新型环保绝缘气体的研究进展
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摘要
随着全球能源互联网的不断发展,对于电力设备的小型化、智能化、环保清洁化要求越来越高。SF_6气体由于其具有良好的绝缘性能和灭弧性能被广泛地应用到气体绝缘全封闭组合电器(gas-insulated switchgear,GIS)和气体绝缘金属封闭输电线路(gas-insulated transmission lines,GIL)中,对于提高输电容量及电力设备的小型化、智能化具有重要作用,但是SF_6气体的排放会加剧全球温室效应。因此,研究能够有效替代SF_6的新型环保绝缘气体得到越来越多的关注。从绝缘性能和灭弧性能两方面介绍国内外对SF_6替代气体的研究现状及最新研究成果,旨在为我国在SF_6替代气体的研究方面提供一定的参考。
With the continuous development of global energy internet, the demand for the miniaturized, intelligent,environmentally-friendly and clean production power equipment is higher and higher. SF_6 gas has been widely applied to gas-insulated switchgear(GIS) and gas-insulated transmission lines(GIL) due to its excellent insulating property and arc extinguishing performance, which plays an important role in improving the transmission capacity and the miniaturization of intelligent power equipment. However, the emission of SF_6 gas also greatly contributes to global warming, so there has been a growing interest in studying the new type of environmentally friendly insulation gas which can effectively substitute SF_6 gas. This paper describes the latest research results and research status of the substitutes for SF_6 gas at home and abroad from both the insulation performance and arc extinguishing performance, which aims to provide some valuable reference for the study of substitutes for SF_6 gas in our country.
With the continuous development of global energy internet, the demand for the miniaturized, intelligent,environmentally-friendly and clean production power equipment is higher and higher. SF_6 gas has been widely applied to gas-insulated switchgear(GIS) and gas-insulated transmission lines(GIL) due to its excellent insulating property and arc extinguishing performance, which plays an important role in improving the transmission capacity and the miniaturization of intelligent power equipment. However, the emission of SF_6 gas also greatly contributes to global warming, so there has been a growing interest in studying the new type of environmentally friendly insulation gas which can effectively substitute SF_6 gas. This paper describes the latest research results and research status of the substitutes for SF_6 gas at home and abroad from both the insulation performance and arc extinguishing performance, which aims to provide some valuable reference for the study of substitutes for SF_6 gas in our country.
引文
[1]刘振亚.全球能源互联网[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2015.
[2]于剑昆.温室气体六氟化硫的替代技术进展[J].化学推进剂与高分子材料,2012,10(4):41-8.
[3]汤昕,廖四军,杨鑫.SF6混合/替代气体绝缘性能的研究进展[J].绝缘材料,2014,47(6):18-22.Tang Xin,Liao Sijun,Yang Xin.Research progress in insulating property of SF6 mixing/substituting gases[J].Journal of Insulating Materials,2014,47(6):18-22(in Chinese).
[4]贾申利,赵虎,李兴文,等.SF6替代气体灭弧性能的研究进展综述[J].高压电器,2011,47(11):87-91,7.Jia Shenli,Zhao Hu,Li Xingwen,et al.Survey of recent researches on the arc quenching characteristics of SF6 substitute gases[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2011,47(11):87-91,7(in Chinese).
[5]Hoshina T U Y.Fundmental research on SF6-free gas insulated switchgear adopting CO2 gas and its mixtures[C]//Proceedings of International Symposium on Eco Topia Science,Nagoya,Japan,2007.
[6]Yoshida T K H,Harada T.Insulation technology in dry air and vacuum for a 72 k V low-pressure dry-air[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Energy,2008,128(12):1439-44.
[7]Rokunohe T Y Y,Aoyagi K.Development of SF6-free 72.5 k V GIS[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2007,22(3):1869-1876.
[8]Uchii T Y H,Kensaku M.Development of 72 k V class environmentally benign CO2 gas circuit breaker model[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Energy,2004,124(3):476-484.
[9]Lim S B.Study on oxygen/nitrogen gas mixtures for the surface insulation performance in gas insulated switchgear[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(3):1567-1576.
[10]Matsumura T,Morooka I,Yokomizu Y,et al.Arc parameters in CO2-blast quenching chamber with high-pressure storage tank of different pressures[J].Vacuum,2006,80(11):1305-1310.
[11]Nsktu T.Discussions on post arc current of a CO2 circuit breaker[C]//17th International Conference on Gas Discharges and Their Applications.Cardiff,UK:IEEE,2008:125-128.
[12]李旭东,周伟,屠幼萍,等.0.1~0.25 MPa气压下二元混合气体SF6-N2和SF6-CO2的击穿特性[J].电网技术,2012,36(4):260-264.Li Xudong,Zhou Wei,Tu Youping,et al.Breakdown characteristics of binary gas mixtures SF6-N2 and SF6-CO2 under0.1~0.25 MPa atmosphere pressures[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(4):260-264(in Chinese).
