尾矿库溃坝运动特征模拟研究
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摘要
尾矿库是一个具有高势能的人造危险源,一旦溃坝,将严重威胁下游人民生命财产安全和生态环境保护。由于尾矿库溃坝因素和条件的复杂性,以及溃坝体在下游沟道或场地运动及滞留特征的不确定性,导致尾矿库溃坝后的运动特征预测成为一个难点。本文基于连续介质和非连续介质力学理论,考虑当前流固耦合数值模拟能力和特征,运用Massflow和PFC3D软件,结合无人机精细测量、现场调查和验证分析等手段,开展了多手段相结合的尾矿库溃坝运动特征模拟研究。研究发现,基于PFC3D和Massflow两种数值方法模拟溃坝后的尾矿砂运动过程有所不同。Massflow模拟结果显示,大部分尾砂体沿着尾矿库下游的曲折沟道运移,在沟谷与张唐铁路交汇的涵洞处堆积;而PFC3D模拟结果显示,尾矿库溃坝后大部分尾矿砂沿着尾矿库主体朝向溃决漫流,少部分进入其下游曲折沟道。研究认为,考虑地质体和运动过程的不确定性,对于尾矿库溃坝的运动特征模拟宜结合两种不同理论基础的模拟方法,并结合实际尾矿库情况进行综合分析预测。
Tailings pond is an artificial hazard source with high potential energy. Once the dam breaks,it will surely threaten the safety of people regarding property and ecological environment of downstream. Due to the complexity of factors and the uncertainty of movement and retention in the downstream channel or site,it is difficult to predict the movement characteristics of tailings dam break. In this paper,based on the mechanics theory of continuous media and discontinuous media, considering the current ability of fluid-solid coupling numerical simulation, using the software such as Massflow, PFC3 Dcombination UAV measurement, analysis of field investigation and verification,conduct a research of simulation study on the movement characteristics of tailings dam break. It is found that the tailings movement process is different based on PFC3 Dand Massflow numerical simulation.Massflow simulation results show that most of the tailings sands move along the zigzag channel downstream of the tailings pond and accumulate at the culvert where the gully meets the Zhang-Tang railway; PFC3 Dsimulation results show that most of the tailings sands follow the tailings ponds main body towards outburst overflow,and a few enter the zigzag channel downstream. According to the research,considering the uncertainty of geological mass and movement process,it is advisable to combine two simulation methods based on different theoretical bases for the simulation of movement characteristics,and make comprehensive analysis and prediction combining with the actual situation of tailings pond.
Tailings pond is an artificial hazard source with high potential energy. Once the dam breaks,it will surely threaten the safety of people regarding property and ecological environment of downstream. Due to the complexity of factors and the uncertainty of movement and retention in the downstream channel or site,it is difficult to predict the movement characteristics of tailings dam break. In this paper,based on the mechanics theory of continuous media and discontinuous media, considering the current ability of fluid-solid coupling numerical simulation, using the software such as Massflow, PFC3 Dcombination UAV measurement, analysis of field investigation and verification,conduct a research of simulation study on the movement characteristics of tailings dam break. It is found that the tailings movement process is different based on PFC3 Dand Massflow numerical simulation.Massflow simulation results show that most of the tailings sands move along the zigzag channel downstream of the tailings pond and accumulate at the culvert where the gully meets the Zhang-Tang railway; PFC3 Dsimulation results show that most of the tailings sands follow the tailings ponds main body towards outburst overflow,and a few enter the zigzag channel downstream. According to the research,considering the uncertainty of geological mass and movement process,it is advisable to combine two simulation methods based on different theoretical bases for the simulation of movement characteristics,and make comprehensive analysis and prediction combining with the actual situation of tailings pond.
引文
Chen D Q,He F,Wang L G.2009.Numerical Calculation of the tailings dam Failurein Fengcheng city[J].Metal Mine,(10):74-76.
Chen Q S,Sun J H.1995.Calculation of tailngs flow due to dam break[J].Journal of Hohai University,23(5):99-105.
