甘肃天水武山县南峪村的维曼嵌齿象及其生物地层学意义(英文)
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摘要
报道了甘肃天水地区武山县四门镇南峪村地点发现的一件残破的未成年维曼嵌齿象(Gomphotherium wimani)下颌,标本保存有完整的p3,dp4,m1齿列。颊齿齿冠显示出嵌齿象属(Gomphotherium)的一些进步特征,例如齿脊前后压缩,齿谷宽阔,副齿柱后中心小尖凸显,中附锥和中心小尖趋于分裂,有弱的白垩质发育,符合维曼嵌齿象的鉴定特征。维曼嵌齿象此前发现于甘肃的中中新统,而南峪村地点的含化石地层可与周围其他地点的中中新统对比,因此,南峪村地点维曼嵌齿象层位的地质时代为中中新世。同时,结合孢粉学研究的结果,可能说明中中新世时期,天水地区气候温暖湿润,适宜低齿冠的哺乳类如嵌齿象等动物生存。
A fragmentary juvenile mandible referable to Gomphotherium wimani is described in this report. It was discovered at the Nanyucun Locality, Simen Township, Wushan County, Tianshui area, Gansu Province. Both the left and right p3, dp4, and m1 are completely preserved in this specimen. The cheek teeth show characters that are derived within the genus Gomphotherium, such as anteroposterior compression of lophids associated with wide interlophids, presence of weak posttrite central conules, multiplication of mesoconelets and central conules, and weak cementation. These features are consistent with the diagnosis of G. wimani. G. wimani was originally discovered in the Middle Miocene of Gansu, and the fossiliferous horizon within the Nanyucun exposures that yielded G. wimani can be correlated with strata at neighboring Middle Miocene localities. Therefore, the G. wimani horizon at Nanyucun should be dated to the Middle Miocene. In combination with palynological data, the discovery of G. wimani at the Nanyucun Locality implies that the paleoenvironment of the Tianshui area in the Middle Miocene was probably relatively warm and humid, suitable for large populations of brachyodont mammals such as gomphotheres.
A fragmentary juvenile mandible referable to Gomphotherium wimani is described in this report. It was discovered at the Nanyucun Locality, Simen Township, Wushan County, Tianshui area, Gansu Province. Both the left and right p3, dp4, and m1 are completely preserved in this specimen. The cheek teeth show characters that are derived within the genus Gomphotherium, such as anteroposterior compression of lophids associated with wide interlophids, presence of weak posttrite central conules, multiplication of mesoconelets and central conules, and weak cementation. These features are consistent with the diagnosis of G. wimani. G. wimani was originally discovered in the Middle Miocene of Gansu, and the fossiliferous horizon within the Nanyucun exposures that yielded G. wimani can be correlated with strata at neighboring Middle Miocene localities. Therefore, the G. wimani horizon at Nanyucun should be dated to the Middle Miocene. In combination with palynological data, the discovery of G. wimani at the Nanyucun Locality implies that the paleoenvironment of the Tianshui area in the Middle Miocene was probably relatively warm and humid, suitable for large populations of brachyodont mammals such as gomphotheres.
