风力机叶片流固耦合计算分析
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摘要
流固耦合条件下风力机的叶片变形及振动分析对大型风力机的安全具有重要意义。采用k-SST紊流模型和滑移网格技术,对美国国家可再生能源实验室5 MW海上风力机叶片进行了流固耦合计算分析。结果表明:叶片在额定风速流固耦合作用下会发生挥舞方向、摆振方向变形和扭转变形,越接近叶梢,叶片变形就越大而且变形呈非线性分布,而在叶片中段容易出现应力集中区;考虑叶片流固耦合作用时叶片所受到的持续平均气动力略大于未考虑叶片流固耦合作用时的情况;叶片流固耦合作用使叶片气动攻角、扭矩增大;而叶片攻角增大是导致叶片扭矩增大的主要原因。
The analysis of blade deformation and vibration under fluid-structure interaction is of great significance for the security of large wind turbine.Fluid-structure interaction computation analysis was carried out on the blade of a 5 MW offshore wind turbine under NREL using the k-SST model and sliding meshes.The results show that blade deformation will occur on flap-wise direction,edge-wise direction and torsional direction under the rated wind speed fluid-structure interaction effect,and the deformation increases approaching to the blade tip with non-linear distribution.The area of stress concentration is likely to occur in the middle of the blade.The average aerodynamic force with fluid-structure interaction being taken into account is slightly higher than that without consideration of it.Aerodynamic attack angle and torque of blade increase under fluid-structure interaction.The increase of attack angle is the main reason for the increase of torque.
The analysis of blade deformation and vibration under fluid-structure interaction is of great significance for the security of large wind turbine.Fluid-structure interaction computation analysis was carried out on the blade of a 5 MW offshore wind turbine under NREL using the k-SST model and sliding meshes.The results show that blade deformation will occur on flap-wise direction,edge-wise direction and torsional direction under the rated wind speed fluid-structure interaction effect,and the deformation increases approaching to the blade tip with non-linear distribution.The area of stress concentration is likely to occur in the middle of the blade.The average aerodynamic force with fluid-structure interaction being taken into account is slightly higher than that without consideration of it.Aerodynamic attack angle and torque of blade increase under fluid-structure interaction.The increase of attack angle is the main reason for the increase of torque.
引文
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[2]Hansen M O L,S rensena J N,Voutsinas S,et al.Stateof the art in wind turbine aerodynamics and aeroelasticity[J].Progress in Aerospace Sciences,2006,42:285-330.
[3]张瑞琴,翁建生,基于流固耦合的叶片颤振分析[J].计算机仿真,2011,28(3):48-51.Zhang Ruiqin,Weng Jiansheng.Blade flutter analysisbased on fluid solid coupling[J].Computer Simulation,2011,28(3):48-51(in Chinese).
[4]吕坤,张荻,谢永慧.不同来流下薄平板流固耦合特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(26):76-82.LüKun,Zhang Di,Xie Yonghui.Fluid-structureinteraction for thin plate with different flow parameters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(26):76-82(inChinese).
[5]徐建源,祝贺.风波联合作用海上风力机动态特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(5):120-124.Xu Jianyuan,Zhu He.Dynamic characteristic analysis ofoffshore wind turbine under combined wind and waveaction[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(5):120-124(in Chinese).
[6]祝贺,徐建源,滕云,等.风力机风轮气动性能三维流场数值模拟[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(17):85-90.Zhu He,Xu Jianyuan,Teng Yun,et al.3D flow fieldnumerical aerodynamic performance test of wind turbinerotor[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(17):85-90(inChinese).
[7]Zahle F,S rensen N N.Overset grid flow simulation on amodern wind turbine[J].AIAA Paper 2008-6727,2008.
[8]Zahle F,S rensen N N,Johansen J.Wind turbinerotor-tower interaction using an incompressible oversetgrid method[J].Wind Energy,2009(12):594-619.
[9]Tongchitpakdee C,Benjanirat S,Sankar L N.Numericalsimulation of the aerodynamics of horizontal axis windturbines under yawed flow conditions[J].Journal of SolarEnergy Engineering,200(127):464-474.
[10]Kiendl J,Bazilevs Y,Hsu M-C,et al.The bending stripmethod for isogeometric analysis of Kirchhoff-Love shellstructures comprised of multiple patches[J].ComputerMethods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,2010(199):2403-2416.
[11]Hughes T J R,Cottrell J A,Bazilevs Y.Isogeometricanalysis:CAD,finite elements,NURBS,exact geometryand mesh refinement[J].Computer Methods in AppliedMechanics and Engineering,2005(194):4135-4195.
[12]Kim D H,Kim Y H.Performance prediction of a5MWwind turbine blade considering aeroelastic effect[J].Proceedings of World Academy of Science,Engineeringand Technology,2011(81):771-775.
[13]Bazilevs Y,Hsu M-C,Kiendl J,et al.Bletzinger3Dsimulation of wind turbine rotors at full scale.Part II:Fluid-structure interaction modeling with compositeblades[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods inFluids,2011,65(1-3):236-253.
[14]Jonkman J,Butterfield S,Musial W,et al.Definition ofa 5 MW reference wind turbine for offshore systemdevelopment[R].Technical Report NREL/TP-500-38060,National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Golden,CO,2009.
[15]Johnson K E,Thomas N.Wind farm control:addressingthe aerodynamic interaction among wind turbines[C]//St.Louis,MO,USA,Hyatt Regency Riverfront,2009.
[16]Menter F R,Langtry R,Volker S.Transition modeling forgeneral purpose CFD codes[J].Flow Turbulence andCombustion,2006,77(1/2/3/4):277-303.
[17]Yang Y,Gu M,Chen S Q,et al.New inflow boundaryconditions for modeling the neutral equilibriumatmospheric boundary layer in Computational WindEngineering[J].Journal of Wind Engineering andIndustrial Aerodynamics,97(2),88-95.
[18]Daniel I M,Ishai O.Engineering mechanics of compositematerials[M].Oxford University Press:New York,NY,1994.
[19]郭婷婷,吴殿文,王成荫,等.风力发电机叶片预弯设计及其数值研究[J].动力工程学报,2010,30(6):450-455.Guo Tingting,Wu Dianwen,Wang Chengyin,et al.Pre-bend design and numerical simulation of windturbo-generator[J].Journal of Power Engineering,2010,30(6):450-455(in Chinese).
[20]李媛,康顺,王建录,等.2.5MW风力机叶片流固耦合数值模拟[C]//2011年中国工程热物理学会热机气动热力学与流体机械学术会议论文集.武汉,中国,2011:1-10.Li Yuan,Kang Shun,Wang Jianlu,et al.Numericalsimulation of fluid-solid interaction of a 2.5 MW windturbine blade[C]//Proceedings of Chinese Society ofEngineering Thermophysics Conference on the HeatEngine Aerothermodynamics and Fluid Machinery.Wuhan,China,2011:1-10(in Chinese).