甘肃新生代气候环境变化与哺乳动物群演替
|
摘要
甘肃省境内新生代沉积中富含动物化石,以早渐新世晚期、晚渐新世、早中新世早期、中中新世晚期、晚中新世、早更新世和晚更新世的哺乳动物化石最为丰富。新生代青藏高原形成、快速隆升,改变了东亚的大气环流和中国的地理格局,使甘肃的气候和地理面貌发生了巨变。甘肃省境内的哺乳动物群在这些变化背景下发生了一次次的更替。本文通过对不同时代的动物群所代表的生态特征分析和结合沉积物佐证,推测了甘肃新生代的气候环境演变过程:古新世-早渐新世早期,海拔不高,气候炎热干燥,呈沙漠或干旱的荒漠环境;早渐新世晚期-早中新世早期为半干旱半暖湿气候下的森林环境,间有开阔的草原地带;中中新世晚期森林更加茂密,水体丰富,冬季风开始逐渐形成并不断发展;晚中新世为炎热半干旱的稀树草原环境,古冬季风盛行;上新世时变得越来越干冷;第四纪开始,青藏高原的抬升活动愈发剧烈,甘肃的海拔高度越来越高,从早期的干冷到中间的短期暖湿反复变化,生物和地貌也随之巨变,适应干冷气候和荒漠草原环境的哺乳动物兴起。晚更新世时甘肃北部以干燥寒冷的草原为主。夹有大面积森林草原或荒漠草原,但此期间气候有波动,出现过温湿气候;南部有茂密的森林,气候暖湿。晚更新世末,气候环境、地理和生物面貌已与现代相似。
Cenozoic sediments in Gansu Province contain abundant fossils,especially fossil mammals in Early to Late Oligocene,Early through Late Miocene,and Early through Late Pleistocene.The formation of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its rapid uplift in the Cenozoic altered atmospheric circulations in East Asia and geographic layout in China.Such changes also profoundly affect the climates and topography of the province.Mammalian faunas in Gansu Province have undergone repeated turnovers under this background of climatic and geographic changes.Based on faunal successions through time,their ecological characteristics and sediments in which they were buried,this paper attempts to estimate the climate evolution in the Cenozoic of Gansu.During the Paleocene through early Early Oligocene,the elevation was not high and the climate was hot and dry in a desert environment;during the late Early Oligocene through early Early Miocene,the climate was semi arid or semi warm and humid,and the vegetation was mostly forested with open grassland in between;during the late Middle Miocene,the forests became denser with numerous bodies of waters,and the winter monsoons began to form and intensify;during the Late Miocene,hot climates and semi arid grasslands with occasional wooded areas began to dominate the landscape,and winter monsoons became dominant;during the Pliocene,the climates became drier and colder;by the beginning of the Pleistocene,rapid uplifts of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and progressive elevation of Gansu were accompanied by cold and dry climates in Early Pleistocene with cyclical short periods of warm and wet conditions,and the biological and topographic conditions also underwent drastic changes,with the rise of mammals adapting to desert grasslands and cold and dry climates.The Late Pleistocene saw the dominance of grasslands suited for cold and arid conditions in Northern Gansu,with large areas of forest,grasslands,and desert grasslands.But during this period the climates were highly cyclical,with warm and humid conditions occurring regularly;Southern Gansu had dense forests in a warm and humid climate.By the end of the Pleistocene,the climates,geography,and biological communities were largely similar to those of present day.
Cenozoic sediments in Gansu Province contain abundant fossils,especially fossil mammals in Early to Late Oligocene,Early through Late Miocene,and Early through Late Pleistocene.The formation of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its rapid uplift in the Cenozoic altered atmospheric circulations in East Asia and geographic layout in China.Such changes also profoundly affect the climates and topography of the province.Mammalian faunas in Gansu Province have undergone repeated turnovers under this background of climatic and geographic changes.Based on faunal successions through time,their ecological characteristics and sediments in which they were buried,this paper attempts to estimate the climate evolution in the Cenozoic of Gansu.During the Paleocene through early Early Oligocene,the elevation was not high and the climate was hot and dry in a desert environment;during the late Early Oligocene through early Early Miocene,the climate was semi arid or semi warm and humid,and the vegetation was mostly forested with open grassland in between;during the late Middle Miocene,the forests became denser with numerous bodies of waters,and the winter monsoons began to form and intensify;during the Late Miocene,hot climates and semi arid grasslands with occasional wooded areas began to dominate the landscape,and winter monsoons became dominant;during the Pliocene,the climates became drier and colder;by the beginning of the Pleistocene,rapid uplifts of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and progressive elevation of Gansu were accompanied by cold and dry climates in Early Pleistocene with cyclical short periods of warm and wet conditions,and the biological and topographic conditions also underwent drastic changes,with the rise of mammals adapting to desert grasslands and cold and dry climates.The Late Pleistocene saw the dominance of grasslands suited for cold and arid conditions in Northern Gansu,with large areas of forest,grasslands,and desert grasslands.But during this period the climates were highly cyclical,with warm and humid conditions occurring regularly;Southern Gansu had dense forests in a warm and humid climate.By the end of the Pleistocene,the climates,geography,and biological communities were largely similar to those of present day.
