水溶性两亲聚合物稠油乳化剂的制备及驱油效率
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摘要
为了提高稠油采收率、避免ASP三元复合体系在油藏中的色谱分离现象,以丙烯酰胺(AM)、苯乙烯磺酸纳(PSS)、甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、2-丙烯酰胺基十二烷基磺酸钠C_(12)AMPS为单体,采用水溶液自由基聚合法制备了含刚性基团的水溶性两亲聚合物稠油降黏剂P(AM-MAA-PS-C_(12)AMPS)。采用红外光谱(FTIR)仪分析了合成聚合物的分子结构,评价了合成聚合物溶液的性能(增黏性、界面活性、耐温耐盐性和热稳定性),并考察了两亲聚合物驱及两亲聚合物驱增效蒸汽驱效果。研究结果表明,合成两亲聚合物的黏均相对分子质量是12×10~4g/mol,热降解温度为223℃。质量浓度1000 mg/L的两亲聚合物溶液与大庆原油间界面张力为0.132 mN/m。由于两亲聚合物中表面活性单体C_(14)AMPS单元含量高,聚合物以分子内缔合为主,合成两亲聚合物的相对分子质量较低,其增黏能力不如高分子量疏水缔合聚合物AP-P4的,质量浓度1500 mg/L的两亲聚合物溶液对水测渗透率330×10~(-3)μm~2填砂管的阻力系数为51.6,残余阻力系数为16.5,具有良好的流度控制能力。在45℃下用渗透率300×10~(-3)μm~2的非均质方岩心模拟大庆条件驱替实验表明,在注入量0.6 PV时,质量浓度1500 mg/L两亲聚合物驱提高采收率(18.94%)与大庆ASP三元复合驱的(20.18%)接近,是一种三元复合驱的有效接替技术。在250℃下将1000×10~(-3)μm~2高温填砂管用于旅大超稠油降黏蒸汽驱吞吐,注入0.2 PV的质量浓度1500 mg/L的两亲聚合物稠油降黏剂闷井5 h再进行蒸汽驱,驱油效率比单纯蒸汽驱的提高了27%,是一种低成本的提高采收率技术。图11表3参19
In order to enhance heavy oil recovery and avoid the chromatographic separation of the alkaline,surfactant,polyacrylamide(ASP) compound flooding in the reservoir,a new amphiphilic block copolymer(ABC)with hindrance group was synthesized by free radical reaction of acrylamide(AM),methyl acrylate(MAA),phenylethylene sufolnate sodium(PSS)and unsaturated surfactant monomer 2-(acrylamido)-dodecanesulfonic acid C_(12)AMPS. The structure of the ABC was determined by FTIR. The properties of the ABC solution,including viscosity increasing,interfacial ability,temperature and salinity tolerance,and thermal stability were investigated. The ABC flooding and ABC flooding + steam flooding was carried out. The viscosity average molecular weight of the ABC was 12 × 10~4 g/mol. Thermal analysis showed the ABC decomposed at the temperature of 223℃,which was applicable for cyclic steam stimulation. 1000 mg/L ABC could reduce interfacial tension between Daqing crude oil and the water to a value of 0.132 mN/m. Core flood tests showed the resistant factor and the residual resistant factor for 1500 mg/L amphiphilic polymer in the sand pack with the water phase permeability of 330×10~(-3)μm~2 was 51.6 and 16.5,respectively,which showed large profile modification effect. After water flooding,a slug of 0.6 PV ABC flooding with the concentration of 1500 mg/L was injected and the enhanced oil recovery was 18.94%,which was similar to that of ASP flooding(20.18%),indicating that The ABC flooding was an alternative method for ASP flooding. The oil recovery of the 1500 mg/L ABC(0.2 PV,stew time 5 h)modified steam flooding in the sand pack with the water phase permeability of 1000×10~(-3)μm~2 was 27% higher than that of the pure steam flooding,which showed that the ABC flooding was a high performance EOR technique.
In order to enhance heavy oil recovery and avoid the chromatographic separation of the alkaline,surfactant,polyacrylamide(ASP) compound flooding in the reservoir,a new amphiphilic block copolymer(ABC)with hindrance group was synthesized by free radical reaction of acrylamide(AM),methyl acrylate(MAA),phenylethylene sufolnate sodium(PSS)and unsaturated surfactant monomer 2-(acrylamido)-dodecanesulfonic acid C_(12)AMPS. The structure of the ABC was determined by FTIR. The properties of the ABC solution,including viscosity increasing,interfacial ability,temperature and salinity tolerance,and thermal stability were investigated. The ABC flooding and ABC flooding + steam flooding was carried out. The viscosity average molecular weight of the ABC was 12 × 10~4 g/mol. Thermal analysis showed the ABC decomposed at the temperature of 223℃,which was applicable for cyclic steam stimulation. 1000 mg/L ABC could reduce interfacial tension between Daqing crude oil and the water to a value of 0.132 mN/m. Core flood tests showed the resistant factor and the residual resistant factor for 1500 mg/L amphiphilic polymer in the sand pack with the water phase permeability of 330×10~(-3)μm~2 was 51.6 and 16.5,respectively,which showed large profile modification effect. After water flooding,a slug of 0.6 PV ABC flooding with the concentration of 1500 mg/L was injected and the enhanced oil recovery was 18.94%,which was similar to that of ASP flooding(20.18%),indicating that The ABC flooding was an alternative method for ASP flooding. The oil recovery of the 1500 mg/L ABC(0.2 PV,stew time 5 h)modified steam flooding in the sand pack with the water phase permeability of 1000×10~(-3)μm~2 was 27% higher than that of the pure steam flooding,which showed that the ABC flooding was a high performance EOR technique.
