多分量数据全波形反演在气藏检测中的关键问题——以苏里格气田为例
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摘要
苏里格气田是中国典型的致密砂岩气藏,构造简单、平缓,横向非均质性强,有效储层与围岩声学特征差别小,地震响应不明显,常规地震监测方法预测难度大,但气田含气砂岩泊松比低,是地震气藏检测的有效参数。利用弹性全波形反演精度高和能处理复杂非均质介质的优势,反演地层拉梅常数、剪切模量和密度,并计算泊松比,从而进行气藏预测。重点阐述了苏里格气田多分量数据全波形反演初始模型建模、先验模型建模和地震数据预处理3个关键问题的处理方法。二维三分量数据反演和"甜点"预测结果表明:①对于具有强非均质性的苏里格气田,利用全波形反演获得精度较高的地层弹性参数能显著提高气藏预测的准确度;②苏里格地区构造简单、平缓,利用常规叠加速度并结合构造解释可以建立比较好的初始模型,从而有效地解决了周波跳跃和局部极小的难题;③先验知识的约束和地震数据的预处理是全波形反演成功应用于苏里格气田气藏检测的关键。
Sulige gas field is the typical tight sand gas reservoirs in China,characterized with simple and gentle structure and strongly lateral heterogeneity;due to the subtle difference of acoustic characteristics between the reservoir and surrounding rocks,seismic response is unobvious.This leads to a big difficulty in predicting the conventional seismic monitoring technique.The Poisson's ratio of gas-bearing sand in gas field is small,and can be used as an effective parameter to detect gas reservoirs.Gas reservoir prediction is achieved by taking the advantages of high-precision elastic full waveform inversion(FWI)and the ability to process complex heterogeneous media,by inversion of the laméconstant,shear modulus and density of formations,as well as calculation of the Poisson's ratio.This paper focuses on the three key problems of multi-component full waveform inversion in Sulige gas field,i.e.,initial modeling,prior modeling and seismic data preprocessing.The results of 2 D3 C data inversion and sweet points prediction show that:(1)The high-precision stratigraphic elastic parameters obtained by FWI can significantly improve the accuracy of gas reservoir prediction in the Sulige gas field with strong heterogeneity;(2)The Sulige area has simple and gentle structure,and the conventional stack velocity is used in combination with structural interpretation to create a good initial model,so as to effectively solve such problems as cycle skip and local minimum;(3)the prior knowledge constraint and the preprocessing of seismic data are also key factors for successfully applying FWI in the gas reservoir detection of Sulige gas field.
Sulige gas field is the typical tight sand gas reservoirs in China,characterized with simple and gentle structure and strongly lateral heterogeneity;due to the subtle difference of acoustic characteristics between the reservoir and surrounding rocks,seismic response is unobvious.This leads to a big difficulty in predicting the conventional seismic monitoring technique.The Poisson's ratio of gas-bearing sand in gas field is small,and can be used as an effective parameter to detect gas reservoirs.Gas reservoir prediction is achieved by taking the advantages of high-precision elastic full waveform inversion(FWI)and the ability to process complex heterogeneous media,by inversion of the laméconstant,shear modulus and density of formations,as well as calculation of the Poisson's ratio.This paper focuses on the three key problems of multi-component full waveform inversion in Sulige gas field,i.e.,initial modeling,prior modeling and seismic data preprocessing.The results of 2 D3 C data inversion and sweet points prediction show that:(1)The high-precision stratigraphic elastic parameters obtained by FWI can significantly improve the accuracy of gas reservoir prediction in the Sulige gas field with strong heterogeneity;(2)The Sulige area has simple and gentle structure,and the conventional stack velocity is used in combination with structural interpretation to create a good initial model,so as to effectively solve such problems as cycle skip and local minimum;(3)the prior knowledge constraint and the preprocessing of seismic data are also key factors for successfully applying FWI in the gas reservoir detection of Sulige gas field.
引文
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[14]DUPUY B,GARAMBOIS S,VIRIEUX J.Estimation of rock physics properties from seismic attributes-Part 1:strategy and sensitivity analysis[J].Geophysics,2016,81(3):M35-M53.
[15]贾爱林,王国亭,孟德伟,等.大型低渗-致密气田井网加密提高采收率对策---以鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田为例[J].石油学报,2018,39(7):802-813.JIA Ailin,WANG Guoting,MENG Dewei,et al.Well pattern infilling strategy to enhance oil recovery of giant low-permeability tight gasfield:a case study of Sulige gasfield,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(7):802-813.
