干酪乳杆菌对北京黑猪保育阶段生长性能及肠道菌群的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加干酪乳杆菌对北京黑猪保育阶段生长性能及肠道菌群的影响。选择(35±2)日龄、体重(7.53±0.21)kg的北京黑猪仔猪120头,随机分成3组,分别为对照组、干酪乳杆菌组和金霉素组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头。对照组试验猪饲喂基础饲粮(不添加干酪乳杆菌和金霉素);干酪乳杆菌组试验猪饲喂在基础饲粮中添加干酪乳杆菌活菌冻干制剂的饲料,每千克饲料中有效活菌数在4.0×109CFU;金霉素组试验猪饲喂在基础饲粮中添加金霉素预混剂的饲料,每千克饲料含金霉素75 mg。试验期30 d,在试验第28天时采集新鲜粪样,用于16S rRNA的V3~V4区测序。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,干酪乳杆菌组和金霉素组的平均日增重分别提高12.71%(P<0.05)和8.58%(P<0.05),料重比分别降低7.34%(P<0.05)和4.52%(P>0.05)。2)通过对粪样菌群ACE指数、Chao1指数、Shannon指数和Simpson指数进行分析,发现干酪乳杆菌组肠道菌群丰富度和多样性均高于对照组和金霉素组。3)3组粪样中共含有17个菌门,206个菌属,对照组、干酪乳杆菌组和金霉素组粪样中分别含有198、200和197个菌属。由此可见,在北京黑猪保育阶段饲粮中添加干酪乳杆菌可改善仔猪肠道内菌群结构,进而提高生长性能。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Lactobacillus casei on growth performance and intestinal microflora of Beijing black pigs in nursery stage. A total of 120 weaned piglets for Beijing black pigs with the age of( 35±2) days and average body weight of( 7.53±0.21) kg were randomly distributed into3 groups with 4 replicates per group and 10 piglets per replicate,comprising of control group,Lactobacillus casei group and chlortetracycline group. The piglets in the control group were fed a basal diet( without Lactobacillus casei or chlortetracycline),the piglets in the Lactobacillus casei group were fed the basal diet supplemented with living bacteria freeze dry preparation of Lactobacillus casei,and the living bacteria count was 4.0×109 CFU/kg diet,and the piglets in the chlortetracycline group were fed the basal diet supplemented with chlortetracycline premix,and the chlortetracycline content was 75 mg/kg diet. The experiment lasted for 30 d. At the 28 th day of the experiment,the fresh feces were collected and used for sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16 S rRNA. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group,the average daily gain of Lactobacillus casei group and chlortetracycline group was significantly increased by 12.71%( P<0.05) and 8.58%( P<0.05),the feed/gain was decreased by 7.34%( P<0.05) and 4.52%( P>0.05),respectively.2) Lactobacillus casei group increased the species richness and diversity of microbiota,as indicated by the ACE index,Chao1 index,Shannon index and Simpson index,compared with the control group and the chlortetracycline group. 3) Seventeen phyla and 206 genera were contained by three groups of feces,and 198,200 and 197 genera were found in the control group,Lactobacillus casei group and chlortetracycline group,respectively.The results indicate that Lactobacillus casei supplementation in the diet has beneficial effects on the improvement of intestinal microflora structure and growth performance of Beijing black pigs in nursery stage.
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Lactobacillus casei on growth performance and intestinal microflora of Beijing black pigs in nursery stage. A total of 120 weaned piglets for Beijing black pigs with the age of( 35±2) days and average body weight of( 7.53±0.21) kg were randomly distributed into3 groups with 4 replicates per group and 10 piglets per replicate,comprising of control group,Lactobacillus casei group and chlortetracycline group. The piglets in the control group were fed a basal diet( without Lactobacillus casei or chlortetracycline),the piglets in the Lactobacillus casei group were fed the basal diet supplemented with living bacteria freeze dry preparation of Lactobacillus casei,and the living bacteria count was 4.0×109 CFU/kg diet,and the piglets in the chlortetracycline group were fed the basal diet supplemented with chlortetracycline premix,and the chlortetracycline content was 75 mg/kg diet. The experiment lasted for 30 d. At the 28 th day of the experiment,the fresh feces were collected and used for sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16 S rRNA. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group,the average daily gain of Lactobacillus casei group and chlortetracycline group was significantly increased by 12.71%( P<0.05) and 8.58%( P<0.05),the feed/gain was decreased by 7.34%( P<0.05) and 4.52%( P>0.05),respectively.2) Lactobacillus casei group increased the species richness and diversity of microbiota,as indicated by the ACE index,Chao1 index,Shannon index and Simpson index,compared with the control group and the chlortetracycline group. 3) Seventeen phyla and 206 genera were contained by three groups of feces,and 198,200 and 197 genera were found in the control group,Lactobacillus casei group and chlortetracycline group,respectively.The results indicate that Lactobacillus casei supplementation in the diet has beneficial effects on the improvement of intestinal microflora structure and growth performance of Beijing black pigs in nursery stage.
