滴头间距和施肥方式对烤烟产质量的影响
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摘要
2016年通过田间试验研究了滴头间距(30和50 cm)和施肥方式(水溶肥、复合肥、炭基肥)对烤烟产质量的影响。结果表明,较小滴头间距有利于烟株对土壤养分的吸收,进而促进烤烟烟碱的合成和总氮含量的提高。与50 cm滴头间距相比,30 cm滴头间距条件下烤烟上部和中部叶总氮含量分别提高了2.2%～23.7%和0.4%～5.3%,烟碱含量分别提高了1.4%～36.7%和11.5%～33.7%;与30 cm滴头间距相比,50 cm滴头间距中部叶化学成分更为协调,其中部叶糖碱比和氮碱比分别提高了2.4%～42.6%和10.8%～27.3%。施肥方式对烤烟N素利用率有显著影响(P<0.05),水溶肥滴灌施用促进了烟株根系对养分的吸收利用。与复合肥处理和炭基肥处理相比,水溶肥处理烟株N素利用率分别提高24.2%～32.7%和21.1%～22.8%;不同施肥方式间,以水溶肥处理烟叶化学成分较为协调,烟叶产值较高。与复合肥处理和炭基肥处理相比,水溶肥处理不同部位烟叶糖碱比提高了9.8%～98.9%,氮碱比提高了0%～49.2%,烟叶产值增加了13.0%～23.4%。试验地所在烟区的滴灌系统滴头间距宜选择50 cm,这不仅有助于提升烟叶化学品质,而且可以降低工程成本和提高生产效益;水溶肥滴灌施用有利于烟叶化学品质和等级结构的提高。
A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of two dripper interval conditions(30 and 50 cm) and three fertilization methods(water-soluble fertilizer,compound fertilizer and carbon-based fertilizer) on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in 2016.The results show that: the smaller spacing of drippers is more conducive to tobacco plant absorption and utilization of soil nutrients,thereby promoting the synthesis of flue-cured tobacco nicotine and total nitrogen content; compared with the interval of 50 cm dripper,the total nitrogen content of upper and middle leaf of tobacco is increased by 2.2% ～ 23.7% and 0.4% ～ 5.3%,the nicotine content is increased by1.4% ～ 36.7% and 11.5% ～ 33.7%,respectively; compared with the spacing of 30 cm dripper,the chemical composition of middle leaf of50 cm dripper interval is more coordinated,and the ratio of nicotine to base and nitrogen to base ratio is increased by 2.4% ～ 42.6% and10.8% ～ 27.3%,respectively; the different way of fertilization has a significant effect on nitrogen the utilization of flue-cured tobacco(P<0.05); The method of drip irrigation with water-soluble fertilizer promots the absorption and utilization of nutrients of root system of tobacco;compared with the compound fertilizer treatment and the carbon-based fertilizer treatment,the nitrogen utilization efficiency of the tobacco plants treated with water-soluble fertilizer is increased by 24.2% ～ 32.7% and 21.1% ～ 22.8%,respectively; the chemical compositions of the tobacco leaves treated with water-soluble fertilizer are more coordinated among different fertilization methods,the value of tobacco is higher;compared with compound fertilizer treatment and carbon-based fertilizer treatment,the ratio of sugar to alkali of tobacco leaves in different parts of water soluble fertilizer treatment is increased by 9.8% ～ 98.9%,the ratio of nitrogen and alkali is increased by 0% ～ 49.2% and the output of tobacco leaf is increased by 13.0% ～ 23.4%; the drip irrigation system drip interval should be chosen as 50 cm,which not only helps to improve the chemical quality of tobacco leaves,but also reduces the production cost and improves the production efficiency. The application of water-soluble fertilizer drip irrigation is beneficial to the improvement of tobacco chemical quality and output.
A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of two dripper interval conditions(30 and 50 cm) and three fertilization methods(water-soluble fertilizer,compound fertilizer and carbon-based fertilizer) on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in 2016.The results show that: the smaller spacing of drippers is more conducive to tobacco plant absorption and utilization of soil nutrients,thereby promoting the synthesis of flue-cured tobacco nicotine and total nitrogen content; compared with the interval of 50 cm dripper,the total nitrogen content of upper and middle leaf of tobacco is increased by 2.2% ～ 23.7% and 0.4% ～ 5.3%,the nicotine content is increased by1.4% ～ 36.7% and 11.5% ～ 33.7%,respectively; compared with the spacing of 30 cm dripper,the chemical composition of middle leaf of50 cm dripper interval is more coordinated,and the ratio of nicotine to base and nitrogen to base ratio is increased by 2.4% ～ 42.6% and10.8% ～ 27.3%,respectively; the different way of fertilization has a significant effect on nitrogen the utilization of flue-cured tobacco(P<0.05); The method of drip irrigation with water-soluble fertilizer promots the absorption and utilization of nutrients of root system of tobacco;compared with the compound fertilizer treatment and the carbon-based fertilizer treatment,the nitrogen utilization efficiency of the tobacco plants treated with water-soluble fertilizer is increased by 24.2% ～ 32.7% and 21.1% ～ 22.8%,respectively; the chemical compositions of the tobacco leaves treated with water-soluble fertilizer are more coordinated among different fertilization methods,the value of tobacco is higher;compared with compound fertilizer treatment and carbon-based fertilizer treatment,the ratio of sugar to alkali of tobacco leaves in different parts of water soluble fertilizer treatment is increased by 9.8% ～ 98.9%,the ratio of nitrogen and alkali is increased by 0% ～ 49.2% and the output of tobacco leaf is increased by 13.0% ～ 23.4%; the drip irrigation system drip interval should be chosen as 50 cm,which not only helps to improve the chemical quality of tobacco leaves,but also reduces the production cost and improves the production efficiency. The application of water-soluble fertilizer drip irrigation is beneficial to the improvement of tobacco chemical quality and output.
