017,(13):249
[9]郑秀兴.复混肥料(复合肥料)质量提升探讨[J].磷肥与复肥,2018,(9):1-5ZHENG X X.Discussion on quality improvement of compound fertilize[J].Phosphate&Compound Fertilizer,2018,(9):1-5
[10]温铁军.农业的困境到底是谁造成的[J].中国乡村发现,2015,(4):22-25WEN T J.Who caused the predicament of agriculture[J].Rural China Discovery,2015,(4):22-25
[11]窦营,邓远建,陈胜.中国农业环境污染现状及治理的科技创新路径[J].科学管理研究,2016,34(4):76-79DOU Y,DENG Y J,CHEN S.China’s agricultural environment pollution present situation and the technological innovation path[J].Scientific Management Research,2016,34(4):76-79
[12]彭成圆,蒋黎,王晓君.新时代我国农业发展亟待破解的若干问题思考--兼论完善我国农产品价格机制[J].价格理论与实践,2018,(1):49-52PENG C Y,JIANG L,WANG X J.Some major contradictions and problems that need to be solved in the development of agriculture during“the New Epoch”in China-On the improvement of the price mechanism of agricultural products in China[J].Price:Theory&Practice,2018,(1):49-52
[13]SILICI L.Agroecology:What it is and what it has to offer[C]//IIED Issue Paper.London:IIED,2014:1-26
[14]温铁军.农村被“化”掉,再有危机恐将硬着陆[N].中国经营报,2012-12-17WEN T J.Rural areas have been“transformed”,there may be a hard landing after another crisis[N].China Business,2012-12-17
[15]韩俊.以习近平“三农”思想为根本遵循实施好乡村振兴战略[J].管理世界,2018,34(8):1-10HAN J.We will follow and implement the strategy of revitalizing rural areas in line with XI Jinping’s thoughts on agriculture,rural areas and farmers[J].Management World,2018,34(8):1-10
[16]GLIESSMAN S R.Agroecology:A global movement for food security and sovereignty[C]//Proceedings of the FAO International Symposium.Rome:FAO,2014:1-4
[17]WADE L.Agroecological approaches to breeding:Crop,mixture and systems design for improved fitness,sustainable intensification,ecosystem services,and food and nutrition security[C]//Proceedings of the FAO International Symposium.Rome:FAO,2014:89-103
[18]MAPFUMO P.MTAMBANENGWE F,NEZOMBA H,et al.Creating virtuous cycles in smallholder production systems through agroecology[C]//Proceedings of the FAO International Symposium.Rome:FAO,2014:50-72
[19]SEMEDO M H.The FAO Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 2016-2020[M].Rome:FAO,2016:1-14
[20]TITTONELL P.Food security and ecosystem services in a changing world:It is time for agroecology[C]//Proceedings of the FAO International Symposium.Rome:FAO,2014:15-35
[21]HAINZELINE E.Enhancing the function and provisioning of ecosystem services in agriculture:Aagroecological principles[C]//Proceedings of the FAO International Symposium.Rome:FAO,2014:35-49
[22]LUO S M.Agroecological rice production in China:Restoring biological interactions[C]//Proceedings of the FAO International Symposium.Rome:FAO,2018:73-88
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