非洲猪瘟的流行概况及防控策略
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摘要
非洲猪瘟(ASF)由非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)引起家猪和野猪的一种高度接触性、致死性传染病,本病发病过程短,发病率和死亡率最高可达100%。目前,针对ASF的防控既无有效的疫苗,也无有效的治疗方法,一旦发生只能全群扑杀。我国生猪的养殖量约占全球的1/2,ASF疫情的蔓延将对我国生猪养殖造成重大危害,防控和根除ASF刻不容缓。由于对ASF的流行特点、传播途径、感染机制等的研究还不深入,对本病的防控还缺少更加有效的措施,还有待做全面深入的研究。本研究通过介绍ASF的流行概况、传染源、扩散途径、以及国外防控ASF的主要措施,分析其失败与成功的原因,借鉴其制定的根除计划及采取的防控措施,以期为我国ASF的防控提供参考。
African swine fever(ASF) is caused by African swine fever virus(ASFV),which is a highly contacted and fatal infectious disease of domestic pigs and wild boars.The disease has a short onset process,with a morbidity and mortality rate of up to 100%.At present,there is no effective vaccine for the prevention and control of ASF,and there is no effective treatment.Once it happens,the entire group will be culled.The breeding of pigs in China accounts for about half of the world.The spread of ASF will cause serious harm to pig breeding in China.It is imperative to prevent and control ASF.The research on the epidemiological characteristics,transmission routes and infection mechanisms of ASF is still not deep,there is still a lack of more effective measures for the prevention and control of this disease,and further comprehensive research is still needed.In this research,the epidemic situation of ASF,the source of infection,the way of spread and the main measures to prevent and control ASF in other countries are introduced,also the failures and success reasons of their major measures to prevent and control ASF were analyzed,and drew on the eradication plan and prevention and control measures it has formulated,hoping that these knowledge will provide a reference for prevention and control ASF in China.
African swine fever(ASF) is caused by African swine fever virus(ASFV),which is a highly contacted and fatal infectious disease of domestic pigs and wild boars.The disease has a short onset process,with a morbidity and mortality rate of up to 100%.At present,there is no effective vaccine for the prevention and control of ASF,and there is no effective treatment.Once it happens,the entire group will be culled.The breeding of pigs in China accounts for about half of the world.The spread of ASF will cause serious harm to pig breeding in China.It is imperative to prevent and control ASF.The research on the epidemiological characteristics,transmission routes and infection mechanisms of ASF is still not deep,there is still a lack of more effective measures for the prevention and control of this disease,and further comprehensive research is still needed.In this research,the epidemic situation of ASF,the source of infection,the way of spread and the main measures to prevent and control ASF in other countries are introduced,also the failures and success reasons of their major measures to prevent and control ASF were analyzed,and drew on the eradication plan and prevention and control measures it has formulated,hoping that these knowledge will provide a reference for prevention and control ASF in China.
引文
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[13] 陈腾,张守峰,周鑫韬,等.我国首次非洲猪瘟疫病情的发现和流行分析[J].中国兽医学报,2018,38(9):1831-1832.
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[15] KOLBASOVD D,TITOVI I,TSYBANOV S,et al.African swine fever virus,Siberia,Russia,2017[J].Emerg Infect Dis,2018,24(4):796-798.
[16] ZHOU X,LI N,LUO Y,et al.Emergence of African swine fever in China,2018[J].Transbound.Emerg Dis,2018(8):1-3.
[17] 魏澍,段亚良,李树博,等.我国首例非洲猪瘟的流行病学调查[J].现代畜牧兽医,2018(10):48-50.
[18] CHENAIS E,ST?HL K,GUBERTI V,et al.Identification of wild boar-habitat epidemiologic cycle in african swine fever epizootic[J].Emerg Infect Dis,2018,24(4):810-812.
