港口竞争力与腹地经济协同机制面板数据分析
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摘要
本文在港口竞争力评价模型中同时引入港口硬件竞争力和软件竞争力指标,进一步完善了港口综合竞争力评价指标体系.在此基础上,结合面板数据模型分析国内9大港口综合竞争力与其腹地发展的协同机制,基本克服了现有港城研究中普遍存在的单角度、单维度和单主体问题.研究表明:港口综合竞争力存在惯性,较弱港口实现超越较难,但可通过充分结合腹地供需结构和贸易特色提升软实力来以长补短.腹地经济结构以及贸易和物流发展水平对港口综合竞争力具有显著正向影响,港口综合竞争力提升又会改善腹地经济结构,而腹地区域产出水平并不是港口综合竞争力的主要影响因素.研究揭示港口综合竞争力提升应从以基建为核心的要素驱动转变为结合创新和服务驱动,通过整合港口与腹地资源来优化港口竞争力结构,做到港口-腹地相互促进,共同发展.
We added hardware variables and soft power variables to the evaluation model of port competitiveness simultaneously. This will further improve the evaluation index system for comprehensive port competitiveness. On this basis, we use panel data model to analyze the synergy mechanisms of the comprehensive competitiveness of the nine major ports in China and their hinterland economic development. The single-angle, single-dimension and single-subject problems prevailing in the study of Port and hinterland relations have been basically avoid in this article. Study shows that the comprehensive competitiveness of ports has inertia, that is, it is difficult for weaker ports to go beyond strong ports. However, the weaker ports can improve their soft power by fully combining the supply and demand structure of the hinterland. The economic structure of the hinterland and the level of trade and logistics development have a significant positive effect on the competitiveness of the port, and the improvement of comprehensive port competitiveness will in turn improve the economic structure of the hinterland. The output level of the hinterland is not the main factor affecting the comprehensive competitiveness of the port. The study reveals that the comprehensive competitiveness of ports should be changed from the factor-driven to a combination of innovation and service-driven. Optimize the structure of port competitiveness by integrating port and hinterland resources. Achieve the mutual promotion and common development of the port and the hinterland.
We added hardware variables and soft power variables to the evaluation model of port competitiveness simultaneously. This will further improve the evaluation index system for comprehensive port competitiveness. On this basis, we use panel data model to analyze the synergy mechanisms of the comprehensive competitiveness of the nine major ports in China and their hinterland economic development. The single-angle, single-dimension and single-subject problems prevailing in the study of Port and hinterland relations have been basically avoid in this article. Study shows that the comprehensive competitiveness of ports has inertia, that is, it is difficult for weaker ports to go beyond strong ports. However, the weaker ports can improve their soft power by fully combining the supply and demand structure of the hinterland. The economic structure of the hinterland and the level of trade and logistics development have a significant positive effect on the competitiveness of the port, and the improvement of comprehensive port competitiveness will in turn improve the economic structure of the hinterland. The output level of the hinterland is not the main factor affecting the comprehensive competitiveness of the port. The study reveals that the comprehensive competitiveness of ports should be changed from the factor-driven to a combination of innovation and service-driven. Optimize the structure of port competitiveness by integrating port and hinterland resources. Achieve the mutual promotion and common development of the port and the hinterland.
引文
[1]鲁渤,汪寿阳.中韩集装箱码头运营效率的比较研究[J].管理评论,2017, 29(5):175-182.Lu B, Wang S Y. A comparative study of the container terminal operating efficiency between China and South Korea[J]. Management Review, 2017, 29(5):175-182.
[2]Moura T G Z, Garcia-Alonso L, Salas-Olmedo M H. Delimiting the scope of the hinterland of ports:Proposal and case study[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2017, 65:35-43.
[3]Acciaro M, Bardi A, Cusano M I, et al. Contested port hinterlands:An empirical survey on Adriatic seaports[J].Case Studies on Transport Policy, 2017, 5(2):342-350.
[4]Hales D, Lam J S L, Chang Y T. The balanced theory of port competitiveness[J]. Transportation Journal, 2016,55(2):168-189.