引文
1 甘肃省地质局. 甘肃省地质图矿产图说明书.兰州:甘肃省科学出版社,1976． 149～228 Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Gansu Province.Directions of the Geological and Minerals Maps in Gansu Province.Lanzhou:Science Press of Gansu Province,1976． 149-228
2 邱古祥.王伴月.中国的巨犀化石.中国生物物志(总号第193册,新丙种第29号)北京:科学出版社,2007． 1～236 Qiu Zlianxiang,Wang Banyue.Paracerathere fossils of China.Palaeonlologia Sinica( Whole Number 193,New Scries C,Number 29) .Bejing:Science Press,2007． 1-236
3 甘肃省地质局区域地质调查队,甘肃省地质局.甘肃的第三系.甘肃地质,兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1984 1～40 Regional Geological Survey Team,Geological Bureau of Gansu Province.Tertiary System of Gansu.Gansu Geology,Lanzhou :Gansu People Press,1984． 1-40
4 马宗晋,杜品仁,洪汉净.地球构造与动力学.广州:广东科技出版社,2003． 342～344 Ma Zongjin,Du Pinren,Hong Hanjing.Structure and Dynamics of the Earth.Guangzhou:Guangdon Science and Technology Press,2003． 342-344
5 王伴月,邱占祥.甘肃党河下游地区早渐新世哺乳动物化石的发现.古脊椎动物学报,2004,42(2) :130～143 Wang Banyue,Qiu Zlianxiang.Discovery ol Early Oligocene mammalian fossils from Danghe area,Gansu,China.Vertebrata PatAsiatica,2004,42(2) :130-143
6 王蓝鸣,王伴月,邱吉祥.步林在甘肃党河流域塔奔布鲁克地区的早期工作记录--经典脊椎动物化石地点与现代地层框架的解译.古脊椎动物学报,2008,46(1) :1～19 Wang Xiaoming,Wang Banyue,Qiu Zlianxiang.Early explorations of Tabenhuluk region( Western Gansu Province)by Birger Bohlin--Reconciling classic vertebrate fossil localities with modern stratigraphy.Vertebrata PalAsiatica,2008,46( 1( :l-19
7 王伴月,邱占祥,王晓鸣等.甘肃省党河地区的新生代地层和青藏高原隆升.古脊椎动物学报,2003,41(1) :66～75 Wang Banyue,Qiu Zhanxiang,Wang Xiaomiug et at.Cenozoic slraligraphy in Danghe area,Gansu Province,and uplill ol Tibetan Plateau.Vertebrala PalAsiatica,2003,41( 1( :66-75
8 颉光.甘肃兰州盆地的第三纪地层及哺乳动物群.地层学杂志,2004,28(1) :67～80 Xie Guangpu.The Tertiary and local mammalian faunas in Lanzhou Basin,Gansu.Journal of Slraligraphy,2004,28( 1( :67-80
9 邱吉祥,王伴月,邱铸鼎等.甘肃兰州盆地咸水河组研究的新进展.见:童永生等编.演化的实证--纪念杨钟健教授百年诞辰论文集.北京:海洋出版社,1997． 177～192 Qiu Zhanxiang,Wang Banyue,Qiu Zhudin et al.Recent advances in study of the Xianshuihe Formation in Lanzhou Basin.In:Tong Yongsheng et al eds.Evidence for Evolution:Essay in Honor of Prof.Chungchien Young on the Hundredth Anniversary of His Birth.Beijing:China Ocean Press,1977． 177-192
10 邱占祥,王伴月,邓涛.甘肃临夏盆地牙沟的哺乳动物化石及有关地层问题.古脊椎动物学报,2004,42(4) :261～268 Qiu Zlianxiang,Wang Banyue,Deng Tao.Mammal fossils from Vagou,Linxia Basin,Gansu,and related straligraphic problem.Vertebrala PalAsialica,2004,42( 4) :261-268
11 邓 涛.临夏盆地晚新生代哺乳动物群演替与青藏高原隆升背景.第四纪研究,2004,24(4) :413～420 Deng Tao.Evolution of the Late Cenozoic mammalian faunas in the Linxia Basin and its background relevant to the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Quaternary Sciences,2004,24(4( :413-420
12 阎德飞.兰州-民和盆地中、新生代环境古植物学研究.兰州:兰 州大学博士研究生学位论文,2004． 1～108 Yan Dofei.Study on environmenlal palaeoholany of Lanzhou-Minhe Basin in Mesnzoie and Cenozoie.Lanzhou:A Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Lanzhou University,2004． 1-108
13 李浩敏,郑亚惠.早第三纪植物群.见:李星学主编.中国地质时 期植物群.广州:广东科技出版社,1995 345～382 Li Haomin,Zheng Yahui.Palaeogene flora.In:Li Xingxue ed.Fossil floras of China through the Geological Age.Guangzhou:Guangdon Science and Technology Press,1995． 345-382
