浙江文成珍稀植物多脉铁木群落结构及物种多样性
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摘要
以浙江省文成县石垟林场的多脉铁木Ostrya multinervis群落为对象,采用标准样地法研究了该群落植物种类、数量特征、物种多样性和群落的垂直和径阶结构。结果表明:该群落资源丰富,共有维管束植物60种(含变种),隶属于40科52属,其中蕨类植物6科7属8种,裸子植物1科1属1种,被子植物33科44属51种。多脉铁木群落垂直结构明显,可分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层,其中乔木层优势树种为多脉铁木,灌木层优势种为披针叶茴香Illicium lanceolatum,草本层优势种为里白Diplopterygium glaucum。群落中的生活型以高位芽植物数量最多,占41.7%。群落中灌木层植物最为丰富, Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、 Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数均大于草本层和乔木层。整个林分乔木层树种的树高分布相对均匀,径阶分布为逆J字型,多脉铁木单一树种的垂直和径阶结构均为近正态分布,多脉铁木群落具有较高的物种多样性和群落稳定性。幼苗个体缺乏是导致其濒危的重要原因之一。建议在目前封山育林保护基础上,加强多脉铁木高效繁育技术研究,并适当进行人工抚育,以保证其种群的正常更新。
Ostrya multinervis is an endangered species to China. To understand the O. multinervis plant community's structural characteristics and species diversity so as to protect this rare and endangered plant. A survey of the community structure and species diversity of O. multinervis was conducted through quadrat sampling at Shiyang Forest Farm, Wencheng County, Zhejiang Province. Using permanent plots and the technique of examining every individual, all trees in quadrats established in the community to quantify the community structural characteristics were identified and measured. Analysis included the Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, and Pielou indexes. Results showed 40 families, 52 genera, and 60 species of vascular plants with eight species of pteridophyte belonging to seven genera in six families, one species of gymnosperms belonging to one genus in one family, and 51 species of angiosperms belonging to 44 genera in 33 families. The vertical structure was composed of three layers: tree layer, shrub layer, and herb layer, in which O. multinervis was the dominant species in the tree layer, Illicium lanceolatum was the dominant species in the shrub layer, and Diplopterygium glaucum was the dominant species in the herb layer. Overall, phanerophytes accounted for the greatest number(41.7%). Species richness for the shrub layer was the largest of the three communities with the ShannonWiener, Simpson, and Pielou indexes larger than herb and tree layers(P<0.05). Tree height distribution in the tree layer for whole trees was relatively uniform, the diameter order was an inverse J type species distribution,and tree height and diameter structure showed near normal distributions for O. multinervis. In summary, O.multinervis communities had a high species diversity and community stability, but were endangered by a lack of young individuals which could be overcome with closure of hillsides to facilitate afforestation, strengthening of research on highly efficient breeding technologies for O. multinervis, and implementation of artificial rearing measures to ensure a normal development of the population.
Ostrya multinervis is an endangered species to China. To understand the O. multinervis plant community's structural characteristics and species diversity so as to protect this rare and endangered plant. A survey of the community structure and species diversity of O. multinervis was conducted through quadrat sampling at Shiyang Forest Farm, Wencheng County, Zhejiang Province. Using permanent plots and the technique of examining every individual, all trees in quadrats established in the community to quantify the community structural characteristics were identified and measured. Analysis included the Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, and Pielou indexes. Results showed 40 families, 52 genera, and 60 species of vascular plants with eight species of pteridophyte belonging to seven genera in six families, one species of gymnosperms belonging to one genus in one family, and 51 species of angiosperms belonging to 44 genera in 33 families. The vertical structure was composed of three layers: tree layer, shrub layer, and herb layer, in which O. multinervis was the dominant species in the tree layer, Illicium lanceolatum was the dominant species in the shrub layer, and Diplopterygium glaucum was the dominant species in the herb layer. Overall, phanerophytes accounted for the greatest number(41.7%). Species richness for the shrub layer was the largest of the three communities with the ShannonWiener, Simpson, and Pielou indexes larger than herb and tree layers(P<0.05). Tree height distribution in the tree layer for whole trees was relatively uniform, the diameter order was an inverse J type species distribution,and tree height and diameter structure showed near normal distributions for O. multinervis. In summary, O.multinervis communities had a high species diversity and community stability, but were endangered by a lack of young individuals which could be overcome with closure of hillsides to facilitate afforestation, strengthening of research on highly efficient breeding technologies for O. multinervis, and implementation of artificial rearing measures to ensure a normal development of the population.