[5]Ha M H, Yang Z, Notteboom T, et al. Revisiting port performance measurement:A hybrid multi-stakeholder framework for the modelling of port performance indicators[J]. Transportation Research Part E:Logistics&Transportation Review, 2017, 103:1-16.
[6]何天祥,陈晓红.动态外部性与城市群经济增长收敛的实证研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2017,37(11):2791-2801.He T X, Chen X H. Empirical analysis of dynamic externalities and growth convergence among urban agglomeration[J]. Systems Engineering-Theory&Practice, 2017, 37(11):2791-2801.
[7]黄晗,莫东序,程婉静.基于ANP模型的绿色港口竞争力评价[J].技术经济,2017, 36(2):117-122.Huang H, Mo D X, Cheng W J. Evaluation on competitiveness of green port based on analytical network process[J]. Technology Economics, 2017, 36(2):117-122.
[8]匡海波,陈树文.基于熵权TOPSIS的港口综合竞争力评价模型研究与实证[J].科学学与科学技木管理,2007, 28(10):157-162.Kuang H B, Chen S W. The research on port overall competitiveness model[J]. Science of Science&Management of S&T,2007, 28(10):157-162.
[9]孟飞荣,高秀丽.港口与直接腹地经济耦合协调度及其影响因素研究——以环北部湾港口群为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2017, 33(6):98-104.Meng F R, Gao X L. Research on coupling coordination degree of port and direct hinterland economy and its influencing factors:A case study of Beibu Gulf Rim Port Group[J]. Geography and Geo-Information Science,2017, 33(6):98-104.
[10]Shi X, Li H. Developing the port hinterland:Different perspectives and their application to Shenzhen Port,China[J]. Research in Transportation Business&Management, 2016, 19:42-50.
[11]杨留星,田贵良,王珏.基于VAR模型的海港对腹地影响实证研究:以连云港港为例[J].管理评论,2016, 28(9):250-259.Yang L X, Tian G L, Wang J. An empirical analysis of harbor on hinterland regional based on VAR model:A case study of Lianyungang Harbor[J]. Management Review, 2016, 28(9):250-259.
[12]Garcia-Alonso L, Monios J, Vallejo-Pinto J. Port competition through hinterland accessibility:The case of Spain[J]. Maritime Economics&Logistics, 2017, 8:1-20.
[13]Wei H, Sheng Z, Lee T W. The role of dry port in hub-and-spoke network under belt and road initiative[J].Maritime Policy&Management, 2018, 45(3):370-387.
[14]匡海波,李伟,张欣.我国沿海集装箱港口的供需缺口研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2012, 32(1):83-90.Kuang H B, Li W, Zhang X. Research on China's coastal container port supply-demand gap[J]. Systems Engineering-Theory&Practice, 2012, 32(1):83-90.
[15]潘婧,杨山,沈芳艳.基于系统动力学的港城耦合系统模型构建及仿真——以连云港为例[J].系统工程理论与实践,2012, 32(11):2439-2446.Pan J, Yang S, Shen F Y. Construction and simulation of port city coupled system model based on systemsdynamics:Taking Lianyungang as a case[J]. Systems Engineering—Theory&Practice, 2012, 32(11):2439-2446.
[16]Chen H, Cullinane K, Liu N. Developing a model for measuring the resilience of a port-hinterland container transportation network[J]. Transportation Research Part E:Logistics and Transportation Review, 2017, 97:282-301.
[17]Zhao Q Y, Xu H, Wall R S, et al. Building a bridge between port and city:Improving the urban competitiveness of port cities[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2017, 59:120-133.
[18]吕梁,高红,贾红雨,等.基于因子分析和数据包络分析的港口竞争力评价[J].大连海事大学学报,2010, 36(4):43-47.Lii L, Gao H, Jia H Y, et al. Port competitiveness evaluation based on factor analysis and data envelopment analysis[J]. Journal of Dalian Maritime University, 2010, 36(4):43-47.