引文
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Pei W Z(裴文中),1987.Carnivora,Proboscidea and Rodentia from Liucheng Gigantopithecus Cave and other caves inGuangxi.Mem Inst Vert Palaeont Palaeoanthrop,Acad Sin(中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所集刊),18:5–134(in Chinese with English summary)
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Qiu Z X(邱占祥),Wang B Y(王伴月),Qiu Z D(邱铸鼎)et al.,1997.Recent advances in study of the Xianshuihe Formationin Lanzhou Basin.In:Tong Y S,Zhang Y Y,Wu W Y et al.eds.Evidence for Evolution—Essays in Honor of Prof.Chungchien Young on the Hundredth Anniversary of His Birth.Beijing:China Ocean Press.177–192(in Chinese withEnglish Abstract)
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Shoshani J,Tassy P,2005.Advances in proboscidean taxonomy&classification,anatomy&physiology,and ecology&behavior.Quat Int,126-128:5–20
Tassy P,1983.Les Elephantoidea Miocènes du Plateau du Potwar,Groups de Siwalik,Pakistan.IrePartie:Cadrechronologique et géographique,Mammutidés,Amébélodontidés.Ann Paléont,69(2):99–136
Tassy P,1985.La place des mastodontes miocènes de l’ancien monde dan la phylogénie de proboscidea(Mammalia):hypothèses et conjectures.Thèse Doctoratès Sciences.Paris:UPMC.1–861
Tassy P,1986.Nouveaux Elephantoidea(Proboscidea,Mammalia)dans le Miocène du Kenya:essai de réévaluationsystématique.Paris:Cahiers de Paléontologie.E'ditions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique(CNRS).1–135
Tassy P,1996a.Who is who among the Proboscidea.In:Shoshani J,Tassy P eds.The Proboscidea:Evolution andPalaeoecology of Elephants and Their Relatives.Oxford:Oxford University Press.39–48
Tassy P,1996b.The earliest gomphotheres.In:Shoshani J,Tassy P eds.The Proboscidea:Evolution and Palaeoecology ofElephants and Their Relatives.Oxford:Oxford University Press.89–91
Tassy P,1996c.Dental homologies and nomenclature in the Proboscidea.In:Shoshani J,Tassy P eds.The Proboscidea:Evolution and Palaeoecology of Elephants and Their Relatives.Oxford:Oxford University Press.21–25
Tassy P,1996d.Growth and sexual dimorphism among Miocene elephantoids:the example of Gomphotherium angustidens.In:Shoshani J,Tassy P eds.The Proboscidea:Evolution and Palaeoecology of Elephants and Their Relatives.Oxford:Oxford University Press.92–100
Teilhard de Chardin P,Trassaert M,1937.The proboscideans of south-east Shansi.Fossil Proboscidea from China.PalaeontSin,Ser C,13:6–26
Tobien H,1973a.On the evolution of mastodonts(Proboscidea,Mammalia).Part1:the bunodont trilophodont groups.Notizbl hess L-Amt Bodenforsch,101:202–276
Tobien H,1973b.The structure of the mastodont molar(Proboscidea,Mammalia).Part1:the bunodont patterns.MainzerGeowiss Mitt,2:115–147
Tobien H,Chen G F,Li Y Q,1986.Mastodonts(Proboscidea,Mammalia)from the late Neogene and Early Pleistoceneof the People’s Republic of China.Part I:historical account:the genera Gomphotherium,Choerolophodon,Synconolophus,Amebelodon,Platybelodon,Sinomastodon.Mainzer Geowiss Mitt,15:119–181
Tobien H,Chen G F,Li Y Q,1988.Mastodonts(Proboscidea,Mammalia)from the late Neogene and Early Pleistocene ofthe People’s Republic of China.Part II:historical account:the genera Tetralophodon,Anancus,Stegotetrabelodon,Zygolophodon,Mammut,Stegolodon.Mainzer Geowiss Mitt,17:95–220
Wang B Y(王伴月),Qiu Z X(邱占祥),2002.A new species of Platybelodon(Gomphotheriidae,Proboscidea,Mammalia)from Early Miocene of the Danghe area,Gansu,China.Vert PalAsiat(古脊椎动物学报),40(4):291–299(in Chinesewith English summary)
Wang S Q,Deng T,2011a.The first Choerolophodon(Proboscidea,Gomphotheriidae)skull from China.Sci China EarthSci,54(9):1326–1337
Wang S Q,Deng T,2011b.The fossil gomphotheres(Proboscidea,Mammalia)discovered from the Early Miocene of LinxiaBasin,China.In:World Conference on Paleontology and Stratigraphy,Abstract.Nakhon Ratchasima,Thailand:Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University.38–39
