中国竞技体育国家队组建模式改革思考——以中国(浙江)国家游泳队为视点
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摘要
国家体育总局与浙江省共建国家游泳队是中国竞技体育国家队组建模式改革的创新,其在管理机制、运动员选拔培养、梯队建设、成绩评价上特点突出。认为:在发挥国家队组建模式改革正面效应的同时,应克服政府职能转型滞后、行政路径存在依赖思维、利益分配机制不完善、社会参与力量较薄弱、扶持政策尚不健全、国家队成绩存在下滑风险等障碍性因素。为此,应做好国家队组建模式改革的顶层设计,持续推进国家队组建模式改革,优化相关政策与制度安排,重视国家队成绩的风险控制,大力培育和发展体育社会组织。
The co-construction of National Swimming Team by the General Administration of Sport and Zhejiang Province is an innovative attempt at reforming the formation mode of Chinese national teams of competitive sports.The model has prominent characteristics in many aspects such as the management mechanism,the selection and training of athletes,echelon building and performance evaluation,etc.The reform of the formation mode of national teams proves to have the significant value in leading the reform and innovation of competitive sports;on the other hand,however,it also needs to overcome some obstacles such as the slowdown of transformation of governmental functions,the dependence on administrative paths,the imperfect distribution mechanism of benefits,the weak participation in the society,the unsound supporting policy and the decline of the national teams' performance.The main strategies for the reform of formation mode of Chinese national teams of competitive sports are as follows:to make the top-level design of the reform;to promote the sustainable reform;to increase the policy support for the reform;to speed up the system arrangement of the reform;to attach importance to the controllable risks of performance;and vigorously cultivate and develop sports social organizations,etc.
The co-construction of National Swimming Team by the General Administration of Sport and Zhejiang Province is an innovative attempt at reforming the formation mode of Chinese national teams of competitive sports.The model has prominent characteristics in many aspects such as the management mechanism,the selection and training of athletes,echelon building and performance evaluation,etc.The reform of the formation mode of national teams proves to have the significant value in leading the reform and innovation of competitive sports;on the other hand,however,it also needs to overcome some obstacles such as the slowdown of transformation of governmental functions,the dependence on administrative paths,the imperfect distribution mechanism of benefits,the weak participation in the society,the unsound supporting policy and the decline of the national teams' performance.The main strategies for the reform of formation mode of Chinese national teams of competitive sports are as follows:to make the top-level design of the reform;to promote the sustainable reform;to increase the policy support for the reform;to speed up the system arrangement of the reform;to attach importance to the controllable risks of performance;and vigorously cultivate and develop sports social organizations,etc.
引文
[1] 胡昊.省部共建国家队浙江凭啥“包游”[N].浙江日报,2017-9-25(1)
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[15] 张自如.我国竞技体育发展的路径依赖与制度创新[J].体育与科学,2008,29(1):29-32
[16] 王建民,狄增如.“顶层设计”的内涵、逻辑与方法[J].改革,2013(8):139-146
[17] 经纬.制度安排的伦理考量[J].思想战线,2002(3):5-9
[18] 成思危.深化改革要靠制度创新驱动[J].中国软科学,2014(1):1-5
[19] 唐文玉.从“工具主义”到“合作治理”:政府支持社会组织发展的模式转型[J].学习与实践,2016(9):93-98
[2] 余勤.共建中国(浙江)国家游泳队,省政府与国家体育总局签约[N].浙江日报,2017-9-24(1)
[3] 央广网.国家体育总局和浙江省共建国家游泳队[EB/OL].[2019-01-22].http://china.cnr.cn/NewsFeeds/20170924/t20170924_523962766.shtml
[4] 春潮,贾爱萍.制约我国成为竞技体育强国的瓶颈问题[J].体育与科学,2011,32(7):95-98
[5] 徐本力.体育强国、竞技体育强国、大众体育强国内涵的诠释与评析[J].天津体育学院学报,2009,24(2):93-98
[6] 田雨普.努力实现由体育大国向体育强国的迈进[J].体育科学,2009,29(3):3-8
[7] 钟秉枢.新时代竞技体育发展与中国强[J].上海体育学院学报,2018,42(1):13-18
[8] 马玉芳.关于我国竞技体育发展方式转变若干问题的研究[J].体育与科学,2012,33(2):102-105
[9] 鲍明晓,李元伟.转变我国竞技体育发展方式的对策研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2014,37(1):9-23+70
[10] 国务院.关于印发2015年推进简政放权放管结合转变政府职能工作方案的通知[EB/OL].[2019-01-22].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2015-05/15/content_9764.htm
[11] 樊炳有.农村体育发展的动力机制探讨[J].武汉体育学院学报,2005,39(11):21-23
[12] 黄毅,高志红.我国竞技体育利益格局及利益运行机制变迁[J].天津体育学院学报,2007,22(4):321-325
[13] 田英,李文川.从劳伦斯世界体育奖镜鉴中国竞技体育强国之路[J].上海体育学院学报,2013,37(1):49-53
[14] 胡昊.省政府和国家国家体育总局签约共建国家游泳队[EB/OL].[2019-01-22].http://zjtyol.zjol.com.cn/system/2017/09/24/021599579.shtml
[15] 张自如.我国竞技体育发展的路径依赖与制度创新[J].体育与科学,2008,29(1):29-32
[16] 王建民,狄增如.“顶层设计”的内涵、逻辑与方法[J].改革,2013(8):139-146
[17] 经纬.制度安排的伦理考量[J].思想战线,2002(3):5-9
[18] 成思危.深化改革要靠制度创新驱动[J].中国软科学,2014(1):1-5
[19] 唐文玉.从“工具主义”到“合作治理”:政府支持社会组织发展的模式转型[J].学习与实践,2016(9):93-98