14 马主贞,方小敏,李吉均.洒西盆地晚第三纪-第四纪早期植被与气候变化.中国科学(D辑),2004,34(2) :107～116 Ma Yuzhen,Lang Xiaomin,Li Jijun.Evolulion of vegelation and paleoelinate in Late Teriary-Earty Qualernary,Jiuxi Basin,Gansu.Srience in China( Series D( ,2004,34( 2( :107-1 16
15 孟庆泉.洒西盆地13Ma以来沉积记录与高原北缘隆升及其气候变化.兰州:兰州大学硕士研究生学位论文,2004． 1～52 Meng Qingquan.Sedimentary record in Jiuxi Basin and Morthern Tibetan Plateau uplift,climate change since 13Ma.Lanzhou:A Thesis for the Degree of Master of Philosophy of Lanzhou Universily,2004． 1-52
16 金洪波.临夏盆地13～4． 4Ma湖相沉积物粒度记录与气候变化关系.兰州:兰州大学硕士研究生学位论文,2004． 1～53 Jin Hongho.Relationship between the granularity of 13-4． 4Ma lake sediments and climate change in Linxia Basin.Lanzhou :A Thesis for the Degree of Master of Philosophy of Lanzhou University,2004． I-53
17 白晋锋.临夏盆地13～4． 4Ma湖相沉积物颜色记录与气候变化初探.兰州: 兰州大学硕士研究生学位论文,2004． 1～49 Bai Jinfeng.Study on relationship hetween the color of 13-4． 4Ma lake sediments and climate changes in Linxia Basin.Lanzhou:A Thesis for the Degree of Master of Philosophy of Lanzhou University,2004． 1-49
18 鲁新川.临夏盆地14～4． 4Ma湖相沉积物元素地球化学特征与气候变化.兰州:兰州大学硕士研究生学位论文,2007． 1～51 Lu Xinchuan.Elemenlal geochemical characters and palaeoclimalic changes of lacustrine sedimenls of 14-4． 4Ma in Linxia Basin.Lanzhou:A Thesis for the Degree of Master of Philosophy of Lanzhou University,2004． 1-51
19 颉光普.象类牙齿化石的鉴定和甘肃的象化石.见:甘肃省博物馆编.中国西部博物馆论坛文集.西安:三秦出版社,2007． 52～181 Xie Guangpu.Identifying teeth of the Proboseides and Proboscides fossils in Gansu.In:Gansu Provincial Museum ed.Western China's Museum Forum.Xian:Sanqin Press,2007． 52-181
20 梁忠,邓涛.甘肃临夏盆地晚中新世大唇犀化石的年龄结构与生活环境.古脊椎动物学报,2005,43(3) :219～230 Liang Zhong,Deng Tao.Age slruclure and habilat of the rhinoceros Chilotherium during the Late Miocene in the Linxia Basin,Gansu,China.Vertebrata PalAsiatica,2005,43( 3( :219-230
21 邓涛,王晓鸣,倪喜军等.临夏盆地的新生代地层及其哺乳动物化石证据.古脊椎动物学报,2004,42(1) :45～66 Deng Tao,Wang Xiaoming,Mi Xijun et al.Cenozoic stratigraphic sequence of the Linxia Basin in Gansu,China and its evidence from mammal fossils.Verlebrala PalAsialica,2004,42( 1) :45-66
22 邱占祥,黄为龙,郭志慧.中国的三趾马化石.中国古生物志(总号第175册,新丙种第25号).北京:科学出版社,1987． 1-250 Qiu Zhanxiang,Huang Weilon,Guo Zhihui.The Chinese Hipparionine fossils.Palaeontologia Sinica( Whole Number 175,New Series C,Number 25) .Bejing:Science Press,1987． 1-250
23 郑绍华.甘肃天祝松山第一和第二地点化石及松山上新世哺乳动物群.古脊椎动物学报,1982,20(3) :216～227 Zheng Shaohua.Some Pliocene mammalian fossils from Songshan-2 and-3( Tianzhu,Gansu) and the Songshan fauna.Verlebrala PalAsialica,1982,20(3) :216-227
24 张军,颉光普,李吉均等.甘肃秦安新近纪哺乳动物化石及其生态环境特征.第四纪研究,2011,31(4) :614～621 Zhang Jun,Xie Guangpu,Li Jijun et al.Mammal fossils and ecological environment features of the Neogene from Qin'an area,Gansu Province.Quaternary Sciences,2011,31(4) :614-621
25 陈冠芳.甘肃灵台雷家河新第三纪晚期的大哺乳动物组合及其时代.古脊椎动物学报,2002,40(1) :70～79 Chen Guanfang.The Late Neogene macromammalian assemblages from Linglai,Gansu Province,China.Verlebrala PalAsialica,2002,40(1) :70-79
