4种木本植物对重金属铅、锌的积累及叶片养分含量特征研究
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摘要
采用人工控制方法,研究4种木本植物榉树、毛红椿、栾树、木荷在不同浓度的Pb、Zn处理下体内重金属的分布与累积情况及叶片对养分的吸收情况。结果表明:4种木本植物对Pb的最大累积量分别为769.14、468.60、419.88、1 098.15 mg·kg~(-1),表现为:木荷>榉树>毛红椿>栾树,转运系数均小于1,地上部分富集系数表现为:毛红椿>木荷>栾树>榉树,根系富集系数表现为:木荷>毛红椿>榉树>栾树。榉树、毛红椿、栾树对Zn的最大累积量分别为144.83、154.96、166.23 mg·kg-1,低Zn浓度处理下,榉树、毛红椿、栾树中Zn主要累积在根系。重金属Pb、Zn对植物叶片的K、Ca吸收存在促进作用,对Fe存在抑制作用。榉树、栾树、毛红椿、木荷在Pb处理下均表现出较好的富集与转运能力,然而毛红椿、栾树、木荷耐Zn能力较差,榉树耐Zn能力最好。
In this study, four kinds of woody species Zelkova schneideriana, Toona ciliata var. pubescens, Koelreuteria paniculata andSchima superba were tested under different(Pb, Zn) application rate level that range from CK to L4 by pot experiment. The results showed that the biggest content of Pb in different woody species were 769.14、468.60、419.88、1 098.15 mg·kg~(-1), respectively, following the order: Schima superba > Zelkova schneideriana > Toona ciliata var. pubescens > Koelreuteria paniculata. Translocation factor of four kinds of woody species for Pb were all lower than 1. The order of the accumulator factor of the above ground organs was that Toona ciliata var. pubescens > Schima superba > Koelreuteria paniculata > Zelkova schneideriana and the root was that Schima superba > Toona ciliata var. pubescens > Zelkova schneideriana > Koelreuteria paniculata. The highest content of Zn in three kinds of woody species were that 144.83、154.96、166.23 mg·kg~(-1), respectively. The most important component for heavy metals of three kinds of woody species was root when the concentration lower than L4. In a certain range of concentration, Pb, Zn had a promoting effect on the uptake of K, Ca in leaf, but inhibited the uptake of Fe. According to the Translocation factor, accumulator factor, four woody species were capable of accumulating and translocating Pb under Pb stress. Toona ciliata var. pubescens, Koelreuteria paniculata and Schima superba were proved to possess poor tolerance to Zn stress, but Zelkova schneideriana.
In this study, four kinds of woody species Zelkova schneideriana, Toona ciliata var. pubescens, Koelreuteria paniculata andSchima superba were tested under different(Pb, Zn) application rate level that range from CK to L4 by pot experiment. The results showed that the biggest content of Pb in different woody species were 769.14、468.60、419.88、1 098.15 mg·kg~(-1), respectively, following the order: Schima superba > Zelkova schneideriana > Toona ciliata var. pubescens > Koelreuteria paniculata. Translocation factor of four kinds of woody species for Pb were all lower than 1. The order of the accumulator factor of the above ground organs was that Toona ciliata var. pubescens > Schima superba > Koelreuteria paniculata > Zelkova schneideriana and the root was that Schima superba > Toona ciliata var. pubescens > Zelkova schneideriana > Koelreuteria paniculata. The highest content of Zn in three kinds of woody species were that 144.83、154.96、166.23 mg·kg~(-1), respectively. The most important component for heavy metals of three kinds of woody species was root when the concentration lower than L4. In a certain range of concentration, Pb, Zn had a promoting effect on the uptake of K, Ca in leaf, but inhibited the uptake of Fe. According to the Translocation factor, accumulator factor, four woody species were capable of accumulating and translocating Pb under Pb stress. Toona ciliata var. pubescens, Koelreuteria paniculata and Schima superba were proved to possess poor tolerance to Zn stress, but Zelkova schneideriana.
引文
[1]张富运,陈永华,吴晓芙,等.铅锌超富集植物及耐性植物筛选研究进展[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2012,32(12):92-96.
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[11]施翔,陈益泰,王树凤,等.3种木本植物在铅锌和铜矿砂中的生长及对重金属的吸收[J].生态学报,2011,31(7):1818-1826.