[13]李惠芬.SF6气体替代面临诸多挑战[J].高电压技术,2000,26(3):50-51.Li Huifen.SF6 gas alternative faces many challenges[J].High Voltage Technology,2000,26(3):50-51(in Chinese).
[14]赵虎,李兴文,贾申利.SF6及其混合气体临界击穿场强计算与特性分析[J].西安交通大学学报,2013,47(2):109-115.Zhao Hu,Li Xingwen,Jia Shenli.Cacluation and characteristic analysis of vritical breakdown fiel strength of SF6 and the mixtures[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2013,47(2):109-115(in Chinese).
[15]赵虎,李兴文,贾申利,等.1个大气压下50%SF6-50%CF4混合气体电击穿特性的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(19):200-207.Zhao Hu,Li Xingwen,Jia Shenli,et al.Under the one atmospheric pressure SF6 50%-50%CF4 mixture electric breakdown characteristic research[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(19):200-207(in Chinese).
[16]徐国政,李庆民,张节容.SF6/CF4作为变压器的冷却和绝缘介质的研究[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,1997,9(37):18-21.Xu Guozheng,Li Qingmin,Zhang Jierong.SF6/CF4 as transformer cooling and insulating medium study[J].Journal of Tsinghua University:Sci.&Tech.,1997,9(37):18-21(in Chinese).
[17]Park S W,Hwang C H,Ryul N,et al.Breakdown characteristics of SF6/CF4 mixtures in test chamber and 25.8 k V GIS[J].Engineering Letters,2007,15(1):145-148.
[18]Song W P,Yang D I,Chung Y H,et al.A study of large current interrupting capability of SF6/N2 mixtures[C]//Conference Record of IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation.Boston,USA:IEEE,2002:457-459.
[19]Seeger M,Naidis G,Steffens A,et al.Investigation of the dielectric recovery in synthetic air in a high voltage circuit breaker[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2005,38(11):1795-1804.
[20]Suh W B,Yim J Y,Song K D,et al.Breakdown voltage characteristics in the SF6/N2 gas mixtures for DS/ES compartment of a245 k V gas insulated switchgear[C]//2011 1st International Conference on Electric Power Equipment-Switching Technology(ICEPE-ST).Xi’an,China:IEEE,2011:366-369.
[21]Katagiri H,Kasuya H.Investigation of the performance of CF3I gas as a possible substitute for SF6[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2008,15(5):1424-1429.
[22]Kasuya H,Kawamura Y,Mizoguchi,et al.Interruption capability and decomposed gas density of CF3I as a substitute for SF6 gas[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2010,17(4):1196-1203.
[23]张晓星,周君杰,唐炬,等.CF3I/CO2与CF3I/N2两种混合气体局部放电绝缘特性的试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(12):1948-1956.Zhang Xiaoxing,Zhou Junjie,Tang Ju,et al.The two with CF3I CF3I/CO2/N2 mixed gas insulation characteristics of partial discharge test research[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(12):1948-1956(in Chinese).
[24]张晓星,周君杰,唐炬,等.CF3I-CO2混合气体在针板电极下局部放电绝缘特性实验研究[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(1):36-42.Zhang Xiaoxing,Zhou Junjie,Tang Ju,et al.CF3I-CO2 gas mixture under the needle plate electrode insulation characteristics of partial discharge experiment research[J].Journal of Electrotechnics,2013,28(1):36-42(in Chinese).
[25]Toyota H,Matsuoka S,Hidaka K.Measurement of sparkover voltage and time lag characteristics in CF3I-N2 and CF3I-air gas mixtures by using steep-front square voltage[J].Electrical Engineering in Japan,2006,157(2):1-7.
[26]吴变桃.c-C4F8及其混合气体绝缘性能的研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2007.
[27]Devins J C.Replacement gases for SF6[J].IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation,1980,EI-15(2):81-86.
[28]Aschwanden T,Biasiutti G.Dielectric strength of hexafluoropropylene[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,1981,14(11):l189-1l92.
[29]Christophorou,Olthofi,Green.Gases for electrical insulation and arc interruption:possible present and future alternatives to pure SF6[J].IEEE Power Engineering Review,1998,18(6):31.
[30]Yamamoto O,Takuma T,Hamada S,et al.Applying a gas mixture containing c-C4F8 as an insulation medium[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2001,8(6):1075-1081.
[31]Okubo H,Yamada T,Hatta K,et al.Partial discharge and breakdown mechanisms in ultra-dilute SF6 and PFC gases mixed with N2 gas[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2002,35(21):2760-2765.
