结晶器铜板等离子喷涂镍-石墨涂层的耐磨性
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摘要
为提高连铸结晶器铜板的使用寿命和铸坯质量,采用超音速等离子喷涂技术在结晶器铜板材料Cr-Zr-Cu基体上制备镍-石墨自润滑涂层,利用扫描电镜(SEM)对喷涂粉末和涂层的组织形貌进行表征,通过球-盘式摩擦磨损实验研究载荷和温度对镍-石墨自润滑涂层、摩擦系数、磨损量的影响,并对涂层的磨损机制进行分析.结果表明:利用超音速等离子喷涂制备的镍-石墨涂层与基体结合良好,结构致密;涂层的摩擦系数和磨损量均随着载荷的增加而增加,不同载荷下涂层的磨损机制均是磨粒磨损,且随着载荷增加,磨粒磨损加剧;涂层的摩擦系数随着温度的增加而增加,且磨损机制均为氧化磨损,但是温度为225℃时,以石墨的润滑作用为主,温度为425℃时,石墨相被氧化镍覆盖,石墨的润滑作用降低,以氧化镍的润滑作用为主.镍-石墨涂层能显著降低Cr-Zr-Cu基体的摩擦系数和磨损量,提高结晶器的耐磨性能.
To improve the life of continuous casting copper moldand the quality of slab, Nickel-Graphite self-lubricating coating was prepared on Cr-Zr-Cu alloy for continuous casting mold by supersonic plasma spraying. Morphologies of the sprayed powder and the coating were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM). Effects of load and temperature on the friction coefficient and wear mass of Nickel-Graphite self-lubricating coating were investigated by a ball-plate type sliding wear test, and the wear mechanism of the coating was analyzed. Results show that the Nickel-Graphite coating prepared by supersonic plasma spraying possess was ingood bonding statewith high density. The wear testing result suggestthat the friction coefficient and the wear massincreased with the increaseof load. The wear mechanism of the coating under different loadswas abrasive wear, and the wear of the abrasive became worse with increasing load. The friction coefficient of the coating increased with increasing temperature, and the wear mechanism was oxidative wear. However, when the temperature was 225 ℃, the lubricating effect of graphite was dominant. When the temperature was 425 ℃, the graphite phase was covered by nickel oxide, the lubrication of the graphitewas reduced, and the nickel oxide acted as a lubricant. The Nickel-Graphite coating can significantly reduce the friction coefficient and wear mass of the Cr-Zr-Cu matrix, and improve the wear resistance of the mold.
To improve the life of continuous casting copper moldand the quality of slab, Nickel-Graphite self-lubricating coating was prepared on Cr-Zr-Cu alloy for continuous casting mold by supersonic plasma spraying. Morphologies of the sprayed powder and the coating were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM). Effects of load and temperature on the friction coefficient and wear mass of Nickel-Graphite self-lubricating coating were investigated by a ball-plate type sliding wear test, and the wear mechanism of the coating was analyzed. Results show that the Nickel-Graphite coating prepared by supersonic plasma spraying possess was ingood bonding statewith high density. The wear testing result suggestthat the friction coefficient and the wear massincreased with the increaseof load. The wear mechanism of the coating under different loadswas abrasive wear, and the wear of the abrasive became worse with increasing load. The friction coefficient of the coating increased with increasing temperature, and the wear mechanism was oxidative wear. However, when the temperature was 225 ℃, the lubricating effect of graphite was dominant. When the temperature was 425 ℃, the graphite phase was covered by nickel oxide, the lubrication of the graphitewas reduced, and the nickel oxide acted as a lubricant. The Nickel-Graphite coating can significantly reduce the friction coefficient and wear mass of the Cr-Zr-Cu matrix, and improve the wear resistance of the mold.
引文
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[25] TANG J J,LIU K,YANG Q Z,et al.The influence of size and distribution of graphite on the friction and wear behavior of Ni-graphite coatings[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2014,252:48-55.
[26] ZHAO Xiaoqin,LI Shuangjian,HOU Guoliang,et al.Influence of doping graphite on microstructure and tribological properties of plasma sprayed 3Al2O3-2SiO2 coating[J].Tribology International,2016,101:168-177.
[2] BARELLA S,GRUTTADAURIA A,MAPELLI C,et al.Investigation of failure and damages on a continuous casting copper mould[J].Engineering Failure Analysis,2014,36:432-438.
[3] PANDEY J C,RAJ M,MISHRA R,et al.Failure of nickel coating on a copper mold of a slab caster[J].Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention,2008,8:3-11.
[4] MIGUEL J M,VIZCAINO S,LORENZANA C,et al.Tribological behavior of bronze composite coatings obtained by plasma thermal spraying[J].Tribology Letters,2011,42:263-273.
[5] DAVID C,ANTHONY B,SANDRA C,et al.Improving tribological properties of cast Al-Si alloys through application of wear-resistant thermal spray coatings[J].Journal of Thermal Spray Technology,2013,22:491-501.