引文
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[13]KIM H B,ISAACSON R E.The pig gut microbial diversity:Understanding the pig gut microbial ecology through the next generation high throughput sequencing[J].Veterinary Microbiology,2015,177(3/4):242-251.
[14]ISAACSON R,KIM H B.The intestinal microbiome of the pig[J].Animal Health Research Reviews,2012,13(1):100-109.
[15]KIM H B,BOREWICZ K,WHITE B A,et al.Microbial shifts in the swine distal gut in response to the treatment with antimicrobial growth promoter,tylosin[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2012,109(38):15485-15490.
[16]PAJARILLO E A B,CHAE J P,BALOLONG M P,et al.Assessment of fecal bacterial diversity among healthy piglets during the weaning transition[J].Journal of General and Applied Microbiology,2014,60(4):140-146.
[17]PAJARILLO E A B,CHAE J P,BALOLONG M P,et al.Pyrosequencing-based analysis of fecal microbial communities in three purebred pig lines[J].Journal of Microbiobogy,2014,52(8):646-651.
[18]KIM H B,BOREWICZ K,WHITE B A,et al.Longitudinal investigation of the age-related bacterial diversity in the feces of commercial pigs[J].Veterinary Microbiology,2011,153(1/2):124-133.
[19]ZHAO W J,WANG Y P,LIU S Y,et al.The dynamic distribution of porcine microbiota across different ages and gastrointestinal tract segments[J].PLoS One,2015,10(2):e0117441.
[2]张魏伟,王安如,滕可导,等.干酪乳杆菌对断奶仔猪十二指肠发育的组织学影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2015,20(3):114-120.
[3]王齐桓,王安如,周宁聪,等.干酪乳杆菌对断奶仔猪回肠黏膜结构及上皮内淋巴细胞数量的影响[J].中国兽医杂志,2016,52(2):34-37.
[4]ZHANG D Y,JI H F,LIU H,et al.Changes in the diversity and composition of gut microbiota of weaned piglets after oral administration of Lactobacillus or an antibiotic[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2016,100(23):10081-10093.
[5]LOOFT T,JOHNSON T A,ALLEN H K,et al.Infeed antibiotic effects on the swine intestinal microbiome[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2012,109(5):1691-1696.
[6]POOLE T L,SUCHODOLSKI J S,CALLAWAY T R,et al.The effect of chlortetracycline on faecal microbial populations in growing swine[J].Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance,2013,1(3):171-174.
[7]LI P H,NIU Q,WEI Q T,et al.Microbial shifts in the porcine distal gut in response to diets supplemented with Enterococcus faecalis as alternatives to antibiotics[J].Scientific Reports,20177:41395.
[8]杨柳,张邑帆,郑华,等.荣昌、长白、杜洛克猪肠道微生物ERIC-PCR-DGGE指纹图谱比较分析[J].家畜生态学报,2011,32(5):21-25.
[9]肖文萍.藏猪肠道微生物多样性的研究[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012:22-27.
[10]杨丽娜.不同猪种间肠道微生物菌群以及生长相关指标的比较[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2014:22-25.
[11]杨伟平.藏猪肠道细菌群落组成与纤维素分解菌的研究[D].博士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015:27-40.
[12]朱伟云,余凯凡,慕春龙,等.猪的肠道微生物与宿主营养代谢[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(10):3046-3051.
[13]KIM H B,ISAACSON R E.The pig gut microbial diversity:Understanding the pig gut microbial ecology through the next generation high throughput sequencing[J].Veterinary Microbiology,2015,177(3/4):242-251.
[14]ISAACSON R,KIM H B.The intestinal microbiome of the pig[J].Animal Health Research Reviews,2012,13(1):100-109.
[15]KIM H B,BOREWICZ K,WHITE B A,et al.Microbial shifts in the swine distal gut in response to the treatment with antimicrobial growth promoter,tylosin[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2012,109(38):15485-15490.
[16]PAJARILLO E A B,CHAE J P,BALOLONG M P,et al.Assessment of fecal bacterial diversity among healthy piglets during the weaning transition[J].Journal of General and Applied Microbiology,2014,60(4):140-146.
[17]PAJARILLO E A B,CHAE J P,BALOLONG M P,et al.Pyrosequencing-based analysis of fecal microbial communities in three purebred pig lines[J].Journal of Microbiobogy,2014,52(8):646-651.
[18]KIM H B,BOREWICZ K,WHITE B A,et al.Longitudinal investigation of the age-related bacterial diversity in the feces of commercial pigs[J].Veterinary Microbiology,2011,153(1/2):124-133.
[19]ZHAO W J,WANG Y P,LIU S Y,et al.The dynamic distribution of porcine microbiota across different ages and gastrointestinal tract segments[J].PLoS One,2015,10(2):e0117441.