Wang S Q,He W,Chen S Q(in press).Platybelodon(Gomphotheriidae,Mammalia)from the Middle Miocene of LinxiaBasin,Gansu,China.Acta Palaeont Pol,http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.2011.0009
Ye J(叶捷),Jia H(贾航),1986.Platybelodon(Proboscidea,Mammalia)from the Middle Miocene of Tongxin,Ningxia.VertPalAsiat(古脊椎动物学报),24(2):103–110(in Chinese with English summary)
Zhai R J(翟人杰),1959.Discovery of Miocene mammals from Ching-An,eastern Kansu.Vert PalAsiat(古脊椎动物学报),1(3):139–140(in Chinese)
Zhai R J(翟人杰),1961.On a collection of Neogene mammals from Ching-An,eastern Kansu.Vert PalAsiat(古脊椎动物学报),(3):262–268(in Chinese with English summary)
Chang H T(张席褆),Zhai R J(翟人杰),1978.Miocene mastodonts of Lantian and Lintung,Shensi.Prof Pap StratigrPalaeont(地层古生物论文集),7:136–142(in Chinese)
Chen G F(陈冠芳),1978.Mastodont remains from the Miocene of Zhongning-Tongxin area in Ningxia.Vert PalAsiat(古脊椎动物学报),16(2):103–110(in Chinese)
Chen G F(陈冠芳),1999.Sinomastodon Tobien et al.,1986(Proboscidea,Mammalia)from the Pliocene and Early-MiddlePleistcene of China.In:Wang Y Q,Deng T eds.Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Chinese Society ofVertebrate Paleontology.Beijing:China Ocean Press.179–187(in Chinese with English summary)
Chow M C(周明镇),Zhang Y P(张玉萍),1974.Chinese Fossil Elephantoids.Beijing:Science Press.1–74(in Chinese)
G hlich U B,2010.The Proboscidea(Mammalia)from the Miocene of Sandelzhausen(southern Germany).Pal ont Z,84(1):163–204
Hopwood A T,1935.Fossil Proboscidea from China.Palaeont Sin,Ser C,9:19–25
Hui Z C,Li J J,Xu Q H et al.,2011.Miocene vegetation and climatic changes reconstructed from a sporopollen record ofthe Tianshui Basin,NE Tibetan Plateau.Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol,308:373–382
Kappelman J,Rasmussen D T,Sanders W J et al.,2003.Oligocene mammals from Ethiopia and faunal exchange betweenAfro-Arabia and Eurasia.Nature,426:549–552
Lambert W D,1996.The biogeography of the gomphotheriid proboscideans of North America.In:Shoshani J,Tassy P eds.The Proboscidea:Evolution and Palaeoecology of Elephants and Their Relatives.Oxford:Oxford University Press.143–148
Li Y H(李有恒),1976.A new species of Gomphotherium from Shanxi.Vert PalAsiat(古脊椎动物学报),14(1):67–70(inChinese)
Maglio V J,1973.Origin and evolution of the Elephantidae.Trans Am Philos Soc New Ser,63(3):1–149
Maglio V J,1974.A new proboscidean from the Late Miocene of Kenya.Palaeontology,17(3):699–705
Osborn H F,1924.Serridentinus and Baluchitherium,Loh Fomation,Mongolia.Am Mus Novit,(148):1–5
Osborn H F,1936.Proboscidea:a Monograph of the Discovery,Evolution,Migration and Extinction of the Mastodonts andElephants of the World.New York:The American Museum Press.1–802
Pei W Z(裴文中),1987.Carnivora,Proboscidea and Rodentia from Liucheng Gigantopithecus Cave and other caves inGuangxi.Mem Inst Vert Palaeont Palaeoanthrop,Acad Sin(中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所集刊),18:5–134(in Chinese with English summary)
Pickford M,2004.Partial dentition and skeleton of Choerolophodon pygmaeus(Depéret)from Ngenyin,13Ma,TugenHills,Kenya:resolution of a century old enigma.Zona Arqueologica:Miscelànea en Homenaje a Emiliano AguirrePaleontologia,4(2):428–463
Qiu Z X,Qiu Z D,1995.Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas.PalaeogeogrPalaeoclimatol Palaeoecol,116:41–70
Qiu Z X(邱占祥),Wang B Y(王伴月),Qiu Z D(邱铸鼎)et al.,1997.Recent advances in study of the Xianshuihe Formationin Lanzhou Basin.In:Tong Y S,Zhang Y Y,Wu W Y et al.eds.Evidence for Evolution—Essays in Honor of Prof.Chungchien Young on the Hundredth Anniversary of His Birth.Beijing:China Ocean Press.177–192(in Chinese withEnglish Abstract)
Sanders W J,Miller E R,2002.New proboscideans from the Early Miocene of Wadi Moghara,Egypt.J Vert Paleont,22(2):388–404
