声发射在密封监测领域的研究进展
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摘要
将声发射无损检测技术应用到机械密封监测中是密封领域新的发展方向。从实验研究和理论研究两方面综述声发射在密封领域的研究进展;从早期的实验探索到后期的信号降噪、信号分析和信号识别等方面总结各阶段的研究成果,并且介绍机械密封相变实验研究;展望基于声发射的机械密封监测技术的未来发展方向,如将大数据技术应用到声发射信号的处理分析,探索声发射技术在机械密封不同方向监测的应用,如液膜相变的监测等。
It is a new development direction to apply acoustic emission nondestructive testing to mechanical seal monitoring.The research of acoustic emission in the sealing field was reviewed from the aspects of experimental and theoretical research.The research results of each stage were summarized from the early experimental exploration to the later signal denoising,signal analysis and signal recognition,and the experimental research on the phase transition of mechanical seal was introduced.The future development direction of mechanical seal monitoring technology based on acoustic emission is suggested,such as the application of big data technology to acoustic emission signal processing and analysis,and the application of acoustic emission technology in different directions of mechanical seals,such as liquid film phase transition monitoring.
It is a new development direction to apply acoustic emission nondestructive testing to mechanical seal monitoring.The research of acoustic emission in the sealing field was reviewed from the aspects of experimental and theoretical research.The research results of each stage were summarized from the early experimental exploration to the later signal denoising,signal analysis and signal recognition,and the experimental research on the phase transition of mechanical seal was introduced.The future development direction of mechanical seal monitoring technology based on acoustic emission is suggested,such as the application of big data technology to acoustic emission signal processing and analysis,and the application of acoustic emission technology in different directions of mechanical seals,such as liquid film phase transition monitoring.
引文
[1]袁振明,马羽宽,何泽云.声发射技术及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1985.
[2]耿荣生.声发射技术发展现状:学会成立20周年回顾[J].无损检测,1998,20(6):151-154.GENG R S.Recent development of acoustic emission:twentyyear review of Chinese society for NDT[J].Nondestructive Testing,1998,20(6):151-154.
[3]耿荣生,沈功田,刘时风.声发射信号处理和分析技术[J].无损检测,2002,24(1):23-28.GENG R S,SHEN G T,LIU S F.An overview on the development of acoustic emission signal processing and analysis technique[J].Nondestructive Testing,2002,24(1):23-28.
[4]沈功田,戴光,刘时风.中国声发射检测技术进展:学会成立25周年纪念[J].无损检测,2003,25(6):302-307.SHEN G T,DAI G,LIU S F.Acoustic emission testing progress in China:celebration for the 25th anniversary of Chinese society for NDT[J].Nondestructive Testing,2003,25(6):302-307.
[5]ORCUTT F K.An investigation of the operation and failure of mechanical face seals[J].Journal of Lubrication Technology,1969,91(4):713-725.
[6]LINGARD S,YU C W,YAU C F.Sliding wear studies using acoustic emission[J].Wear,1993,162/163/164:597-604.
[7]MIETTINEN J,SIEKKINEN V.Acoustic emission in monitoring sliding contact behaviour[J].Wear,1995,181:897-900.
[8]SUN J,WOODR,WANG L,et al.Wear monitoring of bearing steel using electrostatic and acoustic emission techniques[J].Wear,2005,259:1482-1489.
[9]MBA D,ROBERTS T,TAHERI E,et al.Application of acoustic emission technology for detecting the onset and duration of contact in liquid lubricated mechanical seals[J].Insight-Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring,2006,48(8):486-487.
[10]FAN Y B,GU F S,BALL A.Acoustic emission monitoring of mechanical seals using MUSIC algorithm based on higher order statistics[C].Key Engineering Materials,2009,413/414:811-816.
[11]高志,林尤滨,黄伟峰,等.干气密封启动过程中的声发射信号特征[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2013,53(3):319-322.GAO Z,LIN Y B,HUANG W F,et al.Acoustic emission characteristics of dry gas seals during startup[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2013,53(3):319-322.
[12]张尔卿,傅攀,吴希曦,等.基于声发射主轴机械密封端面开启状态识别技术[J].润滑与密封,2014,39(4):67-73.ZHANG E Q,FU P,WU X X,et al.Study on mechanical seal lift-off recognition of main shaft based on acoustic emission[J].Lubrication Engineering,2014,39(4):67-73.
