基于岩石孔喉结构的致密砂岩分类方法——以济阳坳陷古近系为例
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摘要
致密砂岩沉积类型多样,孔渗关系复杂,孔喉结构是储层表征与评价的关键参数。以济阳坳陷古近系致密砂岩为研究对象,在对不同沉积类型致密砂岩的岩石学特征、孔喉结构特征分析的基础上,利用系统聚类分析法建立基于岩石孔喉结构的致密砂岩分类方案。结果表明:济阳坳陷古近系致密浊积砂岩、致密滩坝砂岩、致密三角洲前缘砂岩在岩石组构和孔喉结构上具有相似性,其Ⅰ类优质储层孔喉半径均值大于1.1μm,Ⅱ类较好储层为0.7～1.1μm,Ⅲ类中等储层为0.4～0.7μm,Ⅳ类差储层小于0.4μm;致密砂砾岩与前3种储层具有明显区别,Ⅰ类优质储层孔喉半径均值大于1.3μm,Ⅱ类较好储层为0.8～1.3μm,Ⅲ类中等储层为0.3～0.8μm,Ⅳ类差储层小于0.3μm。
Tight sandstone are formed in various sedimentary environment,the relationship between porosity and permeabil-ity of tight sandstone is complex,and the pore throat structure is the key parameter for reservoir characterization and evalua-tion. Taking Paleogene tight sandstone in Jiyang Depression as an example,the petrologic features and pore throat struc-tures of different sedimentary types were studied and then the classification scheme of tight sandstone based on petrologicfeatures and pore throat structure characteristics was proposed by means of systematic cluster analysis. Results indicatethat petrologic features and pore throat structure of turbidity sandstone,beach-bar sandstone and delta-front sandstone aresimilar. The average pore throat radius of type Ⅰ best reservoir,type Ⅱ good reservoir,type Ⅲ normal reservoir and typeⅣ worst reservoir are greater than 1.1,0.7-1.1,0.4-0.7,less than 0.4 μm,respectively. The sandstone with pore throat ra-dius less than 0.3 μm cannot be regarded as reservoir. The tight glutenite is obviously different from the former three typesof tight sandstone,for tight glutenite,the average pore throat radius of type Ⅰ best reservoir,type Ⅱ good reservoir,type Ⅲnormal reservoir and type Ⅳ worst reservoir satisfies greater than 1.3,0.8-1.3,0.3-0.8,less than 0.3 μm,respectively.
Tight sandstone are formed in various sedimentary environment,the relationship between porosity and permeabil-ity of tight sandstone is complex,and the pore throat structure is the key parameter for reservoir characterization and evalua-tion. Taking Paleogene tight sandstone in Jiyang Depression as an example,the petrologic features and pore throat struc-tures of different sedimentary types were studied and then the classification scheme of tight sandstone based on petrologicfeatures and pore throat structure characteristics was proposed by means of systematic cluster analysis. Results indicatethat petrologic features and pore throat structure of turbidity sandstone,beach-bar sandstone and delta-front sandstone aresimilar. The average pore throat radius of type Ⅰ best reservoir,type Ⅱ good reservoir,type Ⅲ normal reservoir and typeⅣ worst reservoir are greater than 1.1,0.7-1.1,0.4-0.7,less than 0.4 μm,respectively. The sandstone with pore throat ra-dius less than 0.3 μm cannot be regarded as reservoir. The tight glutenite is obviously different from the former three typesof tight sandstone,for tight glutenite,the average pore throat radius of type Ⅰ best reservoir,type Ⅱ good reservoir,type Ⅲnormal reservoir and type Ⅳ worst reservoir satisfies greater than 1.3,0.8-1.3,0.3-0.8,less than 0.3 μm,respectively.
引文
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[18]操应长,马奔奔,王艳忠,等.东营凹陷盐家地区沙四上亚段近岸水下扇砂砾岩颗粒结构特征[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(6):793-803.5941CAO Yingchang,MA Benben,WANG Yanzhong,et al.The particle texture characteristics of sandy conglomerate in the nearshore subaqueous fan of upper Es4in the Yanjia area,Dongying Depression[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(6):793-803.