26 邱占祥,黄为龙,郭志慧.甘肃庆阳上新世鬣狗科化石.古脊椎动物学报,1979,17(3) :200～221 Qiu Zhanxiang,Huang Weilong,Guo Zhihui.Hyaenidae of the Qingyang Hipparion fauna.Verlebrala PalAsialica,1979,17(3) :200-221
27 张云翔,薛祥煦.甘肃武都龙家沟三趾马动物群埋藏学.北京:地质出版社.1995． 1～96 Zhang Yunxiang Xue Xiangxu.Taphonomy of Longjiagou Hipparionine Fauna( Turolian,Miocene)Wudu Counly,Gansu Province,China.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1995． 1-96
28 李吉均.青藏高原隆升与亚洲环境演变--李吉均院士论文选集.北京:科学出版社,2006． 1～246 Li Jijun.Uplift of Tibetan Plateau and Environmental Evolution to Asia--Li Jijun Academician Thesis Collection.Bejing:Science Press,2006． 1-246
29 中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队.西藏第四纪地质.北京:科学出版社,1983． 1～192 The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Comprehensive Scientific Expedition Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Quaternary Geology in Xizang.Bejing:Science Press,1983． 1-192
30 甘肃省地质矿产局.甘肃省区域地质志--中华人民共和国地质矿产部,地质专报,一.区域地质,第19号.北京:地质出版社,1989． 308～313 Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Gansu Province.Regional Geology of Gansu Province--People's Republic of China Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources,Geological Memoirs,Series 1,Number 19--Regional Geology.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1989． 308-313
31 邱占祥,邓涛,王伴月.甘肃东乡龙担早更新世哺乳动物群.中国古生物志(总学第191册,新丙种第27号).北京:科学出版社,2004． 1～198 Qiu Zhanxiang,Deng Tao,Wang Banyue.Early Pleistocene mammalian fauna from Longdan,Dongxiang,Gansu,China.Palaeontologia Sinica.(Whole Number 191,New Series C,Number 27) .Bejing:Science Press,2004． 1-198
32 邓涛,薛祥煦.中国的真马化石及其生活环境.北京:海洋出版社,1999． 1～158 Deng Tao,Xue Xiangxu.Chinese Fossil Horses of Equus and Their Knvironment.Bejing:China Ocean Press,1999． 1-158
33 谢骏义.甘肃环县耿家沟早更新世黄土层中的哺乳动物化石.古脊椎动物学报,1983,21(4) :357～358 Xie Junyi.Early Pleistocene mammalian fossils in loess,Huanxian Gengjiagou,Gansu.Verlebrata PalAsiatica,1983,21(4) :357-358
34 谢骏义.甘肃东北部早更新世黄土地层及其哺乳动物群.地层学杂志,1985,9(2) :154～158 Xie Junyi.Early Pleislocene loess and it conlains mammalian fauna from North Eastern Gansu.Journal oj Stratigraphy,1985,9(2) :154-158
35 丁梦麟,高福清,安芷生等.甘肃庆阳晚更新世哺乳动物化石.古脊椎动物与古人类,1965,9(1) 89～103 Din Menglin,Gao Fuqing,An Zhisheng et al.Late Pleistocene mammalian fossils from Qingyang County,Gansu.Vertebrata PalAsiatica,1965,9( 1( :89-103
36 薛祥煦.甘肃环县楼房子晚更新世哺乳动物化石及古文化遗物.见:西北大学编.黄土与第四纪地质,西安:陕西人民出版社,1982． 36～40 Xue Xiangxu.Late Pleistocene mammalian fossils and paleoeultural relics from Loufangzi Huanxian,Gansu.In:Northwestern University ed.Loess and Quaternary Geology.Xi'an:Shanxi People Press,1982． 36-40
37 谢骏义,许俊臣.甘肃华池马兰黄土中的哺乳动物化石.古脊椎动物学报,1988,26(2) :149～152 Xie Junyi,Xu Juncheng.Mammalian fossils form Malan loess,Huachi County,Gansu Province.Vertebrata PalAsiatica,1988,26(2) :149-152
38 张映文,谢骏义.甘肃泾川南峪沟与桃山嘴旧石器时代遗址的发现.考古与文物,1981,2:5-10 Zhang Yingwen,Xie Junyi.Discovery of Paleolithic sites from Nanyugou and Taoshanzui,Jingchuan County,Gansu.Archaeology and Cultural Relics,1981,2:5-10
39 甘肃省博物馆.甘肃环县刘家岔石器时代遗址考古学报,1982,(1) :35～48 Gansu Provincial Museum.The Paleolithic site at Liujiacha,Huanxian County,Gansu.Acta Arckaeologica Sinica,1982,(1) :35-48
