北京市延庆区生态环境(绿色GDP)核算体系研究
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摘要
在国家环境经济核算体系框架基础上,构建了北京市延庆区生态环境(绿色GDP)核算体系,主要包括生态系统生产总值(GEP)、生态环境退化成本、生态环境改善效益3个账户核算,并开展了2014—2016年延庆区及各主体功能分区、各乡镇的连续时空动态核算。核算结果表明:(1)延庆区生态系统生产总值(GEP)较高并稳定增加,2014—2016年GEP在320. 06亿元～335. 63亿元之间,大约是当年GDP的3倍。(2)生态环境退化成本较低并有所降低,2014—2016年生态环境退化成本在7 432. 51万元～10 433. 1万元之间,占当年GDP比重的0. 67%～0. 95%。(3)生态环境治理成效明显,2014—2016年生态环境改善效益在-3 154. 44万元～21 564. 44万元之间,占当年GDP比重的-0. 31%～1. 94%,并以大气环境质量改善效益为主。(4) GEP总体上呈中部平原低、两边山区高的空间格局;生态环境退化成本和生态环境改善效益呈城镇发展区较高、农业生产区和生态保护区较低的空间格局,既是生态环境短板区同时也是生态环境治理成效明显区。由此建议延庆区充分发挥其生态涵养区的生态优势,不断提高生态系统价值、降低环境退化成本,同时探索将核算结果应用于政绩考核,促进生态文明建设。
The ecological environment accounting system( GGDP) framework was built in Yanqing district of Beijing,including gross ecosystem product( GEP),cost of ecological and environmental degradation,benefit of ecological and environmental improvement based on the national environmental economic accounting system framework.Then the spatio-temporal dynamic accounting was carried out from the township,main functional areas to the whole district from 2014 to 2016. The results showed that:( 1) The gross ecosystem product( GEP) was relatively high and steadily increasing from 2014 to 2016,which was between 32. 006 to 33. 563 billion yuan and nearly three times of GDP.( 2) The cost of ecological and environmental degradation was relatively low and decreased,which ranged from 74. 3 to 104. 3 million yuan,accounting for 0. 67% to 0. 95% of GDP in that year.( 3) The achievement of ecological and environmental governance was remarkable and especially the atmospheric environment. The benefits of ecological and environmental improvement ranged from-31. 54 to 215. 6 million yuan,accounting for-0. 31% ～ 1. 94% of GDP in that year.( 4) The spatial distribution of GEP showed that lower in the plain areas and higher in the mountain areas on both sides.The spatial distribution of both the cost of ecological environment degradation and the benefit of ecological environment improvement showed that higher in urban development areas and lower in the agricultural production areas and ecological protection areas.That means that the short board areas of ecological environment was also effect obvious areas of ecological environment management.Therefore,we suggested that ecological advantages should be fully taken in Yanqing district,and constantly improving the ecosystem value,reducing the cost of environmental degradation,exploring the application of accounting results in the performance assessment,so as to promote the construction of ecological civilization.
The ecological environment accounting system( GGDP) framework was built in Yanqing district of Beijing,including gross ecosystem product( GEP),cost of ecological and environmental degradation,benefit of ecological and environmental improvement based on the national environmental economic accounting system framework.Then the spatio-temporal dynamic accounting was carried out from the township,main functional areas to the whole district from 2014 to 2016. The results showed that:( 1) The gross ecosystem product( GEP) was relatively high and steadily increasing from 2014 to 2016,which was between 32. 006 to 33. 563 billion yuan and nearly three times of GDP.( 2) The cost of ecological and environmental degradation was relatively low and decreased,which ranged from 74. 3 to 104. 3 million yuan,accounting for 0. 67% to 0. 95% of GDP in that year.( 3) The achievement of ecological and environmental governance was remarkable and especially the atmospheric environment. The benefits of ecological and environmental improvement ranged from-31. 54 to 215. 6 million yuan,accounting for-0. 31% ～ 1. 94% of GDP in that year.( 4) The spatial distribution of GEP showed that lower in the plain areas and higher in the mountain areas on both sides.The spatial distribution of both the cost of ecological environment degradation and the benefit of ecological environment improvement showed that higher in urban development areas and lower in the agricultural production areas and ecological protection areas.That means that the short board areas of ecological environment was also effect obvious areas of ecological environment management.Therefore,we suggested that ecological advantages should be fully taken in Yanqing district,and constantly improving the ecosystem value,reducing the cost of environmental degradation,exploring the application of accounting results in the performance assessment,so as to promote the construction of ecological civilization.
