兰州市城区居民饮水暴露参数调查分析
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摘要
目的了解兰州市城区居民饮水量,为兰州市城区居民饮用水健康风险评价提供科学依据。方法于2017年7—8月、12月采用整群随机抽样的方法,从兰州市所辖四个城区中选取18岁及以上常住居民1 236名,通过问卷调查和标准量具相结合的方法进行饮水量调查。统计学分析采用Wilcoxon秩和检验和Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验。结果兰州市城区居民总饮水量、直接饮水量、间接饮水量中位数分别为2 142.4、1 650.0、393.5mL/d。男性总饮水量、直接饮水量和间接饮水量(2 298.6、1 800.0、402.7mL/d)均高于女性(2 023.5、1 500.0、372.7mL/d,P<0.05);45～64岁人群的总饮水量、直接饮水量和间接饮水量(2 352.8、1 800、425.0mL/d)最高,不同年龄人群饮水量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同体质指数(BMI)人群中,超重人群(BMI≥24.0)间接饮水量(422.7mL/d)高于正常(BMI 18.5～23.9,385.7mL/d)或偏瘦者(BMI<18.5,318.8mL/d,P<0.05);体力劳动者间接饮水量中位数(427.3mL/d)大于非体力劳动者(362.4mL/d,P<0.05)。夏季、冬季饮水量也存在性别、年龄、BMI和劳动状况差异。结论性别、年龄、BMI和劳动状况对兰州市城区居民饮水量有一定影响,在兰州市城区饮水健康风险评价中应综合考虑多因素条件下的饮水量。
Objective To understand the drinking water intake and provide scientific basis of health risk assessment for urban residents in Lanzhou City.Methods A total of 1 236 residents aged 18 and over were randomly selected by cluster random sampling method from four urban districts of Lanzhou in July,August and December,2017.The drinking water intake was investigated by the method of questionnaire and quantitative measurement.Wilcoxon rank sum test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test were used in statistical analysis.Results In Lanzhou,the median of total,direct and indirect drinking water volume of urban residents are 2 142.4 mL/d,1 650.0 mL/d and 393.5 mL/d,respectively.The total,direct and indirect drinking water volumes of males(2 298.6 mL/d,1800.0 mL/d and 402.7 mL/d)are higher than the females(2 023.5 mL/d,1 500.0 mL/d and372.7 mL/d,P<0.05);The total,direct and indirect drinking water volumes(2 352.8 mL/d,1 800 mL/d and425.0 mL/d)of the population aged 45-64 are the highest,and there is a significant difference in the water consumption among different age groups(P<0.05).The indirect drinking water intake of the overweigh(422.7 mL/d)is higher than the normal and the thin(385.7 mL/d and318.8 mL/d,P<0.05).The indirect drinking water intake of manual workers(427.3 mL/d)is higher than non-manual workers(362.4 mL/d,P<0.05).In summer and winter,the drinking water intakes are also differences in sexes,ages,BMI and working conditions.Conclusion Gender,age,BMI and labor situation may influence drinking water intake of urban residents in Lanzhou,and these factors should be considered comprehensively in health risk assessment.
Objective To understand the drinking water intake and provide scientific basis of health risk assessment for urban residents in Lanzhou City.Methods A total of 1 236 residents aged 18 and over were randomly selected by cluster random sampling method from four urban districts of Lanzhou in July,August and December,2017.The drinking water intake was investigated by the method of questionnaire and quantitative measurement.Wilcoxon rank sum test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test were used in statistical analysis.Results In Lanzhou,the median of total,direct and indirect drinking water volume of urban residents are 2 142.4 mL/d,1 650.0 mL/d and 393.5 mL/d,respectively.The total,direct and indirect drinking water volumes of males(2 298.6 mL/d,1800.0 mL/d and 402.7 mL/d)are higher than the females(2 023.5 mL/d,1 500.0 mL/d and372.7 mL/d,P<0.05);The total,direct and indirect drinking water volumes(2 352.8 mL/d,1 800 mL/d and425.0 mL/d)of the population aged 45-64 are the highest,and there is a significant difference in the water consumption among different age groups(P<0.05).The indirect drinking water intake of the overweigh(422.7 mL/d)is higher than the normal and the thin(385.7 mL/d and318.8 mL/d,P<0.05).The indirect drinking water intake of manual workers(427.3 mL/d)is higher than non-manual workers(362.4 mL/d,P<0.05).In summer and winter,the drinking water intakes are also differences in sexes,ages,BMI and working conditions.Conclusion Gender,age,BMI and labor situation may influence drinking water intake of urban residents in Lanzhou,and these factors should be considered comprehensively in health risk assessment.