[19] 戈胜强,李金明,任炜杰,等.非洲猪瘟在俄罗斯的流行与研究现状[J].微生物学通报,2017,44(12):3067-3076.
[20] 李勇生,贺奋义,郭慧琳,等.非洲猪瘟全球流行情况及传入我国的风险分析[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2016,35(3):61-62.
[21] 戈胜强,孙成友,吴晓东,等.西班牙非洲猪瘟根除计划的经验与借鉴[J].中国兽医学报,2016,36(7):1256-1258.
[2] 欧云文,马小元,王俊,等.非洲猪瘟分子病原学及分子流行病学研究进展[J].中国兽医学报,2018,38(2):416-420.
[3] 张永强,吴晓东,王志亮.非洲猪瘟的流行历史与现状[J].中国动物检疫,2015,32(9):11-15.
[4] 戈胜强,吴晓东,李金明,等.巴西非洲猪瘟根除计划的经验与借鉴[J].中国兽医学报,2017,37(5):961-964.
[5] STEYN D G.Preliminary report on a South African virus disease amongst pigs[J].Onderstepoort J Vet Res,1928(1):415-428.
[6] 孙洪涛,彭程,宋建德,等.全球非洲猪瘟流行情况及对我国的威胁[J].中国动物检疫,2017,34(4):24-27+31.
[7] LUBISI B A,BASTOS A D,DWARKA R M,et al Molecular epidemiology of African swine fever in East Africa[J].Arch Virol,2005,150(12):2439-2452
[8] BASTOS A D S,PENRITH M L,MACOME F,et al.Co-circulation of two genetically distinct viruses in an outbreak of African swine fever in Mozambique:no evidence for individual co-infection[J].Vet Microbiol,2004,103(3/4):169-182.
[9] OIE.African swine fever,Georgia[EB/OL].(2007-06-05).http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Reviewreport/Review?page_refer=MapFull-Event-Report&reportid=5720.
[10] 戈胜强,吴晓东,张志诚,等.非洲猪瘟疫苗研究进展[J].畜牧兽医学报,2016,47(1):10-15.
[11] ROWLANDS R J,MICHAUD V,HEATH L,et al.African swine fever virus isolate,Georgia,2007[J].Emerg Infect Dis,2008,14(12):1870-1874.
[12] 王清华,任炜杰,包静月,等.我国首例非洲猪瘟的确诊[J].中国动物检疫,2018,35(9):1-4.
[13] 陈腾,张守峰,周鑫韬,等.我国首次非洲猪瘟疫病情的发现和流行分析[J].中国兽医学报,2018,38(9):1831-1832.
[14] GALINDO I,ALONSO C.African swine fever virus:a review[J].Viruses,2017,9(5):672-686.
[15] KOLBASOVD D,TITOVI I,TSYBANOV S,et al.African swine fever virus,Siberia,Russia,2017[J].Emerg Infect Dis,2018,24(4):796-798.
[16] ZHOU X,LI N,LUO Y,et al.Emergence of African swine fever in China,2018[J].Transbound.Emerg Dis,2018(8):1-3.
[17] 魏澍,段亚良,李树博,等.我国首例非洲猪瘟的流行病学调查[J].现代畜牧兽医,2018(10):48-50.
[18] CHENAIS E,ST?HL K,GUBERTI V,et al.Identification of wild boar-habitat epidemiologic cycle in african swine fever epizootic[J].Emerg Infect Dis,2018,24(4):810-812.
[19] 戈胜强,李金明,任炜杰,等.非洲猪瘟在俄罗斯的流行与研究现状[J].微生物学通报,2017,44(12):3067-3076.
[20] 李勇生,贺奋义,郭慧琳,等.非洲猪瘟全球流行情况及传入我国的风险分析[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2016,35(3):61-62.
[21] 戈胜强,孙成友,吴晓东,等.西班牙非洲猪瘟根除计划的经验与借鉴[J].中国兽医学报,2016,36(7):1256-1258.