40 甘肃省博物馆,庆阳地区博物馆.甘肃镇原黑土梁发现的晚期旧石器.考古,1983,(2) :97～100 Gansu Provincial Museum,Qingyang Prefectural Museum.The Late Paleolithes discovered from Heituliang at Zhenyuan County,Gansu.Archaeology,1983,(2) :97-100
41 刘玉林,黄慰文,林一璞.甘肃泾川发现的人类化石和旧石器.人类学学报,1984,3(1) :11～18 Liu Yulin,Huang Weiwen,Lin Yipu.Human fossil and Paleolithic remains from Jinchuan,Gansu.Acta Anthropologica Sinica,1984,3( 1) :11-18
42 颉光普,张行,陈善勤.甘肃榆中晚更新世哺乳动物化石.古脊 椎动物学报,1994,32(4) :297-306 Xie Guangpu,Zhang Xing,Chen Shanqin.Late Pleistneene mammalian lossils from Yuzhong County,Gansu.Vertebrata PalAsiatica,1994,32(4) :297-306
43 颉光普.甘肃兰州盆地更新世气候环境变迁.微体古生物学报,1999,16(1) :104～109 Xie Guangpu.Pleislocene climate and environment changes in Lanzhou liasin,Gansu.Acta Micropalaeontalogica Sinica,1999,16( 1) :104-109
44 袁宝印.萨拉乌苏动物群的沉积环境及地层划分问题.地质科学,1978,(3) :220～233 Yuan Baoyin.Sedimentary environment of Salawusu fauna and straligraphic division problems.Scienlia Geologica Sinica,1978,(3) :22()-233
45 颉光普.甘肃东部旧石器时代晚期的古环境初探.环境考古考古研究,1991,(1) :105～111 Xie Guangpu.Study on paleoenvironment of the eastern Gansu in the late Paleolithic.Environment Archaeological Research,1991,( 1( :105-111
46 潘保田,李吉均,朱俊杰.兰州地区黄河阶地发育与地貌演化.见:中国第四纪冰川与环境研究中心,中国第四纪研究委员会编.中国西部第四纪冰川与环境.北京:科学出版社,1991． 271～277 Pan Baolian,Li Jijun,Zhu Junjie.Development of steps of the Yellow River and geomorphic evolution in Lanzhou area.In:Chinese Quaternary Glaciers and Environmental Research Center,The China Quaternary Research Committee eds.Quaternary Glaciers and Environment in Western China.Beijing:Science Preys,1991． 271-277
2 邱古祥.王伴月.中国的巨犀化石.中国生物物志(总号第193册,新丙种第29号)北京:科学出版社,2007． 1～236 Qiu Zlianxiang,Wang Banyue.Paracerathere fossils of China.Palaeonlologia Sinica( Whole Number 193,New Scries C,Number 29) .Bejing:Science Press,2007． 1-236
3 甘肃省地质局区域地质调查队,甘肃省地质局.甘肃的第三系.甘肃地质,兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1984 1～40 Regional Geological Survey Team,Geological Bureau of Gansu Province.Tertiary System of Gansu.Gansu Geology,Lanzhou :Gansu People Press,1984． 1-40
4 马宗晋,杜品仁,洪汉净.地球构造与动力学.广州:广东科技出版社,2003． 342～344 Ma Zongjin,Du Pinren,Hong Hanjing.Structure and Dynamics of the Earth.Guangzhou:Guangdon Science and Technology Press,2003． 342-344
5 王伴月,邱占祥.甘肃党河下游地区早渐新世哺乳动物化石的发现.古脊椎动物学报,2004,42(2) :130～143 Wang Banyue,Qiu Zlianxiang.Discovery ol Early Oligocene mammalian fossils from Danghe area,Gansu,China.Vertebrata PatAsiatica,2004,42(2) :130-143
6 王蓝鸣,王伴月,邱吉祥.步林在甘肃党河流域塔奔布鲁克地区的早期工作记录--经典脊椎动物化石地点与现代地层框架的解译.古脊椎动物学报,2008,46(1) :1～19 Wang Xiaoming,Wang Banyue,Qiu Zlianxiang.Early explorations of Tabenhuluk region( Western Gansu Province)by Birger Bohlin--Reconciling classic vertebrate fossil localities with modern stratigraphy.Vertebrata PalAsiatica,2008,46( 1( :l-19
7 王伴月,邱占祥,王晓鸣等.甘肃省党河地区的新生代地层和青藏高原隆升.古脊椎动物学报,2003,41(1) :66～75 Wang Banyue,Qiu Zhanxiang,Wang Xiaomiug et at.Cenozoic slraligraphy in Danghe area,Gansu Province,and uplill ol Tibetan Plateau.Vertebrala PalAsiatica,2003,41( 1( :66-75
