城市收缩背景下外来人口政策满意度——以东莞为例
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摘要
2008年金融危机后东莞出现城市收缩现象,东莞城市政府出台了以户籍改革为核心的外来人口政策吸引人口定居、改善人口流失情况。然而,在政策实践中,不同特征人群对于外来人口政策的满意程度或有差异,但已有研究鲜有探讨这一问题。因此,文章从市民视角评价以户籍改革为核心的外来人口政策,重点对比未入户外来人口与已入户人口的政策满意度。基于2013年东莞外来人口工作生活的问卷调查数据,采用二元逻辑回归分析方法,探讨外来人口对于东莞城市政策的满意度及其影响因素。研究发现:全体外来人口中,高学历、没有因户口遇到教育/住房差别待遇、满意治安环境、参与公共政策制定的群体,对外来人口政策的满意度更高。对比未入户与已入户两类人群发现:已入户人群比未入户人群对于政策满意度更高;未入户人群对于住房、教育以及治安环境的关注更为明显;已入户人群则更为关注情感维度与社会融合。
Dongguan City shrank under the influence of the financial crisis in 2008. The shrinkage has brought about a series of problems, such as the loss of population and the decline of urban competitiveness. In order to effectively alleviate these, Dongguan municipal government has introduced the migrant population policy to attract the migrant population to settle down. Previous studies on migrant population policy satisfaction mostly focus on single policy, such as job satisfaction, employment satisfaction and housing satisfaction. Moreover, the differences in policy satisfaction among different migrant population groups are ignored. Therefore, this paper evaluates the comprehensive foreign population policy(with the hukou system as its core) from the perspective of citizens, focusing on the comparison of the policy satisfaction of the non-resident foreign population and the new resident population and its influencing factors. Based on the 2013 survey in Dongguan, the study uses binary logistic regression analysis to explore the satisfaction of migrants toward Dongguan migrant policy and its determinants. The study found that among the migrant population, those with high educational background, no real estate in Dongguan, no differential treatment between education and housing due to hukou, satisfied with public security environment, and those who has participated in public policy making are more satisfied with the migrant population policy. In addition, on comparing non-hukou migrants with new citizens, the study found that new citizens hold a higher level of satisfaction. This suggests that foreign policy has been influential in some way. Due to the restrictions of hukou system and their economic conditions, Non-hukou migrants pay more attention to the problems of housing, children's obligations education and stable public security environment. In contrast, new citizens put more emphasis on the emotional dimension and social integration. Therefore, the urban migrant population policy should focus on the low-income non-hukou migrants, and focus on the basic education, the solution of housing problems and the security environment. In addition, the implementation of the public participation and the use of the internet and new media are effective ways to increase the popularity and satisfaction of policy. The government should also encourage local people and the migrant population to contribute ideas, so as to enhance the sense of identity and belonging of the migrant population. Finally, it is of great significance to pay attention to different urban shrinking backgrounds and understand the population's real demand for improving the quality of population urbanization and alleviating the urban shrinkage.
Dongguan City shrank under the influence of the financial crisis in 2008. The shrinkage has brought about a series of problems, such as the loss of population and the decline of urban competitiveness. In order to effectively alleviate these, Dongguan municipal government has introduced the migrant population policy to attract the migrant population to settle down. Previous studies on migrant population policy satisfaction mostly focus on single policy, such as job satisfaction, employment satisfaction and housing satisfaction. Moreover, the differences in policy satisfaction among different migrant population groups are ignored. Therefore, this paper evaluates the comprehensive foreign population policy(with the hukou system as its core) from the perspective of citizens, focusing on the comparison of the policy satisfaction of the non-resident foreign population and the new resident population and its influencing factors. Based on the 2013 survey in Dongguan, the study uses binary logistic regression analysis to explore the satisfaction of migrants toward Dongguan migrant policy and its determinants. The study found that among the migrant population, those with high educational background, no real estate in Dongguan, no differential treatment between education and housing due to hukou, satisfied with public security environment, and those who has participated in public policy making are more satisfied with the migrant population policy. In addition, on comparing non-hukou migrants with new citizens, the study found that new citizens hold a higher level of satisfaction. This suggests that foreign policy has been influential in some way. Due to the restrictions of hukou system and their economic conditions, Non-hukou migrants pay more attention to the problems of housing, children's obligations education and stable public security environment. In contrast, new citizens put more emphasis on the emotional dimension and social integration. Therefore, the urban migrant population policy should focus on the low-income non-hukou migrants, and focus on the basic education, the solution of housing problems and the security environment. In addition, the implementation of the public participation and the use of the internet and new media are effective ways to increase the popularity and satisfaction of policy. The government should also encourage local people and the migrant population to contribute ideas, so as to enhance the sense of identity and belonging of the migrant population. Finally, it is of great significance to pay attention to different urban shrinking backgrounds and understand the population's real demand for improving the quality of population urbanization and alleviating the urban shrinkage.