引文
[1]朱有益,候庆峰.化学驱提高石油采收率技术基础研究及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2013:3-4.
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[3] ZHU Y,HOU Q,LIU W,et al. Recent progress and effects analysis of ASP flooding field tests[R]. SPE-151285-MS,2012.
[4] CO L,ZHANG Z,MA Q,et al. Evaluation of functionalized polymeric surfactants for EOR applications in the Illinois basin[J]. J Petrol Sci Eng,2015,22(6):116-120.
[5] RAFFA P, BROEKHUIS A A, PICCHIONI F. Polymeric surfactants for enhanced oil recovery:a review[J],J Petrol Sci Eng,2016,145(6):723-733.
[6]徐晓慧,张健,崔盈贤,等.两亲聚合物ICJN对原油的乳化与降黏作用研究[J].油田化学,2016,33(3):456-461.
[7]陈明贵,周智,杨光,等.两亲聚合物对非均质稠油油藏化学驱的适用性研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2015,22(6):116-120.
[8]杨光,张凤英,康晓东,等.多孔介质中两亲聚合物驱稠油渗流规律实验研究[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(5):61-65.
[9]陈登亚.渤海油田化学辅助热采提高稠油采收率可行性研究[M].武汉:长江大学,2016.
[10]何春百,张健,崔盈贤,等.海上油田蒸汽吞吐化学增效技术研究[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(5):172-176.
[11] GB/T 12005.1—1989,聚丙烯酰胺特性黏数测定方法[S].
[12] GB/T 12005.10—1992,聚丙烯酰胺分子量测定黏度法[S].
[13] SN/T 3003—2011,塑料/聚合物的热重分析法(TG)一般原则[S].
[14]陈明贵,吕行.非常规稠油开采用新型磺化疏水缔合聚合物的研制与性能评价[J].油田化学,2013,30(3):398-402.
[15] ZAITOUN A. POTIE B. Limiting conditions for the use of hydrolyzed polyacrylamides in brines containing divalent ions[R]. SPE 11785,1983.
[16] DOE P H, MORADI-ARAGHI A, SHAW, J E, et al.Development and evaluation of EOR polymers suitable for hostile environments Part 1:copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone and acrylamide[J]. SPE Res Eng,1987,2(4):461-467.
[17] SERIGHT R S,CAMPBELL A,MOZLEY P,et al. Stability of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides at elevated temperatures in the absence of divalent cations[J]. SPE J,2010,15(2):341-348.
[18] GAABOUR L H. Spectroscopic and thermal analysis of polyacrylamide/chitosan(PAM/CS)blend loaded by gold nanoparticles[J].Results Phys,2017(7):2153-2158.
[19] VOLPERT E,SELB J,CANDAU F,et al. Adsorption of hydrophobically associating polyacrylamides on clay[J].Langmuir,1998,14(7):1870-1879.
[2]程杰成,吴军政,胡俊卿,等.三元复合驱提高原油采收率关键理论与技术[J].石油学报,2014,35(2):310-318.
[3] ZHU Y,HOU Q,LIU W,et al. Recent progress and effects analysis of ASP flooding field tests[R]. SPE-151285-MS,2012.
[4] CO L,ZHANG Z,MA Q,et al. Evaluation of functionalized polymeric surfactants for EOR applications in the Illinois basin[J]. J Petrol Sci Eng,2015,22(6):116-120.
[5] RAFFA P, BROEKHUIS A A, PICCHIONI F. Polymeric surfactants for enhanced oil recovery:a review[J],J Petrol Sci Eng,2016,145(6):723-733.
[6]徐晓慧,张健,崔盈贤,等.两亲聚合物ICJN对原油的乳化与降黏作用研究[J].油田化学,2016,33(3):456-461.
[7]陈明贵,周智,杨光,等.两亲聚合物对非均质稠油油藏化学驱的适用性研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2015,22(6):116-120.
[8]杨光,张凤英,康晓东,等.多孔介质中两亲聚合物驱稠油渗流规律实验研究[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(5):61-65.
[9]陈登亚.渤海油田化学辅助热采提高稠油采收率可行性研究[M].武汉:长江大学,2016.
[10]何春百,张健,崔盈贤,等.海上油田蒸汽吞吐化学增效技术研究[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(5):172-176.
[11] GB/T 12005.1—1989,聚丙烯酰胺特性黏数测定方法[S].
[12] GB/T 12005.10—1992,聚丙烯酰胺分子量测定黏度法[S].
[13] SN/T 3003—2011,塑料/聚合物的热重分析法(TG)一般原则[S].
[14]陈明贵,吕行.非常规稠油开采用新型磺化疏水缔合聚合物的研制与性能评价[J].油田化学,2013,30(3):398-402.
[15] ZAITOUN A. POTIE B. Limiting conditions for the use of hydrolyzed polyacrylamides in brines containing divalent ions[R]. SPE 11785,1983.
[16] DOE P H, MORADI-ARAGHI A, SHAW, J E, et al.Development and evaluation of EOR polymers suitable for hostile environments Part 1:copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone and acrylamide[J]. SPE Res Eng,1987,2(4):461-467.
[17] SERIGHT R S,CAMPBELL A,MOZLEY P,et al. Stability of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides at elevated temperatures in the absence of divalent cations[J]. SPE J,2010,15(2):341-348.
[18] GAABOUR L H. Spectroscopic and thermal analysis of polyacrylamide/chitosan(PAM/CS)blend loaded by gold nanoparticles[J].Results Phys,2017(7):2153-2158.
[19] VOLPERT E,SELB J,CANDAU F,et al. Adsorption of hydrophobically associating polyacrylamides on clay[J].Langmuir,1998,14(7):1870-1879.