8 颉光.甘肃兰州盆地的第三纪地层及哺乳动物群.地层学杂志,2004,28(1) :67～80 Xie Guangpu.The Tertiary and local mammalian faunas in Lanzhou Basin,Gansu.Journal of Slraligraphy,2004,28( 1( :67-80
9 邱吉祥,王伴月,邱铸鼎等.甘肃兰州盆地咸水河组研究的新进展.见:童永生等编.演化的实证--纪念杨钟健教授百年诞辰论文集.北京:海洋出版社,1997． 177～192 Qiu Zhanxiang,Wang Banyue,Qiu Zhudin et al.Recent advances in study of the Xianshuihe Formation in Lanzhou Basin.In:Tong Yongsheng et al eds.Evidence for Evolution:Essay in Honor of Prof.Chungchien Young on the Hundredth Anniversary of His Birth.Beijing:China Ocean Press,1977． 177-192
10 邱占祥,王伴月,邓涛.甘肃临夏盆地牙沟的哺乳动物化石及有关地层问题.古脊椎动物学报,2004,42(4) :261～268 Qiu Zlianxiang,Wang Banyue,Deng Tao.Mammal fossils from Vagou,Linxia Basin,Gansu,and related straligraphic problem.Vertebrala PalAsialica,2004,42( 4) :261-268
11 邓 涛.临夏盆地晚新生代哺乳动物群演替与青藏高原隆升背景.第四纪研究,2004,24(4) :413～420 Deng Tao.Evolution of the Late Cenozoic mammalian faunas in the Linxia Basin and its background relevant to the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Quaternary Sciences,2004,24(4( :413-420
12 阎德飞.兰州-民和盆地中、新生代环境古植物学研究.兰州:兰 州大学博士研究生学位论文,2004． 1～108 Yan Dofei.Study on environmenlal palaeoholany of Lanzhou-Minhe Basin in Mesnzoie and Cenozoie.Lanzhou:A Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Lanzhou University,2004． 1-108
13 李浩敏,郑亚惠.早第三纪植物群.见:李星学主编.中国地质时 期植物群.广州:广东科技出版社,1995 345～382 Li Haomin,Zheng Yahui.Palaeogene flora.In:Li Xingxue ed.Fossil floras of China through the Geological Age.Guangzhou:Guangdon Science and Technology Press,1995． 345-382
14 马主贞,方小敏,李吉均.洒西盆地晚第三纪-第四纪早期植被与气候变化.中国科学(D辑),2004,34(2) :107～116 Ma Yuzhen,Lang Xiaomin,Li Jijun.Evolulion of vegelation and paleoelinate in Late Teriary-Earty Qualernary,Jiuxi Basin,Gansu.Srience in China( Series D( ,2004,34( 2( :107-1 16
15 孟庆泉.洒西盆地13Ma以来沉积记录与高原北缘隆升及其气候变化.兰州:兰州大学硕士研究生学位论文,2004． 1～52 Meng Qingquan.Sedimentary record in Jiuxi Basin and Morthern Tibetan Plateau uplift,climate change since 13Ma.Lanzhou:A Thesis for the Degree of Master of Philosophy of Lanzhou Universily,2004． 1-52
16 金洪波.临夏盆地13～4． 4Ma湖相沉积物粒度记录与气候变化关系.兰州:兰州大学硕士研究生学位论文,2004． 1～53 Jin Hongho.Relationship between the granularity of 13-4． 4Ma lake sediments and climate change in Linxia Basin.Lanzhou :A Thesis for the Degree of Master of Philosophy of Lanzhou University,2004． I-53
17 白晋锋.临夏盆地13～4． 4Ma湖相沉积物颜色记录与气候变化初探.兰州: 兰州大学硕士研究生学位论文,2004． 1～49 Bai Jinfeng.Study on relationship hetween the color of 13-4． 4Ma lake sediments and climate changes in Linxia Basin.Lanzhou:A Thesis for the Degree of Master of Philosophy of Lanzhou University,2004． 1-49
18 鲁新川.临夏盆地14～4． 4Ma湖相沉积物元素地球化学特征与气候变化.兰州:兰州大学硕士研究生学位论文,2007． 1～51 Lu Xinchuan.Elemenlal geochemical characters and palaeoclimalic changes of lacustrine sedimenls of 14-4． 4Ma in Linxia Basin.Lanzhou:A Thesis for the Degree of Master of Philosophy of Lanzhou University,2004． 1-51
19 颉光普.象类牙齿化石的鉴定和甘肃的象化石.见:甘肃省博物馆编.中国西部博物馆论坛文集.西安:三秦出版社,2007． 52～181 Xie Guangpu.Identifying teeth of the Proboseides and Proboscides fossils in Gansu.In:Gansu Provincial Museum ed.Western China's Museum Forum.Xian:Sanqin Press,2007． 52-181