引文
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[16]申仕康,马海英,王跃华,等.濒危植物猪血木(Euryodendron excelsum H.T. Chang)自然种群结构及动态[J].生态学报, 2008, 28(5):2404-2412.SHEN Shikang, MA Haiying, WANG Yuehua, et al. The structure and dynamics of natural population of the endangered plant Euryodendron excelsum H. T. Chang[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2008, 28(5):2404-2412.
[17]张文辉,祖元刚,刘国彬. 10种濒危植物的种群生态学特征及致危因素分析[J].生态学报, 2002, 22(9):1512-1520.ZHANG Wenhui, ZU Yuangang, LIU Guobin. Population ecological characteristics and analysis on endangered cause of ten endangered plant species[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2002, 22(9):1512-1520.
[18]乐笑玮,崔敏燕,杨淑贞,等.濒危植物天目铁木种子休眠及萌发特征研究[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2013(6):150-158.LE Xiaowei, CUI Minyan, YANG Shuzhen, et al. Characters on the seed dormancy and germination of an endangered species Ostrya rehderiana in Tianmu Mountain, China[J]. J East China Norm Univ Nat Sci, 2013(6):150-158.
[19]曹基武,刘春林,张斌,等.珍稀植物银杉的种子萌发特性[J].生态学报, 2010, 30(15):4027-4034.CAO Jiwu, LIU Chunlin, ZHANG Bin, et al. Seed germination of endangered Cathaya argyrophylla Chun&Kuang[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2010, 30(15):4027-4034.
[2]王丽敏,缪心栋,严彩霞,等.浙江省小花花椒群落结构与物种多样性[J].浙江农林大学学报, 2013, 30(2):215-219.WANG Limin, MIAO Xindong, YAN Caixia, et al. Structure characteristics and species diversity of Zanthoxylum micranthum in Zhejiang Province[J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2013, 30(2):215-219.
[3]张婕,上官铁梁,段毅豪,等.灵空山辽东栎种群年龄结构与动态[J].应用生态学报, 2014, 25(11):3125-3130.ZHANG Jie, SHANGGUAN Tieliang, DUAN Yihao, et al. Age structure and dynamics of Quercus wutaishanica population in Lingkong Mountain of Shanxi Province, China[J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2014, 25(11):3125-3130.
[4]张若蕙,刘洪谔,沈锡康,等.多脉铁木家化栽培研究[J].浙江林学院学报, 1991, 8(2):167-173.ZHANG Ruohui, LIU Hong’e, SHEN Xikang, et al. Domestication of Ostrya multinervis[J]. J Zhejiang For Coll,1991, 8(2):167-173.
[5]张若蕙,楼炉焕,李根有.浙江珍稀濒危植物[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社, 1994:76.
[6]朱昌乐,叶正环,胡立帅,等.多脉铁木林调查分析[J].湖北林业科技, 1994(3):1-4.ZHU Changle, YE Zhenghuan, HU Lishuai, et al. Analysis of Ostrya multinervis forest survey[J]. J Hubei For Sci Technol, 1994(3):1-4.
[7]石垟林场志编篡委员会.石垟林场志[M].北京:北京艺术与科学电子出版社, 2012.