[19]陈杰,于正军,韩宏伟,等.东营凹陷坡移扇形成机制与分布规律[J].特种油气藏,2015,22(6):45-49.CHEN Jie,YU Zhengjun,HAN Hongwei,et al.Forming mechanism and distribution pattern of slope slip fan in Dongying Sag[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2015,22(6):45-49.
[20]金荣花,田伟红,矫梅燕.基于Ward聚类法的中国业务集合预报系统的产品开发[J].气象,2007,33(12):9-15.JIN Ronghua,TIAN Weihong,JIAO Meiyan.Product development for the operational ensemble prediction system based on Ward analysis in China[J].Meteorological Monthly,2007,33(12):9-15.
[21]杨志恒.基于Ward法的区域空间聚类分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010,20(3):382-386.YANG Zhiheng.Region spatial cluster algorithm based on Ward method[J].China Population Resources and Environment,2010,20(3):382-386.
[22]赵占平,鄢川江.J函数的边际修正估计及比较[J].天中学刊,2007,22(2):1-3.ZHAO Zhanping,YAN Chuanjiang.The edge correction estimation and comparison of J-function[J].Journal of Tianzhong,2007,22(2):1-3.
[23]廖敬,彭彩珍,吕文均,等.毛管压力曲线平均化及J函数处理[J].特种油气藏,2008,15(6):73-75.LIAO Jing,PENG Caizhen,LüWenjun,et al.Averaging capillary pressure curve and processing J function[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2008,15(6):73-75.
[2]贾承造,邹才能,李建忠,等.中国致密油评价标准、主要类型、基本特征及资源前景[J].石油学报,2012,33(3):343-350.JIA Chengzao,ZOU Caineng,LI Jianzhong,et al.Assessment criteria,main types,basic features and resource prospects of the tight oil in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(3):343-350.
[3]闫伟鹏,杨涛,马洪,等.中国陆相致密油成藏模式及地质特征[J].新疆石油地质,2014,35(2):131-136.YAN Weipeng,YANG Tao,MA Hong,et al.The tight oil accumulation model and geological characteristics in continental sedimentary basins of China[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2014,35(2):131-136.
[4]The U.S.Energy Information Administration(EIA).Annual Energy Outlook2016[R].https://www.EIA.GOV/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=847&t=6.
[5]CANDER H.What is an unconventional resource[R].Long Beach:AAPG Annual Convention and Exhibition,2012.
[6]KUHN P P,DI PRIMIO R,HILL R,et al.Three dimensional modeling study of the low permeability petroleum system of the Bakken Formation[J].AAPG Bulletin,2012,96(10):1 867-1 897.
[7]王建国,李忠刚,顾岱鸿,等.致密砂岩油优质储层形成机理--以鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区长7油层组为例[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(24):203-207.WANG Jianguo,LI Zhonggang,GU Daihong,et al.Formation mechanism for high-quality reservoir in tight sandstone reservoir-a case study of Chang7 Formation in Ordos Basin Heshui Area[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2014,14(24):203-207.
[8]孙雨,邓明,马世忠,等.松辽盆地大安地区扶余油层致密砂岩油分布特征及控制因素[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(5):589-597.SUN Yu,DENG Ming,MA Shizhong,et al.Distribution and controlling factors of tight sandstone oil in Fuyu oil layers of Da’an area,Songliao Basin,NE China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(5):589-597.
[9]张洪,柳少波,张水昌,等.四川公山庙油田致密砂岩油充注孔喉下限探讨及应用[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(5):693-700.ZHANG Hong,LIU Shaobo,ZHANG Shuichang,et al.Discussion on oil-charging threshold of throat in tight sandstone in Gongshanmiao Oilfield,Sichuan and its application[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(5):693-700.
[10]张浩,陈刚,朱玉双,等.致密油储层微观孔隙结构定量表征:以鄂尔多斯盆地新安边油田长7储层为例[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(1):112-119.ZHANG Hao,CHEN Gang,ZHU Yushuang,et al.Quantitative characterization of microscopic pore throat structure in tight sandstone oil reservoirs:A case study of Chang7 reservoir in Xin’anbian oil field,Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2017,39(1):112-119.