20 梁忠,邓涛.甘肃临夏盆地晚中新世大唇犀化石的年龄结构与生活环境.古脊椎动物学报,2005,43(3) :219～230 Liang Zhong,Deng Tao.Age slruclure and habilat of the rhinoceros Chilotherium during the Late Miocene in the Linxia Basin,Gansu,China.Vertebrata PalAsiatica,2005,43( 3( :219-230
21 邓涛,王晓鸣,倪喜军等.临夏盆地的新生代地层及其哺乳动物化石证据.古脊椎动物学报,2004,42(1) :45～66 Deng Tao,Wang Xiaoming,Mi Xijun et al.Cenozoic stratigraphic sequence of the Linxia Basin in Gansu,China and its evidence from mammal fossils.Verlebrala PalAsialica,2004,42( 1) :45-66
22 邱占祥,黄为龙,郭志慧.中国的三趾马化石.中国古生物志(总号第175册,新丙种第25号).北京:科学出版社,1987． 1-250 Qiu Zhanxiang,Huang Weilon,Guo Zhihui.The Chinese Hipparionine fossils.Palaeontologia Sinica( Whole Number 175,New Series C,Number 25) .Bejing:Science Press,1987． 1-250
23 郑绍华.甘肃天祝松山第一和第二地点化石及松山上新世哺乳动物群.古脊椎动物学报,1982,20(3) :216～227 Zheng Shaohua.Some Pliocene mammalian fossils from Songshan-2 and-3( Tianzhu,Gansu) and the Songshan fauna.Verlebrala PalAsialica,1982,20(3) :216-227
24 张军,颉光普,李吉均等.甘肃秦安新近纪哺乳动物化石及其生态环境特征.第四纪研究,2011,31(4) :614～621 Zhang Jun,Xie Guangpu,Li Jijun et al.Mammal fossils and ecological environment features of the Neogene from Qin'an area,Gansu Province.Quaternary Sciences,2011,31(4) :614-621
25 陈冠芳.甘肃灵台雷家河新第三纪晚期的大哺乳动物组合及其时代.古脊椎动物学报,2002,40(1) :70～79 Chen Guanfang.The Late Neogene macromammalian assemblages from Linglai,Gansu Province,China.Verlebrala PalAsialica,2002,40(1) :70-79
26 邱占祥,黄为龙,郭志慧.甘肃庆阳上新世鬣狗科化石.古脊椎动物学报,1979,17(3) :200～221 Qiu Zhanxiang,Huang Weilong,Guo Zhihui.Hyaenidae of the Qingyang Hipparion fauna.Verlebrala PalAsialica,1979,17(3) :200-221
27 张云翔,薛祥煦.甘肃武都龙家沟三趾马动物群埋藏学.北京:地质出版社.1995． 1～96 Zhang Yunxiang Xue Xiangxu.Taphonomy of Longjiagou Hipparionine Fauna( Turolian,Miocene)Wudu Counly,Gansu Province,China.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1995． 1-96
28 李吉均.青藏高原隆升与亚洲环境演变--李吉均院士论文选集.北京:科学出版社,2006． 1～246 Li Jijun.Uplift of Tibetan Plateau and Environmental Evolution to Asia--Li Jijun Academician Thesis Collection.Bejing:Science Press,2006． 1-246
29 中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队.西藏第四纪地质.北京:科学出版社,1983． 1～192 The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Comprehensive Scientific Expedition Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Quaternary Geology in Xizang.Bejing:Science Press,1983． 1-192
30 甘肃省地质矿产局.甘肃省区域地质志--中华人民共和国地质矿产部,地质专报,一.区域地质,第19号.北京:地质出版社,1989． 308～313 Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Gansu Province.Regional Geology of Gansu Province--People's Republic of China Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources,Geological Memoirs,Series 1,Number 19--Regional Geology.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1989． 308-313
31 邱占祥,邓涛,王伴月.甘肃东乡龙担早更新世哺乳动物群.中国古生物志(总学第191册,新丙种第27号).北京:科学出版社,2004． 1～198 Qiu Zhanxiang,Deng Tao,Wang Banyue.Early Pleistocene mammalian fauna from Longdan,Dongxiang,Gansu,China.Palaeontologia Sinica.(Whole Number 191,New Series C,Number 27) .Bejing:Science Press,2004． 1-198