Deng L S,Fan W,Xiong W,et al.2009.Development features and risk of inducing slag debris flow at Daxicha gully[J].Journal of Engineering Geolog,17(3):415-420.
Geological and Mineral Industry Standards of the People's Republic of China.2004.Design specifications for debris flow disaster prevention engineering(DZ/T0239-2004)[S].Beijing:China Geological Survey.
Iverson R M,Ouyang C J.2015.Entrainment of bed material by Earthsurface mass flows:Review and reformulation of depth-integrated theory[J].Reviews of Geophysics,53(1):27-58.
Jiang Q H,Hu L M,Lin H.2017.Advances in research of tailings dam failures[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,37(4):77-86.
Komnitsas K,Kontopoulos A,Lazar I L,et al.1998.Risk assessment and proposed remedial actions in coastal tailings disposal sites in Romania[J].Minerals Engineering,11(12):1179-1190.
Lin C H,Lin M L.2015.Evolution of the large landslide induced by Typhoon Morakot:A case study in the Butangbunasi River,southern Taiwan using the discrete element method[J].Engineering Geology,197:172-187.
Li Q M,Li L,Wang Y H,et al.2011.Research on quantitative calculating method for tailing ponds submerged area in metal and nonmetal mines[J].China Safety Science Journal,21(11):92-96.
Mc Dougall S,Hungr O.2004.A model for the analysis of rapid landslide motion across three-dimensional terrain[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,41(6):1084-1097.
Ni H Y,Zheng W M,Song Z,et al.2014.Study on combined effect of natural debris flow and mine debris flow and prevention countermeasures[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,22(5):928-935.
Ouyang C J,He S M,Xu Q,et al.2013.A Mac Cormack-TVD finite difference method to simulate the mass flow in mountainous terrain with variable computational domain[J].Computers&Geosciences,52:1-10.
Ouyang C J,Zhou K Q,Xu Q,et al.2017.Dynamic analysis and numerical modeling of the 2015 catastrophic landslide of the construction waste landfill at Guangming,Shenzhen,China[J].Landslides,14(2):705-718.
Peng K,Li X B,Wang S M.2012.Optimization model of unascertained measurement for dam-break risk evaluation in tailings dams[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),43(4):1447-1452.
Savage S B,Hutter K.1989.The motion of a finite mass of granular material down a rough incline[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,199:177-215.
Van Niekerk H J,Viljoen M J.2005.Causes and consequences of the merriespruit and ather tailings-dam failures[J].Land Degradation&Development,16(2):201-212.
Zhang C,Yang C H.2006.Effect of fines content on liquefaction properties of tailings material[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,27(7):1133-1142.
陈殿强,何峰,王来贵.2009.凤城市某尾矿库溃坝数值计算[J].金属矿山,(10):74-76.
陈青生,孙建华.1995.矿山尾矿库溃坝砂流的计算模拟[J].河海大学学报,23(5):99-105.
邓龙胜,范文,熊炜,等.2009.矿渣型泥石流发育特征及危险性评价[J].工程地质学报,17(3):415-420.
姜清辉,胡利民,林海.2017.尾矿库溃坝研究进展[J].水利水电科技进展,37(4):77-86.
李全明,李玲,王云海,等.2011.尾矿库溃坝淹没范围的定量计算方法研究[J].中国安全科学技术,21(11):92-96.
倪化勇,郑万模,宋志,等.2014.自然泥石流与矿渣泥石流复合效应与防治对策[J].工程地质学报,22(5):928-935.
彭康,李夕兵,王世鸣,等.2012.基于未确知测度模型的尾矿库溃坝风险评价[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),43(4):1447-1452.
张超,杨春和.2006.细粒含量对尾矿材料液化特性的影响[J].岩土力学,27(7):1133-1142.
中华人民共和国地质矿产行业标准.2004.泥石流灾害防治工程设计规范(DZ/T0239-2004)[S].北京:中国地质调查局.