[19]Halim R A, Kwakkel J H, Tavasszy L A. A strategic model of port-hinterland freight distribution networks[J].Transportation Research Part E:Logistics and Transportation Review, 2016, 95:368-384.
[20]Haynes K E, Hsing Y M, Stough R R. Regional port dynamics in the global economy:The case of Kaohsiung,Taiwan[J]. Maritime Policy&Management, 1997, 24:93-113.
[21]范洋,高田义,乔晗.基于博弈模型的港口群内竞争合作研究——以黄海地区为例[J].系统工程理论与实践,2015, 35(4):955-964.Fan Y, Gao T Y, Qiao H. Competition and collaborative strategies within ports cluster in Huanghai area—A game theory approach[J]. Systems Engineering—Theory&Practice, 2015, 35(4):955-964.
[22]侯剑.基于系统动力学的港口经济可持续发展[J].系统工程理论与实践,2010,30(1):56-61.Hou J. Sustainable development of port economics based on system dynamics[J]. Systems Engineering—Theory&Practice, 2010, 30(1):56-61.
1.2016年,国内最大集装箱港上海港仅为14%,同期釜山港为65%,新加坡港为90%.
2.我国港口腹地多呈交叉化、边界模糊等特征,导致传统划分港口腹地的方法难以保证划分精度,需要分析由多种运输模式组成的疏运网络对港口与腹地隶属关系的影响~([1]),并通过科学方法划分港口的腹地范围.目前此方面研究已经较为成熟~([2,3]).
3.关于熵权理论和TOPSIS评价理论具体可参考相应教材或文后参考文献[8].
4.根据前文港口竞争力评价中各港口陆域面积相关资料,本文所选各港口陆域基本与其所在省份(直辖市)重合.
5.参见李子奈,叶阿忠著《高级应用计量经济学》.
[2]Moura T G Z, Garcia-Alonso L, Salas-Olmedo M H. Delimiting the scope of the hinterland of ports:Proposal and case study[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2017, 65:35-43.
[3]Acciaro M, Bardi A, Cusano M I, et al. Contested port hinterlands:An empirical survey on Adriatic seaports[J].Case Studies on Transport Policy, 2017, 5(2):342-350.
[4]Hales D, Lam J S L, Chang Y T. The balanced theory of port competitiveness[J]. Transportation Journal, 2016,55(2):168-189.
[5]Ha M H, Yang Z, Notteboom T, et al. Revisiting port performance measurement:A hybrid multi-stakeholder framework for the modelling of port performance indicators[J]. Transportation Research Part E:Logistics&Transportation Review, 2017, 103:1-16.
[6]何天祥,陈晓红.动态外部性与城市群经济增长收敛的实证研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2017,37(11):2791-2801.He T X, Chen X H. Empirical analysis of dynamic externalities and growth convergence among urban agglomeration[J]. Systems Engineering-Theory&Practice, 2017, 37(11):2791-2801.
[7]黄晗,莫东序,程婉静.基于ANP模型的绿色港口竞争力评价[J].技术经济,2017, 36(2):117-122.Huang H, Mo D X, Cheng W J. Evaluation on competitiveness of green port based on analytical network process[J]. Technology Economics, 2017, 36(2):117-122.
[8]匡海波,陈树文.基于熵权TOPSIS的港口综合竞争力评价模型研究与实证[J].科学学与科学技木管理,2007, 28(10):157-162.Kuang H B, Chen S W. The research on port overall competitiveness model[J]. Science of Science&Management of S&T,2007, 28(10):157-162.
[9]孟飞荣,高秀丽.港口与直接腹地经济耦合协调度及其影响因素研究——以环北部湾港口群为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2017, 33(6):98-104.Meng F R, Gao X L. Research on coupling coordination degree of port and direct hinterland economy and its influencing factors:A case study of Beibu Gulf Rim Port Group[J]. Geography and Geo-Information Science,2017, 33(6):98-104.
[10]Shi X, Li H. Developing the port hinterland:Different perspectives and their application to Shenzhen Port,China[J]. Research in Transportation Business&Management, 2016, 19:42-50.