[13]江雁.流体动压型机械密封开启过程的声发射特征监测研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2015.
[14]朱奥辉,傅攀,陈官林.声发射机械密封端面摩擦状态识别[J].中国测试,2016,42(9):101-104.ZHU A H,FU P,CHEN G L.Recognition of the friction state of mechanical seal face based on acoustic emission[J].China Measurement&Test,2016,42(9):101-104.
[15]于金涛,赵树延,王祁.基于经验模态分解和小波变换声发射信号去噪[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2011,43(10):88-92.YU J T,ZHAO S Y,WANG Q.De-nosing of acoustic emission signals based on empiricalmode decomposition and wavelet transform[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2011,43(10):88-92.
[16]葛贞笛,张尔卿,傅攀.粒子滤波在机械密封端面接触状态声发射监测中的应用[J].润滑与密封,2015,40(4):95-101.GE Z D,ZHANG E Q,FU P.Application of particle filter on mechanical seal contact condition monitoring of acoustic emission[J].Lubrication Engineering,2015,40(4):95-101.
[17]葛贞笛,傅攀,张尔卿.基于自校正Kalman滤波的液膜密封端面摩擦状态监测技术[J].润滑与密封,2016,41(4):106-110.GE Z D,FU P,ZHANG E Q.Monitoring technique of film seal face friction condition based on Kalman filtering[J].Lubrication Engineering,2016,41(4):106-110.
[18]樊巍.机械密封端面接触状态监测技术研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2015.
[19]林志斌,傅攀,张尔卿,等.基于声发射和小波神经网络的机械密封状态分类新方法[J].润滑与密封,2014,39(9):40-45.LIN Z B,FU P,ZHANG E Q,et al.A new classifying method for mechanical seal condition based on acoustic emission and wavelet neural network[J].Lubrication Engineering,2014,39(9):40-45.
[20]廖传军,王道连,王洪锐,等.机械密封碰摩声发射信号的特征提取方法研究[J].机械设计与制造,2014(7):208-211.LIAO C J,WANG D L,WANG H R,et al.Study on feature extraction method of rub-impact AE signals of mechanical seals[J].Machinery Design&Manufacture,2014(7):208-211.
[21]夏雄.气体密封端面运行状态监测和故障诊断技术的研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2012.
[22]HUANG W,LIN Y,GAO Z,et al.An acoustic emission study on the starting and stopping processes of a dry gas seal for pumps[J].Tribology Letters,2013,49(2):379-384.
[23]张菲,傅攀,樊巍.基于DHMM的机械密封端面膜厚识别技术的研究[J].流体机械,2016,44(3):11-17.ZHANG F,FU P,FAN W.Mechanical seal end face film thickness state recognition based on DHMM[J].Fluid Machinery,2016,44(3):11-17.
[24]陈官林,傅攀,朱奥辉.基于DHMM和SVM的机械密封端面接触状态识别[J].润滑与密封,2016,41(8):88-91.CHEN G L,FU P,ZHU A H.Identification of mechanical seal end face contact state based on DHMM and SVM[J].Lubrication Engineering,2016,41(8):88-91.
[25]朱奥辉,傅攀,陈官林.基于Elman神经网络与PSO算法的机械密封端面摩擦状态识别[J].润滑与密封,2016,41(9):93-96,101.ZHU A H,FU P,CHEN G L.Recognition on friction state of mechanical seal face based on Elman neural network and PSOalgorithm[J].Lubrication Engineering,2016,41(9):93-96,101.
[26]DENNY D F.Some measurements of fluid pressures between plane parallel thrust surfaces with special reference to the balancing of radial face seals[J].Wear,1961,4(1):64-83.
[27]SUMMERS-SMITH J D.Laboratory investigation of the performance of a radial-face seal[C]//Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Fluid Sealing.Cranfield:BHRA,1961.
[28]ORCUTT F K.An investigation of the operation and failure of mechanical face seals[C]//Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Fluid Sealing.Philadelphia:ASLE,1969.
[29]LYMER A.An engineering approach to the selection and application of mechanical seals[C]//Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Fluid Sealing.Pennsylvania:BHRA,1969:239-246.
[30]LEBECK A O,CHIOU B C.Two phase mechanical face seal operation:experimental and theoretical observations[C]//Proceedings of the 11th Annual Turbomachinery Symposium,Texas:BHRA,1982:14-16.