Chen Q S,Sun J H.1995.Calculation of tailngs flow due to dam break[J].Journal of Hohai University,23(5):99-105.
Deng L S,Fan W,Xiong W,et al.2009.Development features and risk of inducing slag debris flow at Daxicha gully[J].Journal of Engineering Geolog,17(3):415-420.
Geological and Mineral Industry Standards of the People's Republic of China.2004.Design specifications for debris flow disaster prevention engineering(DZ/T0239-2004)[S].Beijing:China Geological Survey.
Iverson R M,Ouyang C J.2015.Entrainment of bed material by Earthsurface mass flows:Review and reformulation of depth-integrated theory[J].Reviews of Geophysics,53(1):27-58.
Jiang Q H,Hu L M,Lin H.2017.Advances in research of tailings dam failures[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,37(4):77-86.
Komnitsas K,Kontopoulos A,Lazar I L,et al.1998.Risk assessment and proposed remedial actions in coastal tailings disposal sites in Romania[J].Minerals Engineering,11(12):1179-1190.
Lin C H,Lin M L.2015.Evolution of the large landslide induced by Typhoon Morakot:A case study in the Butangbunasi River,southern Taiwan using the discrete element method[J].Engineering Geology,197:172-187.
Li Q M,Li L,Wang Y H,et al.2011.Research on quantitative calculating method for tailing ponds submerged area in metal and nonmetal mines[J].China Safety Science Journal,21(11):92-96.
Mc Dougall S,Hungr O.2004.A model for the analysis of rapid landslide motion across three-dimensional terrain[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,41(6):1084-1097.
Ni H Y,Zheng W M,Song Z,et al.2014.Study on combined effect of natural debris flow and mine debris flow and prevention countermeasures[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,22(5):928-935.
Ouyang C J,He S M,Xu Q,et al.2013.A Mac Cormack-TVD finite difference method to simulate the mass flow in mountainous terrain with variable computational domain[J].Computers&Geosciences,52:1-10.
Ouyang C J,Zhou K Q,Xu Q,et al.2017.Dynamic analysis and numerical modeling of the 2015 catastrophic landslide of the construction waste landfill at Guangming,Shenzhen,China[J].Landslides,14(2):705-718.
Peng K,Li X B,Wang S M.2012.Optimization model of unascertained measurement for dam-break risk evaluation in tailings dams[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),43(4):1447-1452.
Savage S B,Hutter K.1989.The motion of a finite mass of granular material down a rough incline[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,199:177-215.
Van Niekerk H J,Viljoen M J.2005.Causes and consequences of the merriespruit and ather tailings-dam failures[J].Land Degradation&Development,16(2):201-212.
Zhang C,Yang C H.2006.Effect of fines content on liquefaction properties of tailings material[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,27(7):1133-1142.
陈殿强,何峰,王来贵.2009.凤城市某尾矿库溃坝数值计算[J].金属矿山,(10):74-76.
陈青生,孙建华.1995.矿山尾矿库溃坝砂流的计算模拟[J].河海大学学报,23(5):99-105.
邓龙胜,范文,熊炜,等.2009.矿渣型泥石流发育特征及危险性评价[J].工程地质学报,17(3):415-420.
姜清辉,胡利民,林海.2017.尾矿库溃坝研究进展[J].水利水电科技进展,37(4):77-86.
李全明,李玲,王云海,等.2011.尾矿库溃坝淹没范围的定量计算方法研究[J].中国安全科学技术,21(11):92-96.
倪化勇,郑万模,宋志,等.2014.自然泥石流与矿渣泥石流复合效应与防治对策[J].工程地质学报,22(5):928-935.
彭康,李夕兵,王世鸣,等.2012.基于未确知测度模型的尾矿库溃坝风险评价[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),43(4):1447-1452.
张超,杨春和.2006.细粒含量对尾矿材料液化特性的影响[J].岩土力学,27(7):1133-1142.
中华人民共和国地质矿产行业标准.2004.泥石流灾害防治工程设计规范(DZ/T0239-2004)[S].北京:中国地质调查局.