32 邓涛,薛祥煦.中国的真马化石及其生活环境.北京:海洋出版社,1999． 1～158 Deng Tao,Xue Xiangxu.Chinese Fossil Horses of Equus and Their Knvironment.Bejing:China Ocean Press,1999． 1-158
33 谢骏义.甘肃环县耿家沟早更新世黄土层中的哺乳动物化石.古脊椎动物学报,1983,21(4) :357～358 Xie Junyi.Early Pleistocene mammalian fossils in loess,Huanxian Gengjiagou,Gansu.Verlebrata PalAsiatica,1983,21(4) :357-358
34 谢骏义.甘肃东北部早更新世黄土地层及其哺乳动物群.地层学杂志,1985,9(2) :154～158 Xie Junyi.Early Pleislocene loess and it conlains mammalian fauna from North Eastern Gansu.Journal oj Stratigraphy,1985,9(2) :154-158
35 丁梦麟,高福清,安芷生等.甘肃庆阳晚更新世哺乳动物化石.古脊椎动物与古人类,1965,9(1) 89～103 Din Menglin,Gao Fuqing,An Zhisheng et al.Late Pleistocene mammalian fossils from Qingyang County,Gansu.Vertebrata PalAsiatica,1965,9( 1( :89-103
36 薛祥煦.甘肃环县楼房子晚更新世哺乳动物化石及古文化遗物.见:西北大学编.黄土与第四纪地质,西安:陕西人民出版社,1982． 36～40 Xue Xiangxu.Late Pleistocene mammalian fossils and paleoeultural relics from Loufangzi Huanxian,Gansu.In:Northwestern University ed.Loess and Quaternary Geology.Xi'an:Shanxi People Press,1982． 36-40
37 谢骏义,许俊臣.甘肃华池马兰黄土中的哺乳动物化石.古脊椎动物学报,1988,26(2) :149～152 Xie Junyi,Xu Juncheng.Mammalian fossils form Malan loess,Huachi County,Gansu Province.Vertebrata PalAsiatica,1988,26(2) :149-152
38 张映文,谢骏义.甘肃泾川南峪沟与桃山嘴旧石器时代遗址的发现.考古与文物,1981,2:5-10 Zhang Yingwen,Xie Junyi.Discovery of Paleolithic sites from Nanyugou and Taoshanzui,Jingchuan County,Gansu.Archaeology and Cultural Relics,1981,2:5-10
39 甘肃省博物馆.甘肃环县刘家岔石器时代遗址考古学报,1982,(1) :35～48 Gansu Provincial Museum.The Paleolithic site at Liujiacha,Huanxian County,Gansu.Acta Arckaeologica Sinica,1982,(1) :35-48
40 甘肃省博物馆,庆阳地区博物馆.甘肃镇原黑土梁发现的晚期旧石器.考古,1983,(2) :97～100 Gansu Provincial Museum,Qingyang Prefectural Museum.The Late Paleolithes discovered from Heituliang at Zhenyuan County,Gansu.Archaeology,1983,(2) :97-100
41 刘玉林,黄慰文,林一璞.甘肃泾川发现的人类化石和旧石器.人类学学报,1984,3(1) :11～18 Liu Yulin,Huang Weiwen,Lin Yipu.Human fossil and Paleolithic remains from Jinchuan,Gansu.Acta Anthropologica Sinica,1984,3( 1) :11-18
42 颉光普,张行,陈善勤.甘肃榆中晚更新世哺乳动物化石.古脊 椎动物学报,1994,32(4) :297-306 Xie Guangpu,Zhang Xing,Chen Shanqin.Late Pleistneene mammalian lossils from Yuzhong County,Gansu.Vertebrata PalAsiatica,1994,32(4) :297-306
43 颉光普.甘肃兰州盆地更新世气候环境变迁.微体古生物学报,1999,16(1) :104～109 Xie Guangpu.Pleislocene climate and environment changes in Lanzhou liasin,Gansu.Acta Micropalaeontalogica Sinica,1999,16( 1) :104-109
44 袁宝印.萨拉乌苏动物群的沉积环境及地层划分问题.地质科学,1978,(3) :220～233 Yuan Baoyin.Sedimentary environment of Salawusu fauna and straligraphic division problems.Scienlia Geologica Sinica,1978,(3) :22()-233
45 颉光普.甘肃东部旧石器时代晚期的古环境初探.环境考古考古研究,1991,(1) :105～111 Xie Guangpu.Study on paleoenvironment of the eastern Gansu in the late Paleolithic.Environment Archaeological Research,1991,( 1( :105-111
46 潘保田,李吉均,朱俊杰.兰州地区黄河阶地发育与地貌演化.见:中国第四纪冰川与环境研究中心,中国第四纪研究委员会编.中国西部第四纪冰川与环境.北京:科学出版社,1991． 271～277 Pan Baolian,Li Jijun,Zhu Junjie.Development of steps of the Yellow River and geomorphic evolution in Lanzhou area.In:Chinese Quaternary Glaciers and Environmental Research Center,The China Quaternary Research Committee eds.Quaternary Glaciers and Environment in Western China.Beijing:Science Preys,1991． 271-277