[11]赵晓东,刘晓,张博明,等.南堡3号构造中深层中低渗储层微观孔喉特征[J].特种油气藏,2015,22(5):28-32.ZHAO Xiaodong,LIU Xiao,ZHANG Boming,et al.Microscopic pore-throat structure characterization of medium-deep and medium-low permeability reservoirs in Nanpu Structure3[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2015,22(5):28-32.
[12]庞河清,曾焱,刘成川,等.川西坳陷须五段储层微观孔隙结构特征及其控制因素[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(4):48-60.PANG Heqing,ZENG Yan,LIU Chengchuan,et al.Characteristics and controlling factors of micro-pore structure of Xu5 reservoir in western Sichuan depression[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(4):48-60.
[13]张晶晶.断陷湖盆致密砂砾岩储层特征及主控因素[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2017,36(6):52-57.ZHANG Jingjing.Characteristics and their controlling factors for the tight conglomerate reservoir in the fault depression lake basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2017,36(6):52-57.
[14]姜超.断陷湖盆斜坡带重力流砂体沉积特征及沉积模式--以沾化凹陷渤南洼陷南部斜坡带沙三段为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2018,25(1):6-13.JIANG Chao.Characteristics and model of gravity flow sand body deposition in the slope zone of rifted lacustrine basin:A case study from the Sha3 member in the south slope zone of Bonan Sag,Zhanhua Depression[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2018,25(1):6-13.
[15]刘鑫金,刘惠民,宋国奇,等.东营凹陷洼陷斜坡带坡移扇沉积特征及展布模式[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(4):1-10.LIU Xinjin,LIU Huimin,SONG Guoqi,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and distribution pattern of the slope-shifting fan in the low-lying slope zone of Dongying sag[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2016,23(4):1-10.
[16]毛振强.滩坝砂低渗透储层成因及开发对策研究--以东营凹陷为例[D].成都:成都理工大学,2012.MAO Zhenqiang.The beach-bar sand body causes and development of low-permeability reservoir countermeasures-in DongyingDepression[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2012.
[17]姜瑞忠,乔杰,孙辉,等.低渗透砂砾岩油藏储层分类方法[J].油气地质与采收率,2018,25(1):90-93.JIANG Ruizhong,QIAO Jie,SUN Hui,et al.Reservoir classification method for low-permeability glutenite reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2018,25(1):90-93.
[18]操应长,马奔奔,王艳忠,等.东营凹陷盐家地区沙四上亚段近岸水下扇砂砾岩颗粒结构特征[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(6):793-803.5941CAO Yingchang,MA Benben,WANG Yanzhong,et al.The particle texture characteristics of sandy conglomerate in the nearshore subaqueous fan of upper Es4in the Yanjia area,Dongying Depression[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(6):793-803.
[19]陈杰,于正军,韩宏伟,等.东营凹陷坡移扇形成机制与分布规律[J].特种油气藏,2015,22(6):45-49.CHEN Jie,YU Zhengjun,HAN Hongwei,et al.Forming mechanism and distribution pattern of slope slip fan in Dongying Sag[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2015,22(6):45-49.
[20]金荣花,田伟红,矫梅燕.基于Ward聚类法的中国业务集合预报系统的产品开发[J].气象,2007,33(12):9-15.JIN Ronghua,TIAN Weihong,JIAO Meiyan.Product development for the operational ensemble prediction system based on Ward analysis in China[J].Meteorological Monthly,2007,33(12):9-15.
[21]杨志恒.基于Ward法的区域空间聚类分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010,20(3):382-386.YANG Zhiheng.Region spatial cluster algorithm based on Ward method[J].China Population Resources and Environment,2010,20(3):382-386.
[22]赵占平,鄢川江.J函数的边际修正估计及比较[J].天中学刊,2007,22(2):1-3.ZHAO Zhanping,YAN Chuanjiang.The edge correction estimation and comparison of J-function[J].Journal of Tianzhong,2007,22(2):1-3.
[23]廖敬,彭彩珍,吕文均,等.毛管压力曲线平均化及J函数处理[J].特种油气藏,2008,15(6):73-75.LIAO Jing,PENG Caizhen,LüWenjun,et al.Averaging capillary pressure curve and processing J function[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2008,15(6):73-75.
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