引文
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符家铭,刘毅华.2018.广东省人口局部收缩特征及其影响因素--以东莞莞城为例.热带地理,38(4):525-535.[Fu Jiaming and Liu Yihua.2018.Characteristics and Factors of Shrinking Cities in Guangdong Province:A Case Study of Guancheng in Dongguan City.Tropical Geography,38(4):525-535.]
高舒琦.2015.收缩城市研究综述.城市规划学刊,37(3):44-49.[Gao Shuqi.2015.A Review of Researches on Shrinking Cities.Urban Planning Forum,37(3):44-49.]
李练军.2016.新生代农民工市民化政策满意度及影响因素.华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),15(3):47-53.[Li Lianjun.2016.A Study on the Degree of Satisfaction and Influencing Factors of New generation Migrant Workers Citizenization Policy.Journal of South China Agricultural University(Social Science Edition),15(3):47-53.]
李世龙.2015.新生代农民工住房满意度影响因素与对策研究.重庆大学学报(社会科学版),21(5):44-50.[Li Shilong.2015.Research on the influence factors and the countermeasures of the housing satisfaction of the new generation of migrant workers.Journal of Chongqing University(Social Science Edition),21(5):44-50.]
李郇,杜志威,李先锋.2015.珠江三角洲城镇收缩的空间分布与机制.现代城市研究,32(9):36-43.[Li Xun,Du Zhiwei and Li Xianfeng.2015.The Spatial Distribution and Mechanism of City Shrinkage in the Pearl River Delta.Modern Urban Research,32(9):36-43.]
刘继云,史忠良.2009.地方政府推进产业升级转型--以东莞为例.经济与管理研究,30(3):53-60.[Liu JiYun and ShiZhong Liang.2009.Local government promoting industrial upgrading-Taking Dongguan as an example.Economic and Management Studies,30(3):53-60.]
秦小珍,杜志威.2017.金融危机背景下农村城镇化地区收缩及规划应对--以东莞市长安镇上沙村为例.规划师,(1):33-38.[Qin Xiaozhen and Du Zhiwei.2017.Shrinkage And Planning Respond Of Urbanized Countryside In Financial Crisis:Shangsha Village,Chang’an Town,Dongguan City.Planners,(1):33-38.]
Rūta Ubarevi?ien?,Maarten van Ham and Donatas Burneika.2016.Shrinking Regions in a Shrinking Country:The Geography of Population Decline in Lithuania 2001-2011.(2016-02-25)[2017-09-11].https://www.hindawi.com/journals/usr/2016/5395379/.
孙霄汉.2009.东莞模式的成就、挑战与未来.广东行政学院学报,21(1):72-76.[Sun Xiaohan.2009.The achievements,challenges and future of the Dongguan model.Journal of Guangdong Administration College,21(1):72-76.]
陶建杰.2013.新生代农民工的信息满意度及影响因素研究--兼与老一代农民工的比较.中国青年研究,(8):24-30.[Tao Jianjie.2013.Information satisfaction and influencing factors of the new generation of migrant workers.Chinese Youth Research,(8):24-30.]
王济川,郭志刚.2001.Logistic回归模型:方法与应用:北京:高等教育出版社.[Wang Jichuan and Guo ZhiGang.2001.Logistic Regression Model:Methods and Applications.Beijing:Higher Education Press.]
王晓易.2014.东莞深圳中山外来人口比例前三名.(2014-12-31)[2017-09-11].http://news.163.com/14/1231/08/AEPG7JQM00014AED.html.[Wang Xiaoyi.2014.Dongguan,Shenzhen,Zhongshan,the proportion of foreign immigrants in the top three.(2014-12-31)[2017-09-11].http://news.163.com/14/1231/08/AEPG7JQM00014AED.html.]
王自亮,孙仕祺.2014.外来人口劳动就业满意度实证分析--以杭州市为例.福建行政学院学报,(1):51-58.[Wang Ziliang and Sun Shiqi.2014.Empirical Analysis on Employment Satisfaction of Floating Population:Taking Hangzhou as an Example.Journal of Fujian Administration Institude,(1):51-58.]
吴冰,沈寅.2011.广东流动人口服务的“东莞模式”.(2011-08-02)[2017-09-11].http://news.cntv.cn/map/20110802/100879.shtml.[Wu Bing and Shen Yin.2011.“Dongguan model”of migrant population service in Guangdong.(2011-08-02)[2017-09-11].http://news.cntv.cn/map/20110802/100879.shtml.]