[8]郑昌龙,王健铭,李景文.北京松山国家级自然保护区不同林龄胡桃楸林下植物多样性[J].浙江农林大学学报, 2017, 34(5):825-832.ZHENG Changlong, WANG Jianming, LI Jingwen. Undergrowth diversity at different ages of Juglans mandshurica forests in the Songshan National Nature Reserve, Beijing[J]. J Zhejiang A&F Univ, 2017, 34(5):825-832.
[9]高贤明,陈灵芝.植物生活型分类系统的修订及中国暖温带森林植物生活型谱分析[J].植物学报, 1998, 40(6):553-559.GAO Xianming, CHEN Lingzhi. The revision of plant life-form system and an analysis of the life-form spectrum of forest plant in the warm temperate zone of China[J]. Acta Bot Sin, 1998, 40(6):553-559.
[10]吴征镒,周浙昆,孙喆,等.种子植物分布区类型及其起源和分化[M].昆明:云南科技出版社, 2006:60-71.
[11]孟莹莹,周莉,周旺明,等.长白山风倒区植被恢复26年后物种多样性变化特征[J].生态学报, 2015, 35(1):142-149.MENG Yingying, ZHOU Li, ZHOU Wangming, et al. Characteristics of plant species diversity in a wind throw area on Changbai Mountain after 26 years of natural recovery[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2015, 35(1):142-149.
[12]崔宁洁,陈小红,刘洋,等.不同林龄马尾松人工林林下灌木和草本多样性[J].生态学报, 2014, 34(15):4313-4323.CUI Ningjie, CHEN Xiaohong, LIU Yang, et al. Shrub and herb diversity at different ages of Pinus massoniana plantation[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2014, 34(15):4313-4323.
[13]杨同辉,王良衍.浙江天童舟山新木姜子群落结构及其更新类型[J].浙江林学院学报, 2010, 27(6):877-883.YANG Tonghui, WANG Liangyan. Community structure and regeneration types of Neolitsea sericea in Tiantong,Zhejiang Province[J]. J Zhejiang For Coll, 2010, 27(6):877-883.
[14] BOSSUYT B, HONNAY O, HERMY M. Evidence for community assembly constraints during succession in dune slack plant communities[J]. Plant Ecol, 2005, 178(2):201-209.
[15]王磊,孙启武,郝朝运,等.皖南山区南方红豆杉种群不同龄级立木的点格局分析[J].应用生态学报, 2010,21(2):272-278.WANG Lei, SUN Qiwu, HAO Chaoyun, et al. Point pattern analysis of different age-class Taxus chinensis var.mairein dividuals in mountains area of southern Anhui Province[J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2010, 21(2):272-278.
[16]申仕康,马海英,王跃华,等.濒危植物猪血木(Euryodendron excelsum H.T. Chang)自然种群结构及动态[J].生态学报, 2008, 28(5):2404-2412.SHEN Shikang, MA Haiying, WANG Yuehua, et al. The structure and dynamics of natural population of the endangered plant Euryodendron excelsum H. T. Chang[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2008, 28(5):2404-2412.
[17]张文辉,祖元刚,刘国彬. 10种濒危植物的种群生态学特征及致危因素分析[J].生态学报, 2002, 22(9):1512-1520.ZHANG Wenhui, ZU Yuangang, LIU Guobin. Population ecological characteristics and analysis on endangered cause of ten endangered plant species[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2002, 22(9):1512-1520.
[18]乐笑玮,崔敏燕,杨淑贞,等.濒危植物天目铁木种子休眠及萌发特征研究[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2013(6):150-158.LE Xiaowei, CUI Minyan, YANG Shuzhen, et al. Characters on the seed dormancy and germination of an endangered species Ostrya rehderiana in Tianmu Mountain, China[J]. J East China Norm Univ Nat Sci, 2013(6):150-158.
[19]曹基武,刘春林,张斌,等.珍稀植物银杉的种子萌发特性[J].生态学报, 2010, 30(15):4027-4034.CAO Jiwu, LIU Chunlin, ZHANG Bin, et al. Seed germination of endangered Cathaya argyrophylla Chun&Kuang[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2010, 30(15):4027-4034.