[32]邢卫军,张国强,李康,等.C4F8/N2混合气体局部放电特性实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(7):119-124.Xing Weijun,Zhang Guoqiang,Li Kang,et al.C4F8/N2 mixed gas partial discharge characteristics experimental study[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(7):119-124(in Chinese).
[33]黄亦斌.CF4气体灭弧性能的研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2010.
[34]赵洪.C4F8、CF4混合气体绝缘性能研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2006.
[35]肖登明,邱毓昌.SF6/N2和SF6/CO2的绝缘特性及其比较[J].高电压技术,1995,21(1):16-18.Xiao Dengming,Qiu Yuchang.Insulation characteristics of SF6/N2and SF6/CO2 and its comparison[J].High Voltage Technology,1995,21(1):16-18(in Chinese).
[36]肖登明,朱莉莉,李红雷.SF6-CO2混合气体中电子输运特性的蒙特卡洛模拟[J].上海交通大学学报,1999,33(12):1482-1489.Xiao Dengming,Zhu Lili,Li Honglei.Monte Carlo simulation of electron motion in SF6-CO2 gas mixtures[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,1999,33(12):1482-1489(in Chinese).
[2]于剑昆.温室气体六氟化硫的替代技术进展[J].化学推进剂与高分子材料,2012,10(4):41-8.
[3]汤昕,廖四军,杨鑫.SF6混合/替代气体绝缘性能的研究进展[J].绝缘材料,2014,47(6):18-22.Tang Xin,Liao Sijun,Yang Xin.Research progress in insulating property of SF6 mixing/substituting gases[J].Journal of Insulating Materials,2014,47(6):18-22(in Chinese).
[4]贾申利,赵虎,李兴文,等.SF6替代气体灭弧性能的研究进展综述[J].高压电器,2011,47(11):87-91,7.Jia Shenli,Zhao Hu,Li Xingwen,et al.Survey of recent researches on the arc quenching characteristics of SF6 substitute gases[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2011,47(11):87-91,7(in Chinese).
[5]Hoshina T U Y.Fundmental research on SF6-free gas insulated switchgear adopting CO2 gas and its mixtures[C]//Proceedings of International Symposium on Eco Topia Science,Nagoya,Japan,2007.
[6]Yoshida T K H,Harada T.Insulation technology in dry air and vacuum for a 72 k V low-pressure dry-air[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Energy,2008,128(12):1439-44.
[7]Rokunohe T Y Y,Aoyagi K.Development of SF6-free 72.5 k V GIS[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2007,22(3):1869-1876.
[8]Uchii T Y H,Kensaku M.Development of 72 k V class environmentally benign CO2 gas circuit breaker model[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Energy,2004,124(3):476-484.
[9]Lim S B.Study on oxygen/nitrogen gas mixtures for the surface insulation performance in gas insulated switchgear[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(3):1567-1576.
[10]Matsumura T,Morooka I,Yokomizu Y,et al.Arc parameters in CO2-blast quenching chamber with high-pressure storage tank of different pressures[J].Vacuum,2006,80(11):1305-1310.
[11]Nsktu T.Discussions on post arc current of a CO2 circuit breaker[C]//17th International Conference on Gas Discharges and Their Applications.Cardiff,UK:IEEE,2008:125-128.
[12]李旭东,周伟,屠幼萍,等.0.1~0.25 MPa气压下二元混合气体SF6-N2和SF6-CO2的击穿特性[J].电网技术,2012,36(4):260-264.Li Xudong,Zhou Wei,Tu Youping,et al.Breakdown characteristics of binary gas mixtures SF6-N2 and SF6-CO2 under0.1~0.25 MPa atmosphere pressures[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(4):260-264(in Chinese).
[13]李惠芬.SF6气体替代面临诸多挑战[J].高电压技术,2000,26(3):50-51.Li Huifen.SF6 gas alternative faces many challenges[J].High Voltage Technology,2000,26(3):50-51(in Chinese).
[14]赵虎,李兴文,贾申利.SF6及其混合气体临界击穿场强计算与特性分析[J].西安交通大学学报,2013,47(2):109-115.Zhao Hu,Li Xingwen,Jia Shenli.Cacluation and characteristic analysis of vritical breakdown fiel strength of SF6 and the mixtures[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2013,47(2):109-115(in Chinese).
[15]赵虎,李兴文,贾申利,等.1个大气压下50%SF6-50%CF4混合气体电击穿特性的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(19):200-207.Zhao Hu,Li Xingwen,Jia Shenli,et al.Under the one atmospheric pressure SF6 50%-50%CF4 mixture electric breakdown characteristic research[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(19):200-207(in Chinese).