[16]赵文智,卞从胜,徐兆辉.苏里格气田与川中须家河组气田成藏共性与差异[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(4):400-408.ZHAO Wenzhi,BIAN Congsheng,XU Zhaohui.Similarities and differences between natural gas accumulations in Sulige gas field in Ordos Basin and Xujiahe gas field in central Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(4):400-408.
[17]李剑,魏国齐,谢增业,等.中国致密砂岩大气田成藏机理与主控因素---以鄂尔多斯盆地和四川盆地为例[J].石油学报,2013,34(增刊1):14-28.LI Jian,WEI Guoqi,XIE Zengye,et al.Accumulation mechanism and main controlling factors of large tight sandstone gas fields in China:cases study on Ordos Basin and Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(S1):14-28.
[18]赵靖舟,付金华,姚泾利,等.鄂尔多斯盆地准连续型致密砂岩大气田成藏模式[J].石油学报,2012,33(增刊1):37-52.ZHAO Jingzhou,FU Jinhua,YAO Jingli,et al.Quasi-continuous accumulation model of large tight sandstone gas field in Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(S1):37-52.
[19]何自新,付金华,席胜利,等.苏里格大气田成藏地质特征[J].石油学报,2003,24(2):6-12.HE Zixin,FU Jinhua,XI Shengli,et al.Geological features of reservoir formation of Sulige gas field[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,24(2):6-12.
[20]MORA P.Elastic wave-field inversion of reflection and transmission data[J].Geophysics,1988,53(6):750-759.
[21]石玉梅,曹宏,李宏兵,等.多参数声学全波形反演及气藏检测[J].石油学报,2016,37(2):214-221.SHI Yumei,CAO Hong,LI Hongbing,et al.Multi-parameter acoustic full waveform inversion and gas reservoir detection[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(2):214-221.
[22]TARANTOLA A.A strategy for nonlinear elastic inversion of seismic reflection data[J].Geophysics,1986,51(10):1893-1903.
[23]XU Kun,MCMECHAN G A.2D frequency-domain elastic fullwaveform inversion using time-domain modeling and a multisteplength gradient approach[J].Geophysics,2014,79(2):R41-R53.
[24]VIGH D,JIAO Kun,WATTS D,et al.Elastic full-waveform inversion application using multicomponent measurements of seismic data collection[J].Geophysics,2014,79(2):R63-R77.
[25]ASNAASHARI A,BROSSIER R,GARAMBOIS S,et al.Regularized seismic full-waveform inversion with prior model information[J].Geophysics,2013,78(2):R25-R36.
[26]RICKETT J E,LUMLEY D E.Cross-equalization data processing for time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring:a case study from the Gulf of Mexico[J].Geophysics,2001,66(4):1015-1025.
[27]LAZARATOS S,CHIKICHEV I,WANG Ke.Improving the convergence rate of full wavefield inversion using spectral shaping[R].SEG2428,2011:2428-2432.
[28]石玉梅,谢桂生.多分量数据静校正对叠前振幅分析的影响[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(6):635-639.SHI Yumei,XIE Guisheng.Influence of multi-component data static corrections on prestack amplitude analysis[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(6):635-639.
[2]石玉梅,谢韬,宋建勇,等.声学全波形反演预测饱和度[J].石油学报,2017,38(11):1284-1292.SHI Yumei,XIE Tao,SONG Jianyong,et al.Prediction of saturation using acoustic full waveform inversion[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(11):1284-1292.
[3]SHI Yumei,ZHAO Wenzhi,CAO Hong.Nonlinear process control of wave-equation inversion and its application in the detection of gas[J].Geophysics,2007,72(1):R9-R18.
[4]赵邦六,石玉梅,姚逢昌,等.多分量地震全波形弹性反演预测砂岩油藏剩余油分布[J].石油学报,2013,34(2):328-333.ZHAO Bangliu,SHI Yumei,YAO Fengchang,et al.Prediction of the remaining oil distribution using multi-component seismic full waveform elastic inversion[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(2):328-333.
[5]VIRIEUX J,OPERTO S.An overview of full-waveform inversion in exploration geophysics[J].Geophysics,2009,74(6):WCC1-WCC26.
[6]BEYDOUN W B,TARANTOLA A.First Born and Rytov approximations:modeling and inversion conditions in a canonical example[J].The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1988,83(3):1045-1055.
[7]ZHU Hejun,FOMEL S.Building good starting models for fullwaveform inversion using adaptive matching filtering misfit[J].Geophysics,2016,81(5):U61-U72.
[8]LUO Jingrui,WU Rushan.Initial model construction for elastic full waveform inversion using envelope inversion method[R].SEG5820719,2015:1420-1424.