引文
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[15]张剑,赵富旺,龚为进.水质健康风险评价的暴露参数研究[J].节水灌溉,2015,29(6):43-46.
[16]邓玉,倪福全,向璐,等.四川盆地西缘农村居民饮用水健康风险暴露参数的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(2):244-250.
[17]向明灯,于云江,李琴,等.太湖饮用水源地附近居民暴露参数[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(1):179-185.
[18]Army US.Water consumption planning factors study[R].Directorate of Combat Developments,United States Army Quartermaster School,Fort Lee,Virginia,1983.
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[20]Mistura L,D'Addezio L,Turrini A.Beverage consumption habits in italian population:association with total water intake and energy intake[J].Nutrients,2016,8(11):674-676.
[21]Yoo JI,Choi H,Song SY,et al.Relationship between water intake and skeletal muscle mass in elderly Koreans:A nationwide population-based study[J].Nutrition,2018,53:38-40.
[22]Kant AK,Graubam BI,Atchison EA.Intakes of plain water,moisture in foods and beverages,and total water in the adults US population-nutritional,meal pattern,and body weight correlates:National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999-2006[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2009,90(3):655-663.
[2]许嘉宁,陈燕.我国水污染现状[J].广东化工,2014,41(3):143-144.
[3]于云江,张颖,车飞,等.环境污染的健康风险评价及其应用[J].环境与职业医学,2011,28(5):309-313.
[4]Jederberg WW,Still KR,Briggs GB.The utilization of risk assessments in tactical command decisions[J].Sci Total Environ,2002,288(1-2):119-129.
[5]USEPA.Exposure factors handbook[S].EPA/600/R-090/052F.Washington DC:USEPA,2011.
[6]段小丽,王宗爽,王贝贝,等.我国北方某地区居民饮水暴露参数研究[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(9):1216-1220.
[7]Yardimci H,Ozdo4an Y,Asil E,et al.An evaluation of adults'water and fluid consumption[J].Online J Health All Sci,2016,15(3):1-4.
[8]姜登岭,王少鹏,王清.国内外饮用水暴露参数差异及其对剂量的影响[J].水科学与工程技术,2014,38(6):1-3.
[9]杨月欣,王光亚,潘兴昌.中国食物成分表[M].北京:北京大学医学出版社,2009.
[10]郑婵娟,赵秀阁,黄楠,等.我国成人饮水摄入量研究[J].环境与健康杂志,2014,31(11):967-970.
[11]郑婵娟,王贝贝,周桂凤.长沙地区居民饮水暴露参数调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2015,32(7):610-613.
[12]郑婵娟,段小丽,王宗爽,等.泌阳地区居民冬季饮水暴露参数研究[J].环境与健康杂志,2013,30(3):226-229.
[13]Lee KW,Shin D,Song WO.Total water intake from beverages and foods is associated with energy intake and eating behaviors in korean adults[J].Nutrients,2016,8(10):617-619.
[14]黄楠,郑婵娟,段小丽,等.饮水暴露健康风险评估中的水摄入率[J].环境与健康杂志,2012,29(2):109-114.
[15]张剑,赵富旺,龚为进.水质健康风险评价的暴露参数研究[J].节水灌溉,2015,29(6):43-46.
[16]邓玉,倪福全,向璐,等.四川盆地西缘农村居民饮用水健康风险暴露参数的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(2):244-250.
[17]向明灯,于云江,李琴,等.太湖饮用水源地附近居民暴露参数[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(1):179-185.
[18]Army US.Water consumption planning factors study[R].Directorate of Combat Developments,United States Army Quartermaster School,Fort Lee,Virginia,1983.
[19]Rosinger A,Herrick K.Daily Water intake among u.s.men and women,2009-2012[J].NCHS Data Brief,2016,242:1-8.
[20]Mistura L,D'Addezio L,Turrini A.Beverage consumption habits in italian population:association with total water intake and energy intake[J].Nutrients,2016,8(11):674-676.
[21]Yoo JI,Choi H,Song SY,et al.Relationship between water intake and skeletal muscle mass in elderly Koreans:A nationwide population-based study[J].Nutrition,2018,53:38-40.
[22]Kant AK,Graubam BI,Atchison EA.Intakes of plain water,moisture in foods and beverages,and total water in the adults US population-nutritional,meal pattern,and body weight correlates:National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999-2006[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2009,90(3):655-663.