[16]徐国政,李庆民,张节容.SF6/CF4作为变压器的冷却和绝缘介质的研究[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,1997,9(37):18-21.Xu Guozheng,Li Qingmin,Zhang Jierong.SF6/CF4 as transformer cooling and insulating medium study[J].Journal of Tsinghua University:Sci.&Tech.,1997,9(37):18-21(in Chinese).
[17]Park S W,Hwang C H,Ryul N,et al.Breakdown characteristics of SF6/CF4 mixtures in test chamber and 25.8 k V GIS[J].Engineering Letters,2007,15(1):145-148.
[18]Song W P,Yang D I,Chung Y H,et al.A study of large current interrupting capability of SF6/N2 mixtures[C]//Conference Record of IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation.Boston,USA:IEEE,2002:457-459.
[19]Seeger M,Naidis G,Steffens A,et al.Investigation of the dielectric recovery in synthetic air in a high voltage circuit breaker[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2005,38(11):1795-1804.
[20]Suh W B,Yim J Y,Song K D,et al.Breakdown voltage characteristics in the SF6/N2 gas mixtures for DS/ES compartment of a245 k V gas insulated switchgear[C]//2011 1st International Conference on Electric Power Equipment-Switching Technology(ICEPE-ST).Xi’an,China:IEEE,2011:366-369.
[21]Katagiri H,Kasuya H.Investigation of the performance of CF3I gas as a possible substitute for SF6[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2008,15(5):1424-1429.
[22]Kasuya H,Kawamura Y,Mizoguchi,et al.Interruption capability and decomposed gas density of CF3I as a substitute for SF6 gas[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2010,17(4):1196-1203.
[23]张晓星,周君杰,唐炬,等.CF3I/CO2与CF3I/N2两种混合气体局部放电绝缘特性的试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(12):1948-1956.Zhang Xiaoxing,Zhou Junjie,Tang Ju,et al.The two with CF3I CF3I/CO2/N2 mixed gas insulation characteristics of partial discharge test research[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(12):1948-1956(in Chinese).
[24]张晓星,周君杰,唐炬,等.CF3I-CO2混合气体在针板电极下局部放电绝缘特性实验研究[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(1):36-42.Zhang Xiaoxing,Zhou Junjie,Tang Ju,et al.CF3I-CO2 gas mixture under the needle plate electrode insulation characteristics of partial discharge experiment research[J].Journal of Electrotechnics,2013,28(1):36-42(in Chinese).
[25]Toyota H,Matsuoka S,Hidaka K.Measurement of sparkover voltage and time lag characteristics in CF3I-N2 and CF3I-air gas mixtures by using steep-front square voltage[J].Electrical Engineering in Japan,2006,157(2):1-7.
[26]吴变桃.c-C4F8及其混合气体绝缘性能的研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2007.
[27]Devins J C.Replacement gases for SF6[J].IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation,1980,EI-15(2):81-86.
[28]Aschwanden T,Biasiutti G.Dielectric strength of hexafluoropropylene[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,1981,14(11):l189-1l92.
[29]Christophorou,Olthofi,Green.Gases for electrical insulation and arc interruption:possible present and future alternatives to pure SF6[J].IEEE Power Engineering Review,1998,18(6):31.
[30]Yamamoto O,Takuma T,Hamada S,et al.Applying a gas mixture containing c-C4F8 as an insulation medium[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2001,8(6):1075-1081.
[31]Okubo H,Yamada T,Hatta K,et al.Partial discharge and breakdown mechanisms in ultra-dilute SF6 and PFC gases mixed with N2 gas[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2002,35(21):2760-2765.
[32]邢卫军,张国强,李康,等.C4F8/N2混合气体局部放电特性实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(7):119-124.Xing Weijun,Zhang Guoqiang,Li Kang,et al.C4F8/N2 mixed gas partial discharge characteristics experimental study[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(7):119-124(in Chinese).
[33]黄亦斌.CF4气体灭弧性能的研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2010.
[34]赵洪.C4F8、CF4混合气体绝缘性能研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2006.
[35]肖登明,邱毓昌.SF6/N2和SF6/CO2的绝缘特性及其比较[J].高电压技术,1995,21(1):16-18.Xiao Dengming,Qiu Yuchang.Insulation characteristics of SF6/N2and SF6/CO2 and its comparison[J].High Voltage Technology,1995,21(1):16-18(in Chinese).
[36]肖登明,朱莉莉,李红雷.SF6-CO2混合气体中电子输运特性的蒙特卡洛模拟[J].上海交通大学学报,1999,33(12):1482-1489.Xiao Dengming,Zhu Lili,Li Honglei.Monte Carlo simulation of electron motion in SF6-CO2 gas mixtures[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,1999,33(12):1482-1489(in Chinese).