伍旭中,李亦含.2014.新生代农民工培训满意度及回报率的实证研究--基于四川成都、南充地区的调查.安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),37(4):401-408.[Wu Xuzhong and Li Yihan.2014.An Empirical Study on New Generation of Migrant Workers’Training Satisfaction and Rate of Return.Journal of Anhua Normal University(Natural Science),37(4):401-408.]
新莞人服务管理中心.2012.2012年东莞市积分制入户计分标准多项内容作调整,进一步完善计分指标设置、优化资料审核评分流程.(2012-07-05)[2017-09-17].http://www.qishi.gov.cn/Gov/Details.aspx?g MuCode=003010030010&gID=7263.[The new Dongguan people service management center.2012.Various contents of the annual household scoring standard in Dongguan were adjusted to further complete the scoring index setting and optimization data audit and scoring process.(2012-07-05)[2017-09-17].http://www.qishi.gov.cn/Gov/Details.aspx?gMuCode=003010030010&gID=7263.]
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(1)个人素质(文化程度、职业资格或专业技术职称和工作年限),社会贡献(参加献血、参加社区志愿服务、慈善捐赠和表彰奖励),参加社会保险情况,在莞投资纳税情况,激励条件(科技专利与成果、技能竞赛奖项、计划生育和地区引导),居住情况(在莞居住时间和居所情况)。
(2)所有镇街包括莞城街道、南城街道、东城街道、万江街道、石碣镇、石龙镇、茶山镇、石排镇、企石镇、横沥镇、桥头镇、谢岗镇、东坑镇、常平镇、寮步镇、大朗镇、黄江镇、清溪镇、塘厦镇、凤岗镇、长安镇、虎门镇、厚街镇、沙田镇、道滘镇、洪梅镇、麻涌镇、中堂镇、高埗镇、樟木头镇、大岭山镇和望牛墩镇32个镇街。
程名望,史清华,顾梦蛟.2013.农民工城镇就业满意度及其影响因素:模型与实证.经济理论与经济管理,33(5):35-44.[Cheng Mingwang,Shi Qinghua and Gu Mengjiao.2013.Employment satisfaction of migrant workers and its influencing factors:model and empirical analysis.Economic Theory and Business Management,33(5):35-44.]
褚荣伟,熊易寒,邹怡.2014.农民工社会认同的决定因素研究:基于上海的实证分析.社会,34(4):25-48.[Chu Rongwei,Xiong Yihan and Zou Yi.2014.The Determinant Factors of Migrant Worker’Social Identity:An Empirical Study in Shanghai.Society,34(4):25-48.]
东莞市政府.2010.东莞市人民政府关于印发《东莞市积分制入户暂行办法》和《东莞市积分制入户管理实施细则》的通知.(2011-05-01).[2017-09-06].http://www.pkulaw.cn/fulltext_form.aspx?Gid=324707cca97f958727ab8228cf1cb233bdfb&keyword=&Search_Mode=acc urate&Search_IsTitle=0.[Dongguan Municipal Government.2010.Circular of the people’s Government of Dongguan Municipality on printing and distributing the Interim Measures for entering into households at the Dongguan integral points system and the detailed rules for the implementation of the household management system of integral points in Dongguan.(2011-05-01).[2017-09-06].http://www.pkulaw.cn/fulltext_form.aspx?Gid=324 707cca97f958727 ab8228cf1cb233bdfb&keyword=&Search_Mode=accurate&Search_IsTitle=0.]
东莞市政府.2011.2011年东莞市积分制入户申办指引.(2011-06-09)[2017-09-17].http://zwgk.dg.gov.cn/007330985/0801/201609/1fcdd3502ada469fbadd3c292e8f6d39.shtml.[Dongguan Municipal Government.2011.Dongguan scoring system home bidding guidelines(2011-06-09)[2017-09-17].http://zwgk.dg.gov.cn/007330985/0801/201609/1fcdd3502ada469fbadd3c292e8f6d39.shtml.]
杜志威,李郇.2017.珠三角快速城镇化地区发展的增长与收缩新现象.地理学报,72(10):1800-1811.[Du Zhiwei and Li Xun.2017.Growth or shrinkage:New phenomena of regional development in the rapidly urbanizing Pearl River Delta.Acta Geographica Sinica,72(10):1800-1811.]
符家铭,刘毅华.2018.广东省人口局部收缩特征及其影响因素--以东莞莞城为例.热带地理,38(4):525-535.[Fu Jiaming and Liu Yihua.2018.Characteristics and Factors of Shrinking Cities in Guangdong Province:A Case Study of Guancheng in Dongguan City.Tropical Geography,38(4):525-535.]
高舒琦.2015.收缩城市研究综述.城市规划学刊,37(3):44-49.[Gao Shuqi.2015.A Review of Researches on Shrinking Cities.Urban Planning Forum,37(3):44-49.]