[12]张富运,陈永华,吴晓芙,等.8种木本植物对矿渣中重金属的吸收与富集研究[J].环境科学与管理,2014,39(3):168-170.
[13]周疆丽,田胜尼,张玉琼,等.根生长法测定柳树对重金属的耐性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,11(16):98-101.
[14]张轩,赵俊程,吴子剑,等.六种木本植物对铅锌尾矿库重金属富集力的研究[J].湖南林业科技,2016,43(6):64-68.
[15]周仁飞.锰矿区废弃地重金属污染土壤下栾树和杜英的光合生理响应研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2010.
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[17]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].第3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[18]林大仪.土壤学实验指导[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2004.
[19]Baker A J M,Reeves R D,Hajar A S M.Heavy metal accumulation and tolerance in British populations of themetallophyte Thlaspicaerulescens J.&C.Presl.(Brassicaceae)[J].New Phytologist,1994,127:61-68.
[20]Chamberlain A C.Fallout of lead and uptake by crops.Atmosphe ric Environment,1983,17:693-706.
[21]Monni S,Salemaa M,White C,et al.Copper resistance of Calluna vulgaris originating from the pollution gradient of a Cu-Ni smelter,insouthwest Finland[J].Environmental Pollution,2000,109:211-219.
[22]刘秀梅,聂俊华,王庆仁.6种植物对Pb的吸收与耐性研究[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(5):533-537.
[23]石汝杰,陆引罡.4种草本植物对酸性黄壤中铅的吸收特性研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(3):73-76.
[24]Sharma P,Dubey R S.Lead toxicity in plants[J].Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology,2005,17(1):35-52.
[25]李玉双,孙丽娜,孙铁珩,等.超富集植物叶用红菾菜(Beta vulgaris var.cicla L.)及其对Cd的富集特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(4):1386-1389.
[26]刘影,伍钧,杨刚,等.3种能源草在铅锌矿区土壤中的生长及其对重金属的富集特性[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(5):291-296.
[27]孙约兵,周启星,王林,等.三叶鬼针草幼苗对镉污染的耐性及其吸收积累特征研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(10):3028-3035.
[28]Baker A J M.Metal tolerance[J].New Phytologist,1987,106(S1):93-111.
[29]杨居荣,黄翌.植物对重金属的耐性机理[J].生态学杂志,1994,13(6):20-26.
[30]Salt D E,Prinee R,et al.Meehanism of cadmium mobility and accumulation in Indian mustard[J].Plant Physiol,1995,109:1427-1433.
[31]周芙蓉,王进鑫,张青,等.侧柏和国槐叶片中铅的化学形态与分布研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(11):2121-2127.
[32]常学秀,段昌群,王焕校.根分泌作用与植物对金属毒害的抗性[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(2):315-320.
[33]王广林,张金池,庄家尧,等.31种园林植物对重金属的富集研究[J].皖西学院学报,2011,27(5):83-87.
[34]涂从,郑春荣,陈怀满.土壤-植物系统中重金属与养分元素交互作用[J].中国环境科学,1997,17(6):526-529.
[35]Van A F,Clijsters H.Effects of metals on enzyme activity in plants.Plant,Cell&Environment,1990,13(3):195-206.
[36]Symeonidis L,Karataglis S.The effect of lead and zinc on plant growth and chlorophyllcontent of Holcus lanatus L[J].Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science,1992,168(2):108-112.
[37]Fontes R L F,Cox F R.Iron deficiency and zinc toxicity in soybean grown in nutrient solution with different levels of sulfur[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,1998,21(8):1715-1722.
[2]龚红梅,沈野.植物对重金属锌耐性机理的研究进展[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(3):633-644.
[3]高岚,李泽琴,李国臣.土壤重金属污染植物修复研究动态[J].作物杂志,2011(5):12-15.
[4]Brooks R R.Plants that hyperaccumulate heavy[J].CAB International,1989,1-2.
[5]Baker A J M,Proctor J.The influence of cadmium,copper,lead and zinc on the distribution and evolution of metal lophytes in the British Isles[J].Plant System Evolution,1990,173:91-108.
[6]骆永明.金属污染土壤的植物修复[J].土壤,1999,31(5):261-265.
[7]李思亮,杨斌,陈燕,等.浙江省铅锌矿区土壤重金属污染及重金属超富集植物筛选[J].环境污染与防治,2016,38(5):48-54.