[9]WARNER M,GUASCH L.Adaptive waveform inversion:theory[J].Geophysics,2016,81(6):R429-R445.
[10]VIGH D,LEWIS W,PAREKH C,et al.Introducing well constraints in full waveform inversion and its applications in time-lapse seismic measurements[R].SEG5819474,2015:1143-1147.
[11]JIANG Wenbin,ZHANG Jie.Imaging complex near-surface land area with joint traveltime and waveform inversion[R].SEG5863831,2015:1441-1445.
[12]TIKHONOV A N,ARSENIN V Y.Solutions of ill-posed problems[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1977.
[13]杨文采.地球物理反演的理论与方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.YANG Wencai.Theory and methods of geophysical inversion[M].Beijing:Geological Press,1997.
[14]DUPUY B,GARAMBOIS S,VIRIEUX J.Estimation of rock physics properties from seismic attributes-Part 1:strategy and sensitivity analysis[J].Geophysics,2016,81(3):M35-M53.
[15]贾爱林,王国亭,孟德伟,等.大型低渗-致密气田井网加密提高采收率对策---以鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田为例[J].石油学报,2018,39(7):802-813.JIA Ailin,WANG Guoting,MENG Dewei,et al.Well pattern infilling strategy to enhance oil recovery of giant low-permeability tight gasfield:a case study of Sulige gasfield,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(7):802-813.
[16]赵文智,卞从胜,徐兆辉.苏里格气田与川中须家河组气田成藏共性与差异[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(4):400-408.ZHAO Wenzhi,BIAN Congsheng,XU Zhaohui.Similarities and differences between natural gas accumulations in Sulige gas field in Ordos Basin and Xujiahe gas field in central Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(4):400-408.
[17]李剑,魏国齐,谢增业,等.中国致密砂岩大气田成藏机理与主控因素---以鄂尔多斯盆地和四川盆地为例[J].石油学报,2013,34(增刊1):14-28.LI Jian,WEI Guoqi,XIE Zengye,et al.Accumulation mechanism and main controlling factors of large tight sandstone gas fields in China:cases study on Ordos Basin and Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(S1):14-28.
[18]赵靖舟,付金华,姚泾利,等.鄂尔多斯盆地准连续型致密砂岩大气田成藏模式[J].石油学报,2012,33(增刊1):37-52.ZHAO Jingzhou,FU Jinhua,YAO Jingli,et al.Quasi-continuous accumulation model of large tight sandstone gas field in Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(S1):37-52.
[19]何自新,付金华,席胜利,等.苏里格大气田成藏地质特征[J].石油学报,2003,24(2):6-12.HE Zixin,FU Jinhua,XI Shengli,et al.Geological features of reservoir formation of Sulige gas field[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,24(2):6-12.
[20]MORA P.Elastic wave-field inversion of reflection and transmission data[J].Geophysics,1988,53(6):750-759.
[21]石玉梅,曹宏,李宏兵,等.多参数声学全波形反演及气藏检测[J].石油学报,2016,37(2):214-221.SHI Yumei,CAO Hong,LI Hongbing,et al.Multi-parameter acoustic full waveform inversion and gas reservoir detection[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(2):214-221.
[22]TARANTOLA A.A strategy for nonlinear elastic inversion of seismic reflection data[J].Geophysics,1986,51(10):1893-1903.
[23]XU Kun,MCMECHAN G A.2D frequency-domain elastic fullwaveform inversion using time-domain modeling and a multisteplength gradient approach[J].Geophysics,2014,79(2):R41-R53.
[24]VIGH D,JIAO Kun,WATTS D,et al.Elastic full-waveform inversion application using multicomponent measurements of seismic data collection[J].Geophysics,2014,79(2):R63-R77.
[25]ASNAASHARI A,BROSSIER R,GARAMBOIS S,et al.Regularized seismic full-waveform inversion with prior model information[J].Geophysics,2013,78(2):R25-R36.
[26]RICKETT J E,LUMLEY D E.Cross-equalization data processing for time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring:a case study from the Gulf of Mexico[J].Geophysics,2001,66(4):1015-1025.
[27]LAZARATOS S,CHIKICHEV I,WANG Ke.Improving the convergence rate of full wavefield inversion using spectral shaping[R].SEG2428,2011:2428-2432.
[28]石玉梅,谢桂生.多分量数据静校正对叠前振幅分析的影响[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(6):635-639.SHI Yumei,XIE Guisheng.Influence of multi-component data static corrections on prestack amplitude analysis[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(6):635-639.