李练军.2016.新生代农民工市民化政策满意度及影响因素.华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),15(3):47-53.[Li Lianjun.2016.A Study on the Degree of Satisfaction and Influencing Factors of New generation Migrant Workers Citizenization Policy.Journal of South China Agricultural University(Social Science Edition),15(3):47-53.]
李世龙.2015.新生代农民工住房满意度影响因素与对策研究.重庆大学学报(社会科学版),21(5):44-50.[Li Shilong.2015.Research on the influence factors and the countermeasures of the housing satisfaction of the new generation of migrant workers.Journal of Chongqing University(Social Science Edition),21(5):44-50.]
李郇,杜志威,李先锋.2015.珠江三角洲城镇收缩的空间分布与机制.现代城市研究,32(9):36-43.[Li Xun,Du Zhiwei and Li Xianfeng.2015.The Spatial Distribution and Mechanism of City Shrinkage in the Pearl River Delta.Modern Urban Research,32(9):36-43.]
刘继云,史忠良.2009.地方政府推进产业升级转型--以东莞为例.经济与管理研究,30(3):53-60.[Liu JiYun and ShiZhong Liang.2009.Local government promoting industrial upgrading-Taking Dongguan as an example.Economic and Management Studies,30(3):53-60.]
秦小珍,杜志威.2017.金融危机背景下农村城镇化地区收缩及规划应对--以东莞市长安镇上沙村为例.规划师,(1):33-38.[Qin Xiaozhen and Du Zhiwei.2017.Shrinkage And Planning Respond Of Urbanized Countryside In Financial Crisis:Shangsha Village,Chang’an Town,Dongguan City.Planners,(1):33-38.]
Rūta Ubarevi?ien?,Maarten van Ham and Donatas Burneika.2016.Shrinking Regions in a Shrinking Country:The Geography of Population Decline in Lithuania 2001-2011.(2016-02-25)[2017-09-11].https://www.hindawi.com/journals/usr/2016/5395379/.
孙霄汉.2009.东莞模式的成就、挑战与未来.广东行政学院学报,21(1):72-76.[Sun Xiaohan.2009.The achievements,challenges and future of the Dongguan model.Journal of Guangdong Administration College,21(1):72-76.]
陶建杰.2013.新生代农民工的信息满意度及影响因素研究--兼与老一代农民工的比较.中国青年研究,(8):24-30.[Tao Jianjie.2013.Information satisfaction and influencing factors of the new generation of migrant workers.Chinese Youth Research,(8):24-30.]
王济川,郭志刚.2001.Logistic回归模型:方法与应用:北京:高等教育出版社.[Wang Jichuan and Guo ZhiGang.2001.Logistic Regression Model:Methods and Applications.Beijing:Higher Education Press.]
王晓易.2014.东莞深圳中山外来人口比例前三名.(2014-12-31)[2017-09-11].http://news.163.com/14/1231/08/AEPG7JQM00014AED.html.[Wang Xiaoyi.2014.Dongguan,Shenzhen,Zhongshan,the proportion of foreign immigrants in the top three.(2014-12-31)[2017-09-11].http://news.163.com/14/1231/08/AEPG7JQM00014AED.html.]
王自亮,孙仕祺.2014.外来人口劳动就业满意度实证分析--以杭州市为例.福建行政学院学报,(1):51-58.[Wang Ziliang and Sun Shiqi.2014.Empirical Analysis on Employment Satisfaction of Floating Population:Taking Hangzhou as an Example.Journal of Fujian Administration Institude,(1):51-58.]
吴冰,沈寅.2011.广东流动人口服务的“东莞模式”.(2011-08-02)[2017-09-11].http://news.cntv.cn/map/20110802/100879.shtml.[Wu Bing and Shen Yin.2011.“Dongguan model”of migrant population service in Guangdong.(2011-08-02)[2017-09-11].http://news.cntv.cn/map/20110802/100879.shtml.]
伍旭中,李亦含.2014.新生代农民工培训满意度及回报率的实证研究--基于四川成都、南充地区的调查.安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),37(4):401-408.[Wu Xuzhong and Li Yihan.2014.An Empirical Study on New Generation of Migrant Workers’Training Satisfaction and Rate of Return.Journal of Anhua Normal University(Natural Science),37(4):401-408.]
新莞人服务管理中心.2012.2012年东莞市积分制入户计分标准多项内容作调整,进一步完善计分指标设置、优化资料审核评分流程.(2012-07-05)[2017-09-17].http://www.qishi.gov.cn/Gov/Details.aspx?g MuCode=003010030010&gID=7263.[The new Dongguan people service management center.2012.Various contents of the annual household scoring standard in Dongguan were adjusted to further complete the scoring index setting and optimization data audit and scoring process.(2012-07-05)[2017-09-17].http://www.qishi.gov.cn/Gov/Details.aspx?gMuCode=003010030010&gID=7263.]
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