Shoshani J,Tassy P,2005.Advances in proboscidean taxonomy&classification,anatomy&physiology,and ecology&behavior.Quat Int,126-128:5–20
Tassy P,1983.Les Elephantoidea Miocènes du Plateau du Potwar,Groups de Siwalik,Pakistan.IrePartie:Cadrechronologique et géographique,Mammutidés,Amébélodontidés.Ann Paléont,69(2):99–136
Tassy P,1985.La place des mastodontes miocènes de l’ancien monde dan la phylogénie de proboscidea(Mammalia):hypothèses et conjectures.Thèse Doctoratès Sciences.Paris:UPMC.1–861
Tassy P,1986.Nouveaux Elephantoidea(Proboscidea,Mammalia)dans le Miocène du Kenya:essai de réévaluationsystématique.Paris:Cahiers de Paléontologie.E'ditions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique(CNRS).1–135
Tassy P,1996a.Who is who among the Proboscidea.In:Shoshani J,Tassy P eds.The Proboscidea:Evolution andPalaeoecology of Elephants and Their Relatives.Oxford:Oxford University Press.39–48
Tassy P,1996b.The earliest gomphotheres.In:Shoshani J,Tassy P eds.The Proboscidea:Evolution and Palaeoecology ofElephants and Their Relatives.Oxford:Oxford University Press.89–91
Tassy P,1996c.Dental homologies and nomenclature in the Proboscidea.In:Shoshani J,Tassy P eds.The Proboscidea:Evolution and Palaeoecology of Elephants and Their Relatives.Oxford:Oxford University Press.21–25
Tassy P,1996d.Growth and sexual dimorphism among Miocene elephantoids:the example of Gomphotherium angustidens.In:Shoshani J,Tassy P eds.The Proboscidea:Evolution and Palaeoecology of Elephants and Their Relatives.Oxford:Oxford University Press.92–100
Teilhard de Chardin P,Trassaert M,1937.The proboscideans of south-east Shansi.Fossil Proboscidea from China.PalaeontSin,Ser C,13:6–26
Tobien H,1973a.On the evolution of mastodonts(Proboscidea,Mammalia).Part1:the bunodont trilophodont groups.Notizbl hess L-Amt Bodenforsch,101:202–276
Tobien H,1973b.The structure of the mastodont molar(Proboscidea,Mammalia).Part1:the bunodont patterns.MainzerGeowiss Mitt,2:115–147
Tobien H,Chen G F,Li Y Q,1986.Mastodonts(Proboscidea,Mammalia)from the late Neogene and Early Pleistoceneof the People’s Republic of China.Part I:historical account:the genera Gomphotherium,Choerolophodon,Synconolophus,Amebelodon,Platybelodon,Sinomastodon.Mainzer Geowiss Mitt,15:119–181
Tobien H,Chen G F,Li Y Q,1988.Mastodonts(Proboscidea,Mammalia)from the late Neogene and Early Pleistocene ofthe People’s Republic of China.Part II:historical account:the genera Tetralophodon,Anancus,Stegotetrabelodon,Zygolophodon,Mammut,Stegolodon.Mainzer Geowiss Mitt,17:95–220
Wang B Y(王伴月),Qiu Z X(邱占祥),2002.A new species of Platybelodon(Gomphotheriidae,Proboscidea,Mammalia)from Early Miocene of the Danghe area,Gansu,China.Vert PalAsiat(古脊椎动物学报),40(4):291–299(in Chinesewith English summary)
Wang S Q,Deng T,2011a.The first Choerolophodon(Proboscidea,Gomphotheriidae)skull from China.Sci China EarthSci,54(9):1326–1337
Wang S Q,Deng T,2011b.The fossil gomphotheres(Proboscidea,Mammalia)discovered from the Early Miocene of LinxiaBasin,China.In:World Conference on Paleontology and Stratigraphy,Abstract.Nakhon Ratchasima,Thailand:Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University.38–39
Wang S Q,He W,Chen S Q(in press).Platybelodon(Gomphotheriidae,Mammalia)from the Middle Miocene of LinxiaBasin,Gansu,China.Acta Palaeont Pol,http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.2011.0009
Ye J(叶捷),Jia H(贾航),1986.Platybelodon(Proboscidea,Mammalia)from the Middle Miocene of Tongxin,Ningxia.VertPalAsiat(古脊椎动物学报),24(2):103–110(in Chinese with English summary)
Zhai R J(翟人杰),1959.Discovery of Miocene mammals from Ching-An,eastern Kansu.Vert PalAsiat(古脊椎动物学报),1(3):139–140(in Chinese)
Zhai R J(翟人杰),1961.On a collection of Neogene mammals from Ching-An,eastern Kansu.Vert PalAsiat(古脊椎动物学报),(3):262–268(in Chinese with English summary)