引文
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[6]魏光辉,马亮,杨鹏年.地下水位与灌溉定额对棉花土壤水分的动态影响模拟[J].排灌机械工程学报,2016,34(1):73-80.
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[10]赵军,窦玉青,宋付朋,等.有机和无机烟草专用肥配合施用对烟草生产效益和肥料氮素利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(3):613-619.
[11]张珂,刘国顺,王国峰,等.高碳基肥对舞阳烟区土壤特性和烟叶品质形成的影响[J].江西农业学报,2016,28(12):52-56.
[12]张慧,时志宇.滴头流量和间距的优化选择[J].安徽农业科学,2015,(22):182-183.
[13]黄凯,蔡德所,潘伟,等.广西赤红壤甘蔗田间滴灌带合理布设参数确定[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(11):136-143.
[14]张秀捷,孔清华,李光永,等.滴灌带间距和滴头间距对黄瓜产量的影响及经济效益分析[J].节水灌溉,2010,(9):81-83.
[15]王广山,陈卫华,薛超群,等.烟碱形成的相关因素分析及降低烟碱技术措施[J].烟草科技,2001,(2):38-42.
[16]张子颖,许家来,李现道,等.绿色木霉配施高碳基肥料对烤烟生长及经济效益的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2016,22(5):79-86.
[17]张兰勤,唐新莲,黎晓峰,等.水肥一体化减量施肥对樱桃番茄产质量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2015,46(7):1 270.
[18]唐新莲,唐琳,黎晓峰,等.滴灌施肥对甜糯玉米物质积累及产质量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2013,44(7):1 135.
[19]杨军,邱萍,姚晶,等.施氮水平对膜下滴灌烤烟的生长及化学品质的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2013,(1):45-48.
[20]周健飞,彭玉富,程玉渊,等.水肥一体化技术在南阳烟区的应用效果[J].贵州农业科学,2017,(12):72-76.
[21]张腾.滴灌减施氮钾肥对烤烟生长及产量品质的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2016.
[22]刘剑,韩中波,杜玉海,等.烤烟膜下滴灌与施肥技术改进研究[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(17):50-52.
[2]王舒,李光永,孟国霞,等.日光温室滴灌条件下滴头流量和间距对黄瓜生长的影响[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(10):167-170.
[3]王维娟,牛文全,孙艳琦,等.滴头间距对双点源交汇入渗影响的横拟研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,(4):219-225.
[4]唐光木,何红,杨金钰,等.灌溉定额对膜下滴灌玉米生理性状及产量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(3):293-297.
[5]陈竞楠,邵孝侯,翟亚明,等.膜下滴灌水氮协作对烤烟水肥利用效率及土壤养分含量的影响[J].节水灌溉,2017,(12):68-71.
[6]魏光辉,马亮,杨鹏年.地下水位与灌溉定额对棉花土壤水分的动态影响模拟[J].排灌机械工程学报,2016,34(1):73-80.
[7] Pascual-Seva N,Bautista A S,López-Galarza S,et al. Response ofnutsedge(Cyperus esculentus,L. var sativus,Boeck.)tuber produc-tion to drip irrigation based on volumetric soil water content[J]. Irri-gation Science,2015,33(1):31-42.
[8]崔远来,熊佳.灌溉水利用效率指标研究进展[J].水科学进展,2009,20(4):590-598.
[9]施娴,刘艳红,王田涛,等.有机肥与烟草专用肥配施对植烟土壤微生物和土壤酶活性的动态变化[J].土壤通报,2017,(5):1 126-1 131.
[10]赵军,窦玉青,宋付朋,等.有机和无机烟草专用肥配合施用对烟草生产效益和肥料氮素利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(3):613-619.
[11]张珂,刘国顺,王国峰,等.高碳基肥对舞阳烟区土壤特性和烟叶品质形成的影响[J].江西农业学报,2016,28(12):52-56.
[12]张慧,时志宇.滴头流量和间距的优化选择[J].安徽农业科学,2015,(22):182-183.
[13]黄凯,蔡德所,潘伟,等.广西赤红壤甘蔗田间滴灌带合理布设参数确定[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(11):136-143.
[14]张秀捷,孔清华,李光永,等.滴灌带间距和滴头间距对黄瓜产量的影响及经济效益分析[J].节水灌溉,2010,(9):81-83.
[15]王广山,陈卫华,薛超群,等.烟碱形成的相关因素分析及降低烟碱技术措施[J].烟草科技,2001,(2):38-42.
[16]张子颖,许家来,李现道,等.绿色木霉配施高碳基肥料对烤烟生长及经济效益的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2016,22(5):79-86.
[17]张兰勤,唐新莲,黎晓峰,等.水肥一体化减量施肥对樱桃番茄产质量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2015,46(7):1 270.
[18]唐新莲,唐琳,黎晓峰,等.滴灌施肥对甜糯玉米物质积累及产质量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2013,44(7):1 135.
[19]杨军,邱萍,姚晶,等.施氮水平对膜下滴灌烤烟的生长及化学品质的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2013,(1):45-48.
[20]周健飞,彭玉富,程玉渊,等.水肥一体化技术在南阳烟区的应用效果[J].贵州农业科学,2017,(12):72-76.
[21]张腾.滴灌减施氮钾肥对烤烟生长及产量品质的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2016.
[22]刘剑,韩中波,杜玉海,等.烤烟膜下滴灌与施肥技术改进研究[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(17):50-52.