[31]HARRISON D,WATKINS R.Evaluation of the Forties Main Oil Line Pump Seals[C]//Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Fluid Sealing.Innsbruck:BHRA,1984:3-5.
[32]刘录,张学忠.变工况条件下机械密封端面稳定性实验研究[J].润滑与密封,2009,34(4):64-66LIU L,ZHANG X Z.Experimental study of mechanical seal face stability in changing conditions[J].Lubrication Engineering,2009,34(4):64-66.
[33]NAU B S.Research in mechanical seals[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part C:Mechanical Engineering Science,1990,204(6):349-376.
[34]RHODES D B,HILL R C,WENSEL R G.Reactor coolant pump shaft seal stability during station blackout[R].Technical Report,NUREG/CR-4821;EGG-2492;AECL-9342h,1987.
[2]耿荣生.声发射技术发展现状:学会成立20周年回顾[J].无损检测,1998,20(6):151-154.GENG R S.Recent development of acoustic emission:twentyyear review of Chinese society for NDT[J].Nondestructive Testing,1998,20(6):151-154.
[3]耿荣生,沈功田,刘时风.声发射信号处理和分析技术[J].无损检测,2002,24(1):23-28.GENG R S,SHEN G T,LIU S F.An overview on the development of acoustic emission signal processing and analysis technique[J].Nondestructive Testing,2002,24(1):23-28.
[4]沈功田,戴光,刘时风.中国声发射检测技术进展:学会成立25周年纪念[J].无损检测,2003,25(6):302-307.SHEN G T,DAI G,LIU S F.Acoustic emission testing progress in China:celebration for the 25th anniversary of Chinese society for NDT[J].Nondestructive Testing,2003,25(6):302-307.
[5]ORCUTT F K.An investigation of the operation and failure of mechanical face seals[J].Journal of Lubrication Technology,1969,91(4):713-725.
[6]LINGARD S,YU C W,YAU C F.Sliding wear studies using acoustic emission[J].Wear,1993,162/163/164:597-604.
[7]MIETTINEN J,SIEKKINEN V.Acoustic emission in monitoring sliding contact behaviour[J].Wear,1995,181:897-900.
[8]SUN J,WOODR,WANG L,et al.Wear monitoring of bearing steel using electrostatic and acoustic emission techniques[J].Wear,2005,259:1482-1489.
[9]MBA D,ROBERTS T,TAHERI E,et al.Application of acoustic emission technology for detecting the onset and duration of contact in liquid lubricated mechanical seals[J].Insight-Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring,2006,48(8):486-487.
[10]FAN Y B,GU F S,BALL A.Acoustic emission monitoring of mechanical seals using MUSIC algorithm based on higher order statistics[C].Key Engineering Materials,2009,413/414:811-816.
[11]高志,林尤滨,黄伟峰,等.干气密封启动过程中的声发射信号特征[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2013,53(3):319-322.GAO Z,LIN Y B,HUANG W F,et al.Acoustic emission characteristics of dry gas seals during startup[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2013,53(3):319-322.
[12]张尔卿,傅攀,吴希曦,等.基于声发射主轴机械密封端面开启状态识别技术[J].润滑与密封,2014,39(4):67-73.ZHANG E Q,FU P,WU X X,et al.Study on mechanical seal lift-off recognition of main shaft based on acoustic emission[J].Lubrication Engineering,2014,39(4):67-73.
[13]江雁.流体动压型机械密封开启过程的声发射特征监测研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2015.
[14]朱奥辉,傅攀,陈官林.声发射机械密封端面摩擦状态识别[J].中国测试,2016,42(9):101-104.ZHU A H,FU P,CHEN G L.Recognition of the friction state of mechanical seal face based on acoustic emission[J].China Measurement&Test,2016,42(9):101-104.
[15]于金涛,赵树延,王祁.基于经验模态分解和小波变换声发射信号去噪[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2011,43(10):88-92.YU J T,ZHAO S Y,WANG Q.De-nosing of acoustic emission signals based on empiricalmode decomposition and wavelet transform[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2011,43(10):88-92.