[8]鲁敏,李英杰.绿化树种对大气金属污染物吸滞能力[J].城市环境与城市生态,2003(1):51-52.
[9]罗忠,文仕知,刘虹.枫香人工林根系重金属元素含量的季节变化[J].湖南林业科技,2015,42(5):6-9.
[10]王旭军,吴际友,程勇,等.铅胁迫对4种行道树生长的影响[J].湖南林业科技,2011,38(5):34-38.
[11]施翔,陈益泰,王树凤,等.3种木本植物在铅锌和铜矿砂中的生长及对重金属的吸收[J].生态学报,2011,31(7):1818-1826.
[12]张富运,陈永华,吴晓芙,等.8种木本植物对矿渣中重金属的吸收与富集研究[J].环境科学与管理,2014,39(3):168-170.
[13]周疆丽,田胜尼,张玉琼,等.根生长法测定柳树对重金属的耐性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,11(16):98-101.
[14]张轩,赵俊程,吴子剑,等.六种木本植物对铅锌尾矿库重金属富集力的研究[J].湖南林业科技,2016,43(6):64-68.
[15]周仁飞.锰矿区废弃地重金属污染土壤下栾树和杜英的光合生理响应研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2010.
[16]章家恩.生态学常用实验研究方法与技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007.
[17]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].第3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[18]林大仪.土壤学实验指导[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2004.
[19]Baker A J M,Reeves R D,Hajar A S M.Heavy metal accumulation and tolerance in British populations of themetallophyte Thlaspicaerulescens J.&C.Presl.(Brassicaceae)[J].New Phytologist,1994,127:61-68.
[20]Chamberlain A C.Fallout of lead and uptake by crops.Atmosphe ric Environment,1983,17:693-706.
[21]Monni S,Salemaa M,White C,et al.Copper resistance of Calluna vulgaris originating from the pollution gradient of a Cu-Ni smelter,insouthwest Finland[J].Environmental Pollution,2000,109:211-219.
[22]刘秀梅,聂俊华,王庆仁.6种植物对Pb的吸收与耐性研究[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(5):533-537.
[23]石汝杰,陆引罡.4种草本植物对酸性黄壤中铅的吸收特性研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(3):73-76.
[24]Sharma P,Dubey R S.Lead toxicity in plants[J].Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology,2005,17(1):35-52.
[25]李玉双,孙丽娜,孙铁珩,等.超富集植物叶用红菾菜(Beta vulgaris var.cicla L.)及其对Cd的富集特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(4):1386-1389.
[26]刘影,伍钧,杨刚,等.3种能源草在铅锌矿区土壤中的生长及其对重金属的富集特性[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(5):291-296.
[27]孙约兵,周启星,王林,等.三叶鬼针草幼苗对镉污染的耐性及其吸收积累特征研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(10):3028-3035.
[28]Baker A J M.Metal tolerance[J].New Phytologist,1987,106(S1):93-111.
[29]杨居荣,黄翌.植物对重金属的耐性机理[J].生态学杂志,1994,13(6):20-26.
[30]Salt D E,Prinee R,et al.Meehanism of cadmium mobility and accumulation in Indian mustard[J].Plant Physiol,1995,109:1427-1433.
[31]周芙蓉,王进鑫,张青,等.侧柏和国槐叶片中铅的化学形态与分布研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(11):2121-2127.
[32]常学秀,段昌群,王焕校.根分泌作用与植物对金属毒害的抗性[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(2):315-320.
[33]王广林,张金池,庄家尧,等.31种园林植物对重金属的富集研究[J].皖西学院学报,2011,27(5):83-87.
[34]涂从,郑春荣,陈怀满.土壤-植物系统中重金属与养分元素交互作用[J].中国环境科学,1997,17(6):526-529.
[35]Van A F,Clijsters H.Effects of metals on enzyme activity in plants.Plant,Cell&Environment,1990,13(3):195-206.
[36]Symeonidis L,Karataglis S.The effect of lead and zinc on plant growth and chlorophyllcontent of Holcus lanatus L[J].Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science,1992,168(2):108-112.
[37]Fontes R L F,Cox F R.Iron deficiency and zinc toxicity in soybean grown in nutrient solution with different levels of sulfur[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,1998,21(8):1715-1722.