引文
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[25]王金南,曹东,曹颖.环境绩效评估:考量地方环保实绩[J].环境保护,2009(16):23-24.
[2]王金南,马国霞,於方,等.2015年中国经济-生态生产总值核算研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2018,28(2):1-7.
[3]张晓宇,陈异晖,蒋洪强,等.云南省环境经济核算实证研究及应用思考[J].生态经济,2018,34(5):111-114,188.
[4]UN:Integrated environmental and economic accounting[M].New York:UNP Publish,1993.
[5]United Nations.Integrated environmental and economic accounting:an operational manual[M]. New York:United Nations,2000.
[6]United Nations.Integrated environmental and economic accounting 2003[M].New York:United Nations,2003.
[7]European Commission,Food and Agriculture Organization,International Monetary Fund,et al. System of environmental-economic accounting—central framework[M]. New York:United Nations,2012.
[8]邱琼.首个环境经济核算体系的国际统计标准——《2012年环境经济核算体系:中心框架》简介[J].中国统计,2014(7):60-61.
[9]王金南,蒋洪强,曹东,等.绿色国民经济核算[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2009.
[10]中共中央.中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定[R].2013.
[11]蒋洪强,王金南,吴文俊.我国生态环境资产负债表编制框架研究[J].中国环境管理,2014(6):1-9.
[12]中共中央.坚定不移沿着中国特色社会主义道路前进为全面建成小康社会而奋斗[R].2012.
[13]欧阳志云,朱春全,杨广斌,等.生态系统生产总值核算:概念、核算方法与案例研究[J].生态学报,2013,33(21):6747-6761.
[14]Millennium Ecosystem Assessment(MA). Millennium ecosystem assessment:living beyond our means——natural assets and human well-being[R]. Washington D C:World Resources Institute,2005.
[15]COSTANZA R,D’ARGE R,DE GROOT R,et al.The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Nature,1997,387(6630):253-260.
[16]DAILY G C. Nature’s services:societal dependence on natural ecosystems[M]. Washington DC:Island Press,1997.
[17]HAINES-YOUNG R,POTSCHIN M. Proposal for a common international classification of ecosystem goods and services(CICES)for integrated environmental and economic accounting(V1). Report to European Environment Agency[R].Nottingham:University of Nottingham,2010.
[18]马国霞,赵学涛,吴琼,等.生态系统生产总值核算概念界定和体系构建[J].资源科学,2015,37(9):1709-1715.
[19]马国霞,於方,王金南,等.中国2015年陆地生态系统生产总值核算研究[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(4):1474-1482.
[20]王莉雁,肖燚,欧阳志云,等.国家级重点生态功能区县生态系统生产总值核算研究——以阿尔山市为例[J].中国人口资源与环境,2017,27(3):146-154.
[21]国家林业局.中华人民共和国林业行业标准. LY/T2735—2016自然资源(森林)资产评价技术规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
[22]於方,王金南,曹东,等.中国环境经济核算技术指南[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2009.
[23]OSTRO B.Outdoor air pollution:assessing the environmental burden of disease at national and local levels[EB/OL].[2018-11-27]. http://www. who. int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/ebd5.pdf.
[24]黄德生,张世秋.京津冀地区控制PM2.5污染的健康效益评估[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(1):166-174.
[25]王金南,曹东,曹颖.环境绩效评估:考量地方环保实绩[J].环境保护,2009(16):23-24.
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