[11]杨留星,田贵良,王珏.基于VAR模型的海港对腹地影响实证研究:以连云港港为例[J].管理评论,2016, 28(9):250-259.Yang L X, Tian G L, Wang J. An empirical analysis of harbor on hinterland regional based on VAR model:A case study of Lianyungang Harbor[J]. Management Review, 2016, 28(9):250-259.
[12]Garcia-Alonso L, Monios J, Vallejo-Pinto J. Port competition through hinterland accessibility:The case of Spain[J]. Maritime Economics&Logistics, 2017, 8:1-20.
[13]Wei H, Sheng Z, Lee T W. The role of dry port in hub-and-spoke network under belt and road initiative[J].Maritime Policy&Management, 2018, 45(3):370-387.
[14]匡海波,李伟,张欣.我国沿海集装箱港口的供需缺口研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2012, 32(1):83-90.Kuang H B, Li W, Zhang X. Research on China's coastal container port supply-demand gap[J]. Systems Engineering-Theory&Practice, 2012, 32(1):83-90.
[15]潘婧,杨山,沈芳艳.基于系统动力学的港城耦合系统模型构建及仿真——以连云港为例[J].系统工程理论与实践,2012, 32(11):2439-2446.Pan J, Yang S, Shen F Y. Construction and simulation of port city coupled system model based on systemsdynamics:Taking Lianyungang as a case[J]. Systems Engineering—Theory&Practice, 2012, 32(11):2439-2446.
[16]Chen H, Cullinane K, Liu N. Developing a model for measuring the resilience of a port-hinterland container transportation network[J]. Transportation Research Part E:Logistics and Transportation Review, 2017, 97:282-301.
[17]Zhao Q Y, Xu H, Wall R S, et al. Building a bridge between port and city:Improving the urban competitiveness of port cities[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2017, 59:120-133.
[18]吕梁,高红,贾红雨,等.基于因子分析和数据包络分析的港口竞争力评价[J].大连海事大学学报,2010, 36(4):43-47.Lii L, Gao H, Jia H Y, et al. Port competitiveness evaluation based on factor analysis and data envelopment analysis[J]. Journal of Dalian Maritime University, 2010, 36(4):43-47.
[19]Halim R A, Kwakkel J H, Tavasszy L A. A strategic model of port-hinterland freight distribution networks[J].Transportation Research Part E:Logistics and Transportation Review, 2016, 95:368-384.
[20]Haynes K E, Hsing Y M, Stough R R. Regional port dynamics in the global economy:The case of Kaohsiung,Taiwan[J]. Maritime Policy&Management, 1997, 24:93-113.
[21]范洋,高田义,乔晗.基于博弈模型的港口群内竞争合作研究——以黄海地区为例[J].系统工程理论与实践,2015, 35(4):955-964.Fan Y, Gao T Y, Qiao H. Competition and collaborative strategies within ports cluster in Huanghai area—A game theory approach[J]. Systems Engineering—Theory&Practice, 2015, 35(4):955-964.
[22]侯剑.基于系统动力学的港口经济可持续发展[J].系统工程理论与实践,2010,30(1):56-61.Hou J. Sustainable development of port economics based on system dynamics[J]. Systems Engineering—Theory&Practice, 2010, 30(1):56-61.
1.2016年,国内最大集装箱港上海港仅为14%,同期釜山港为65%,新加坡港为90%.
2.我国港口腹地多呈交叉化、边界模糊等特征,导致传统划分港口腹地的方法难以保证划分精度,需要分析由多种运输模式组成的疏运网络对港口与腹地隶属关系的影响~([1]),并通过科学方法划分港口的腹地范围.目前此方面研究已经较为成熟~([2,3]).
3.关于熵权理论和TOPSIS评价理论具体可参考相应教材或文后参考文献[8].
4.根据前文港口竞争力评价中各港口陆域面积相关资料,本文所选各港口陆域基本与其所在省份(直辖市)重合.
5.参见李子奈,叶阿忠著《高级应用计量经济学》.
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