叠前深度偏移技术在北黄海盆地东部坳陷中的应用
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摘要
北黄海盆地东部坳陷地质构造复杂,断裂特征及地层接触关系不清楚,横向凹陷与隆起的构造起伏大,造成速度横向变化剧烈,由时间偏移得到的地质成像不准确,因此必须通过深度偏移得到地震数据的地质成像。从研究区复杂构造地质背景出发,阐述了叠前深度偏移原理和技术路线,对该区三维地震资料分别应用了Kirchhoff积分法叠前深度偏移和逆时叠前深度偏移两种算法。从时间偏移和深度成像效果的对比可以看出,深度偏移较时间偏移更能够表征地下真实成像位置,深度偏移在陡倾角成像上更加合理、陡倾角连续性增强,波组特征明显,尤其在断面成像上更加清晰;从两种深度偏移算法成像效果的对比可以看出,逆时深度偏移算法在陡倾角复杂构造区和深层反射层段的成像效果上较Kirchhoff积分法更佳,前者成果数据的保真性更高,能为叠前反演提供较好的原始资料。
The geological structure is complicated in eastern Depression of the North Yellow Sea Basin, in which the fault characteristics and stratigraphic contact relationship are not clear. The structure relief in Eastern Depression is obvious between sag and uplift causing severe lateral velocity variation, and the imagining results obtained by time migration are inaccurate. Therefore, the better imaging profiles must be obtained by application of depth migration in the study area. Based on the complex geological background of the study area, the principle and technical route of pre-stack depth migration are expounded, and two migration methods are usedto process the 3 D seismic data, namely the Kirchhoff integral and the reverse-time pre-stack depth migration.By comparison of the effects of time and depth migration, it reveals that depth migration results represent the real imaging position of the ground, show more reasonable in steep dip situation with enhancement of consistency, have more obvious characteristics of wave group in depth migration profiles, and get the more distinct imaging of fault surface. By comparison of the effects of two different pre-stack depth migration, it shows that reverse-time pre-stack depth migration gains better image in steep dip angle complex tectonic area and deep reflector segment than Kirchhoff integral pre-stack depth migration, which also gets higher data fidelity, so this migration method would provide preferable basic data for pre-stack inversion.
The geological structure is complicated in eastern Depression of the North Yellow Sea Basin, in which the fault characteristics and stratigraphic contact relationship are not clear. The structure relief in Eastern Depression is obvious between sag and uplift causing severe lateral velocity variation, and the imagining results obtained by time migration are inaccurate. Therefore, the better imaging profiles must be obtained by application of depth migration in the study area. Based on the complex geological background of the study area, the principle and technical route of pre-stack depth migration are expounded, and two migration methods are usedto process the 3 D seismic data, namely the Kirchhoff integral and the reverse-time pre-stack depth migration.By comparison of the effects of time and depth migration, it reveals that depth migration results represent the real imaging position of the ground, show more reasonable in steep dip situation with enhancement of consistency, have more obvious characteristics of wave group in depth migration profiles, and get the more distinct imaging of fault surface. By comparison of the effects of two different pre-stack depth migration, it shows that reverse-time pre-stack depth migration gains better image in steep dip angle complex tectonic area and deep reflector segment than Kirchhoff integral pre-stack depth migration, which also gets higher data fidelity, so this migration method would provide preferable basic data for pre-stack inversion.
引文
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[12]刘文岭,朱庆荣,戴晓峰,等.具有外部漂移的克里金方法在绘制构造图中的应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(4):404-406.
[13]杨振武.海洋石油地震勘探-资料采集与处理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012.
[2]王立飞,王衍棠,胡小强.北黄海盆地西部坳陷地层与沉积特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010,3(3):97-104.
[3]刘振湖,高红芳,胡小强,等.北黄海盆地东部拗陷中生界含油气系统研究[J].中国海上油气地质,2007,19(4):229-233.
[4]王后金,王嘹亮,冯常茂.北黄海盆地的成盆动力学机制探讨[J].石油天然气学报,2014,36(5):1-7.
[5]胡小强,沈艳杰,高丹,等.北黄海盆地东部坳陷沉积层序充填与盆地演化[J].世界地质,2015,34(4):1 042-1051.
[6]何光明,贺振华,黄德济,等.叠前时间偏移技术在复杂地区三维资料处理中的应用[J].天然气工业,2006,26(5):46-48.
[7]王喜双,梁奇,徐凌,等.叠前深度偏移技术应用与进展[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(6):727-732.
[8]黄元溢,罗仁泽,王进海,等.几种叠前深度偏移技术效果的对比[J].物探与化探,2011,35(6):798-803.
[9]罗银河,刘江平,俞国柱.叠前深度偏移评述[J].物探与化探,2004,28(6):540-545.
[10]何兵寿,张会星,魏修成,等.双程波动方程叠前逆时深度偏移的成像条件[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2):237-243.
[11]梅金顺,王润秋,于志龙,等.叠前深度偏移对速度场敏感性分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(3):372-378.
[12]刘文岭,朱庆荣,戴晓峰,等.具有外部漂移的克里金方法在绘制构造图中的应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(4):404-406.
[13]杨振武.海洋石油地震勘探-资料采集与处理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012.
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