薄壳山核桃雄花花芽分化的解剖学研究
|
摘要
为掌握薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoinensis)雄花花芽分化规律,采用石蜡切片方法从显微水平上对浙江建德薄壳山核桃花芽发育过程各阶段特征进行观察,结果表明:3月中下旬分化初期,雄花芽与叶芽无区别;3月下旬鳞片分化期,花序基部逐渐形成突起,进入鳞片化阶段;4月上旬苞片分化期,雄花序自上而下形成弯月形苞片原基,花序顶部呈馒头状;4月中旬进入雄花原基分化期,由苞片基部逐渐形成突起状雄花原基;4月下旬雄蕊原基出现,形成雄蕊原基,产生花药;4月下旬至5月上旬花药分化形成期,花药内形成花粉囊,花粉散出,花序凋谢.
The female and male flowers of Carya illinoinensis mature at different times.Therefore,its yield is low and its quality is poor.To solve this problem,we used the paraffin-sectioning method and made microscopic observation of the characteristics at every stage of its floral bud development.The results showed that there was no difference between male flower bud and leaf bud at the early stage of differentiation in mid-late March.In the late stage of scale differentiation,a bulge was gradually formed at the base of the inflorescence and the stage of scale formation began.In the early stage of sepal differentiation,falcate sepal primordia were formed from top to bottom along the male inflorescence and the top of the inflorescence had a taro-like shape.The primordium differentiation stage of the male flower was in mid-April,and primordia were gradually formed from the base of the sac.The stamen primordia appeared in late April,and anthers were formed.From the end of April to the beginning of May,the anthers were formed during the differentiation period,the pollen sac was formed in the anthers,the pollen was scattered,and the inflorescences withered.
The female and male flowers of Carya illinoinensis mature at different times.Therefore,its yield is low and its quality is poor.To solve this problem,we used the paraffin-sectioning method and made microscopic observation of the characteristics at every stage of its floral bud development.The results showed that there was no difference between male flower bud and leaf bud at the early stage of differentiation in mid-late March.In the late stage of scale differentiation,a bulge was gradually formed at the base of the inflorescence and the stage of scale formation began.In the early stage of sepal differentiation,falcate sepal primordia were formed from top to bottom along the male inflorescence and the top of the inflorescence had a taro-like shape.The primordium differentiation stage of the male flower was in mid-April,and primordia were gradually formed from the base of the sac.The stamen primordia appeared in late April,and anthers were formed.From the end of April to the beginning of May,the anthers were formed during the differentiation period,the pollen sac was formed in the anthers,the pollen was scattered,and the inflorescences withered.
引文
[1]常君,姚小华,邵慰忠,等.薄壳山核桃不同砧木对嫁接成活率及生长指标的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(2):56-60.
[2]常君,姚小华,杨水平,等.美国山核桃不同品种接穗对嫁接苗木根系生长发育影响的研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2007,29(10):104-108.
[3]姚小华,常君,王开良,等.中国薄壳山核桃[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.
[4]胡芳名,谭晓风,刘惠民,等.中国主要经济树种栽培与利用[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2006.
[5]常君,李川,姚小华,等.薄壳山核桃无性系含油率及脂肪酸组成分析[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,42(8):51-56.
[6]高英,董宁光,张志宏,等.早实核桃雌花芽分化外部形态与内部结构关系的研究[J].林业科学研究,2010,23(2):241-245.
[7]刘雨,常君,任华东,等.薄壳山核桃雌花发育的解剖学研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,40(6):32-37.
[8]姚小华,王开良,任华东,等.薄壳山核桃优新品种和无性系开花物候特性研究[J].江西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,26(5):675-680.
[9]杨先裕,黄坚钦,徐奎源,等.薄壳山核桃‘马汉’雄蕊发育特性及花粉储藏活力[J].浙江农林大学学报,2014,31(4):528-533.
[10]黄有军,王正加,郑炳松,等.山核桃雄蕊发育的解剖学研究[J].浙江林学院学报,2006,123(1):56-60.
[11]李永涛,赵勇刚,杨克强,等.早实核桃花器官发育的解剖学研究[J].园艺学报,2011,38(3):434-440.
[12]叶创兴,马虎元.植物学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:201.
[13]荣瑞芬,郑荣庭.核桃雄花芽形态分化及发育的观察[J].河北农业大学学报,1991,14(1):44-46.
[14]许自龙,汪阳东,陈益存,等.山鸡椒雄花花芽发育形态解剖特征观察[J].植物科学学报,2017,35(2):152-163.
[2]常君,姚小华,杨水平,等.美国山核桃不同品种接穗对嫁接苗木根系生长发育影响的研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2007,29(10):104-108.
[3]姚小华,常君,王开良,等.中国薄壳山核桃[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.
[4]胡芳名,谭晓风,刘惠民,等.中国主要经济树种栽培与利用[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2006.
[5]常君,李川,姚小华,等.薄壳山核桃无性系含油率及脂肪酸组成分析[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,42(8):51-56.
[6]高英,董宁光,张志宏,等.早实核桃雌花芽分化外部形态与内部结构关系的研究[J].林业科学研究,2010,23(2):241-245.
[7]刘雨,常君,任华东,等.薄壳山核桃雌花发育的解剖学研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,40(6):32-37.
[8]姚小华,王开良,任华东,等.薄壳山核桃优新品种和无性系开花物候特性研究[J].江西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,26(5):675-680.
[9]杨先裕,黄坚钦,徐奎源,等.薄壳山核桃‘马汉’雄蕊发育特性及花粉储藏活力[J].浙江农林大学学报,2014,31(4):528-533.
[10]黄有军,王正加,郑炳松,等.山核桃雄蕊发育的解剖学研究[J].浙江林学院学报,2006,123(1):56-60.
[11]李永涛,赵勇刚,杨克强,等.早实核桃花器官发育的解剖学研究[J].园艺学报,2011,38(3):434-440.
[12]叶创兴,马虎元.植物学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:201.
[13]荣瑞芬,郑荣庭.核桃雄花芽形态分化及发育的观察[J].河北农业大学学报,1991,14(1):44-46.
[14]许自龙,汪阳东,陈益存,等.山鸡椒雄花花芽发育形态解剖特征观察[J].植物科学学报,2017,35(2):152-163.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |