基于正交试验设计的45钢激光表面强化工艺优化
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摘要
利用激光表面重熔强化技术对45钢表面进行重熔处理,以显微硬度和磨损率为考察指标,采用正交试验方法考察激光功率、扫描速度、光斑直径和脉宽4个参数对45钢表面综合性能的影响。结果表明:4个参数对45钢表面综合性能的影响作用由主到次的顺序依次为激光功率、光斑直径、扫描速度、脉宽;最优的激光表面强化工艺参数为激光功率650 W,扫描速度100 mm/min,光斑直径4 mm,脉宽2.4 ms。利用硬度测试仪和摩擦磨损试验机,对采用最优的激光表面强化工艺参数制备的试样的显微硬度和磨损率进行测试,结果表明:采用优化参数制备的试样的激光强化层硬度值分布较为均匀,且硬度值也较高,且与优化前试样相比磨损率明显降低;优化前试样磨损机制为疲劳磨损、磨粒磨损、黏着磨损,优化后试样磨损表面仅有一些微小的划痕,耐磨性能明显改善。
The surface of 45 steel was remelted by using laser surface remelting strengthening technology.With microhardness and wear rate as indicators,the indluence of laser power,scanning speed,beam diameter and pulse width on the comprehensive properties of 45 steel was investigated.It is found that laser power has the greatest influence on the comprehensive properties of 45 steel surface,followed by spot diameter,scanning velocity,laser pulse width.The optimum laser surface hardening parameters are 650 W of laser power,100 mm/min of scanning speed,4 mm of spot diameter and 2.4 ms of pulse width.The micro hardness and wear rate of the samples prepared by optimum laser surface hardening parameters were tested by hardness tester and friction and wear tester.The results show that the hardness distribution of laser hardening layer prepared with optimized parameters is more uniform and the hardness value is higher,the wear rate is obviously lower than that of the sample before parameter optimization.The wear mechanism of the samples before parameter optimization is fatigue wear,abrasive wear and adhesion wear.After optimization,there are only some small scratches on the wear surface of the samples,and the wear resistance is obviously improved.
The surface of 45 steel was remelted by using laser surface remelting strengthening technology.With microhardness and wear rate as indicators,the indluence of laser power,scanning speed,beam diameter and pulse width on the comprehensive properties of 45 steel was investigated.It is found that laser power has the greatest influence on the comprehensive properties of 45 steel surface,followed by spot diameter,scanning velocity,laser pulse width.The optimum laser surface hardening parameters are 650 W of laser power,100 mm/min of scanning speed,4 mm of spot diameter and 2.4 ms of pulse width.The micro hardness and wear rate of the samples prepared by optimum laser surface hardening parameters were tested by hardness tester and friction and wear tester.The results show that the hardness distribution of laser hardening layer prepared with optimized parameters is more uniform and the hardness value is higher,the wear rate is obviously lower than that of the sample before parameter optimization.The wear mechanism of the samples before parameter optimization is fatigue wear,abrasive wear and adhesion wear.After optimization,there are only some small scratches on the wear surface of the samples,and the wear resistance is obviously improved.
引文
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[4]张伟.钼对高铬铸铁激光熔覆层组织和硬度的影响[J].金属热处理,2016,41(3):170-174.ZHANG W.Influence of Mo on microstructure and hardness of high Cr cast iron laser cladding layer[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2016,41(3):170-174.
[5]刘春阁,邱星武.激光硬化表面处理技术及其应用现状[J].稀有金属与硬质合金,2012,40(1):62-64.LIU C G,QIU X W.Laser hardening surface treatment technology and its present application[J].Rare Metals and Cemented Carbides,2012,40(1):62-64.
[6]钟厉,王立文,杨再强.激光淬火预处理对40 Cr钢离子碳氮氧硫共渗层组织与性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2014,39(3):53-56.ZHONG L,WANG L W,YANG Z Q.Effects of laser hardening pretreatment on microstructure and properties of 40Cr steel ion NCOS Co-diffusion layer[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2014,39(3):53-56.
[7]段松,秦茶,李碧波.激光淬火处理后半高速钢的组织及性能[J].金属热处理,2015,40(9):76-78.DUAN S,QIN C,LI B B.Microstructure and properties of semiHSS treated by laser quenching[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2015,40(9):76-78.
[8]吴华春,李名尧.激光相变硬化在模具表面处理中的应用现状[J].热加工工艺,2011,40(2):145-147.WU H C,LI M Y.Application status of laser transformation hardening in mould surface processing[J].Material&Heat Treatment,2011,40(2):145-147.
[9]王振霞,陈丽红,单小林,等.TC4表面等离子Ni改性层摩擦磨损研究[J].表面技术,2015,44(1):92-95.WANG Z X,CHEN L H,SHAN X L,et al.Study on friction and wear of plasma Ni modified layer on surface of TC4[J].Surface Technology,2015,44(1):92-95.
[10]马建龙,李国禄,王海斗,等.超音速等离子喷涂工艺对纳米Al2O3-13%Ti O2涂层的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2014,35(2):126-130.MA J L,LI G L,WANG H D,et al.Influence of supersonic plasma spraying process on nanostructure Al2O3-13%Ti O2coating[J].Transactions of Materials and Heart Treatment,2014,35(2):126-130.
[11]徐建林,闫成旗,朱圣宇,等.Ni3Al基自润滑复合材料摩擦学性能的研究[J].摩擦学学报,2012,32(6):584-591.XU J L,YAN C Q,ZHU S Y,et al.Tribological properties of Ni3Al matrix self-lubricating composites[J].Tribology,2012,32(6):584-591.
[12]宁智,王元刚,闫帅,等.激光重熔对Fe-Zr O2复合镀层形貌及性能的影响[J].表面技术,2014,43(4):101-105.NING Z,WANG Y G,YAN S,et al.Effects of laser remelting on surface morphology and properties of Fe-Zr O2composition coating[J].Surface Technology,2014,43(4):101-105.
[13]贾卫平,姚井龙,吴蒙华,等.激光重熔参数对镍基纳米Ti N复合电沉积镀层性能的影响[J].表面技术,2016,45(3):78-83.JIA W P,YAO J L,WU M H,et al.Effect of laser remelting parameters on properties of Nickel-based nano Ti N composite deposition coatings[J].Surface Technology,2016,45(3):78-83.
[14]杨宁,杨帆.激光功率对WO3-V2O5-C镍基熔覆层硬度的影响[J].表面技术,2013,42(5):39-41.YANG N,YANG F.Effect of laser power on the hardness of WO3-V2O5-Ni-based cladding layer[J].Surface Technology,2013,42(5):39-41.
[15]高霁,冯俊文,宋德阳.激光熔覆CBN膜层的形态特征及性能研究[J].表面技术,2014,43(4):27-31.GAO J,FENG J W,SONG D Y.Morphological characteristics and property of laser clad CBN coating[J].Surface Technology,2014,43(4):27-31.