[16]葛贞笛,张尔卿,傅攀.粒子滤波在机械密封端面接触状态声发射监测中的应用[J].润滑与密封,2015,40(4):95-101.GE Z D,ZHANG E Q,FU P.Application of particle filter on mechanical seal contact condition monitoring of acoustic emission[J].Lubrication Engineering,2015,40(4):95-101.
[17]葛贞笛,傅攀,张尔卿.基于自校正Kalman滤波的液膜密封端面摩擦状态监测技术[J].润滑与密封,2016,41(4):106-110.GE Z D,FU P,ZHANG E Q.Monitoring technique of film seal face friction condition based on Kalman filtering[J].Lubrication Engineering,2016,41(4):106-110.
[18]樊巍.机械密封端面接触状态监测技术研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2015.
[19]林志斌,傅攀,张尔卿,等.基于声发射和小波神经网络的机械密封状态分类新方法[J].润滑与密封,2014,39(9):40-45.LIN Z B,FU P,ZHANG E Q,et al.A new classifying method for mechanical seal condition based on acoustic emission and wavelet neural network[J].Lubrication Engineering,2014,39(9):40-45.
[20]廖传军,王道连,王洪锐,等.机械密封碰摩声发射信号的特征提取方法研究[J].机械设计与制造,2014(7):208-211.LIAO C J,WANG D L,WANG H R,et al.Study on feature extraction method of rub-impact AE signals of mechanical seals[J].Machinery Design&Manufacture,2014(7):208-211.
[21]夏雄.气体密封端面运行状态监测和故障诊断技术的研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2012.
[22]HUANG W,LIN Y,GAO Z,et al.An acoustic emission study on the starting and stopping processes of a dry gas seal for pumps[J].Tribology Letters,2013,49(2):379-384.
[23]张菲,傅攀,樊巍.基于DHMM的机械密封端面膜厚识别技术的研究[J].流体机械,2016,44(3):11-17.ZHANG F,FU P,FAN W.Mechanical seal end face film thickness state recognition based on DHMM[J].Fluid Machinery,2016,44(3):11-17.
[24]陈官林,傅攀,朱奥辉.基于DHMM和SVM的机械密封端面接触状态识别[J].润滑与密封,2016,41(8):88-91.CHEN G L,FU P,ZHU A H.Identification of mechanical seal end face contact state based on DHMM and SVM[J].Lubrication Engineering,2016,41(8):88-91.
[25]朱奥辉,傅攀,陈官林.基于Elman神经网络与PSO算法的机械密封端面摩擦状态识别[J].润滑与密封,2016,41(9):93-96,101.ZHU A H,FU P,CHEN G L.Recognition on friction state of mechanical seal face based on Elman neural network and PSOalgorithm[J].Lubrication Engineering,2016,41(9):93-96,101.
[26]DENNY D F.Some measurements of fluid pressures between plane parallel thrust surfaces with special reference to the balancing of radial face seals[J].Wear,1961,4(1):64-83.
[27]SUMMERS-SMITH J D.Laboratory investigation of the performance of a radial-face seal[C]//Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Fluid Sealing.Cranfield:BHRA,1961.
[28]ORCUTT F K.An investigation of the operation and failure of mechanical face seals[C]//Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Fluid Sealing.Philadelphia:ASLE,1969.
[29]LYMER A.An engineering approach to the selection and application of mechanical seals[C]//Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Fluid Sealing.Pennsylvania:BHRA,1969:239-246.
[30]LEBECK A O,CHIOU B C.Two phase mechanical face seal operation:experimental and theoretical observations[C]//Proceedings of the 11th Annual Turbomachinery Symposium,Texas:BHRA,1982:14-16.
[31]HARRISON D,WATKINS R.Evaluation of the Forties Main Oil Line Pump Seals[C]//Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Fluid Sealing.Innsbruck:BHRA,1984:3-5.
[32]刘录,张学忠.变工况条件下机械密封端面稳定性实验研究[J].润滑与密封,2009,34(4):64-66LIU L,ZHANG X Z.Experimental study of mechanical seal face stability in changing conditions[J].Lubrication Engineering,2009,34(4):64-66.
[33]NAU B S.Research in mechanical seals[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part C:Mechanical Engineering Science,1990,204(6):349-376.
[34]RHODES D B,HILL R C,WENSEL R G.Reactor coolant pump shaft seal stability during station blackout[R].Technical Report,NUREG/CR-4821;EGG-2492;AECL-9342h,1987.
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