[6] MIGUEL J M,GUILEMANY J M,DOSTA S.Effect of the spraying process on the microstructure and tribological properties of bronze-alumina composite coatings[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2010,205:2184-2190.
[7] BALAMURUGAN G M,DURAISELVAM M,ANANDAKRISHNAN V.Comparison of high temperature wear behaviour of plasma sprayed WC-Co coated and hard chromium plated AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel[J].Materials & Design,2012,35:640-646.
[8] SERRES N,HLAWKA F,COSTIL S,et al.Microstructures of metallic NiCrBSi coatings manufactured via hybrid plasma spray and in situ laser remelting process[J].Journal of Thermal Spray Technology,2011,20:336-343.
[9] SOHI M H,GHADAMI F.Comparative tribological study of air plasma sprayed WC-12%Co coating versus conventional hard chromium electrodeposit[J].Tribology International,2010,43:882-886.
[10] BAI Y,HAN Z H,LI H Q,et al.Structure-property differences between supersonic and conventional atmospheric plasma sprayed zirconia thermal barrier coatings[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2011,205:3833-3839.
[11] BAI Y,HAN Z H,LI H Q,et al.High performance nanostructured ZrO2 based thermal barrier coatings deposited by high efficiency supersonic plasma spraying[J].Applied Surface Science,2011,257:7210-7216.
[12] BAI Y,TANG J J,QU Y M,et al.Influence of original powders on the microstructure and properties of thermal barrier coatings deposited by supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying,Part I:microstructure[J].Ceramics International,2013,39:5113-5124.
[13] BAI Y,ZHAO J J,TANG J J,et al.Influence of original powders on the microstructure and properties of thermal barrier coatings deposited by supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying,part II:properties[J].Ceramics International,2013,39:4437-4448.
[14] NATARAJAN S,ANAND E E,AKHILESH K S,et al.Effect of graphite addition on the microstructure,hardness and abrasive wear behavior of plasma sprayed NiCrBSi coatings[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2016,175:100-106.
[15] YANG Jie,ZHANG Yunjing,ZHAO Xiaoqin,et al.Tribological behaviors of plasma sprayed CuAl/Ni-graphite composite coating[J].Tribology International,2015,90:96-103.
[16] HUANG Chunjie,LI Wenya,XIE Yingchun,et al.Effect of substrate type on deposition behavior and wear performance of Ni-coated graphite/Al composite coatings deposited by cold spraying[J].Journal of Materials Science & Technology,2017,33:338-346.
[17] HEJWOWSKI T,SZEWCZYK S,WERO.An investigation of the abrasive and erosive wear of flame-sprayed coatings[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2000,106:54-57.
[18] GUILEMANY J M,NAVARRO J,LORENZANA C,et al.Tribological behaviour of abradable coatings obtained by atmospheric plasma spraying(APS)[C]//International Thermal Spray Conference.Geauga:ASM International,2001:1115-1118.
[19] GAO Siyang,LIU Suwei,LI Shu,et al.Evaluation of wear resistance of abradable coatings by a single-pass pendulum scratch method[J].Tribology,2010,30:385-391.
[20] MA Xiao,MATTHEWS A.Evaluation of abradable seal coating mechanical properties[J].Wear,2009,267:1501-1510.
[21] XUE Weihai,GAO Siyang,DUAN Deli,et al.Study on the high-speed rubbing wearbehavior between Ti6Al4V blade and nickel-graphite abradable seal coating[J].Tribology,2013,139:21604-21610.
[22] 樊自拴,潘继岗,孙冬柏,等.结晶器失效分析和表面处理技术的研究进展[J].铸造技术,2004,25(12):952-954.FAN Zishuan,PAN Jigang,SUN Dongbai,et al.Research progress on disabled analyzing and dispose of surface technology on crystallizer[J].Foundry Technology,2004,25(12):952-954.
[23] 朱立光,李琨,李曜光,等.板坯连铸结晶器铜板传热行为[J].铸造技术,2016,37(4):706-709.ZHU Liguang,LI Kun,LI Yaoguang,et al.Heat transfer behavior of crystallizer copper plate for slab continuous casting[J].Foundry Technology,2016,37(4):706-709.
[24] REZA S,MAHMOUD H S,MOHAMMAD A,et al.Effect of APS process parameters on high-temperature wear behavior of nickel-graphite abradable seal coatings[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2017,321:403-408.
[25] TANG J J,LIU K,YANG Q Z,et al.The influence of size and distribution of graphite on the friction and wear behavior of Ni-graphite coatings[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2014,252:48-55.
[26] ZHAO Xiaoqin,LI Shuangjian,HOU Guoliang,et al.Influence of doping graphite on microstructure and tribological properties of plasma sprayed 3Al2O3-2SiO2 coating[J].Tribology International,2016,101:168-177.