中国超深层构造型大气田高效开发策略
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摘要
通过对中国超深层构造型大气田开发的跟踪分析,从影响开发技术政策制定的地质与生产动态特征出发,提出实现气田高效开发的策略。依据储集层基质物性、裂缝发育程度以及基质与裂缝匹配关系的差异,将气藏储集层划分为单孔单渗、双孔双渗和双孔单渗3种类型,明确了不同类型储集层在不同尺度渗透率、动态与静态储量比值以及水侵风险程度等开发生产特征方面的差异。指出气田开发规模确定和水侵风险快速识别是影响超深层构造型气藏开发效果的主要因素;明确气藏特征并有针对性地制定技术政策是实现高效开发的关键。具体策略包括:进一步强化气藏前期评价技术和内容,通过部署高精度开发地震、分批次部署开发评价井和规模试采,准确认识构造、储集层类型、气水分布等气藏特征,落实可动用储量;合理控制建产节奏,保证前期评价时间,确保评价效果;制定合理开发技术政策,以落实的可动用储量作为开发方案编制的基础,重点考虑水侵风险与基质供气能力两个因素,优化开发井位部署和单井配产;持续加强关键技术研究与攻关。
Through analyzing the development of large ultra-deep structural gas fields in China, strategies for the efficient development of such gas fields are proposed based on their geological characteristics and production performance. According to matrix properties, fracture development degree and configuration between matrix and fractures, the reservoirs are classified into three types: single porosity single permeability system, dual porosity dual permeability system, and dual porosity single permeability system. These three types of gas reservoirs show remarkable differences in different scales of permeability, the ratio of dynamic reserves to volumetric reserves and water invasion risk. It is pointed out that the key factors affecting development efficiency of these gas fields are determination of production scale and rapid identification of water invasion. Figuring out the characteristics of the gas fields and working out pertinent technical policies are the keys to achieve efficient development. The specific strategies include reinforcing early production appraisal before full scale production by deploying high precision development seismic survey, deploying development appraisal wells in batches and scale production test to get a clear understanding on the structure, reservoir type, distribution pattern of gas and water, and recoverable reserves, controlling production construction pace to ensure enough evaluation time and accurate evaluation results in the early stage, in line with the development program made according to the recoverable reserves, working out proper development strategies, optimizing pattern and proration of wells based on water invasion risk and gas supply capacity of matrix, and reinforcing research and development of key technologies.
Through analyzing the development of large ultra-deep structural gas fields in China, strategies for the efficient development of such gas fields are proposed based on their geological characteristics and production performance. According to matrix properties, fracture development degree and configuration between matrix and fractures, the reservoirs are classified into three types: single porosity single permeability system, dual porosity dual permeability system, and dual porosity single permeability system. These three types of gas reservoirs show remarkable differences in different scales of permeability, the ratio of dynamic reserves to volumetric reserves and water invasion risk. It is pointed out that the key factors affecting development efficiency of these gas fields are determination of production scale and rapid identification of water invasion. Figuring out the characteristics of the gas fields and working out pertinent technical policies are the keys to achieve efficient development. The specific strategies include reinforcing early production appraisal before full scale production by deploying high precision development seismic survey, deploying development appraisal wells in batches and scale production test to get a clear understanding on the structure, reservoir type, distribution pattern of gas and water, and recoverable reserves, controlling production construction pace to ensure enough evaluation time and accurate evaluation results in the early stage, in line with the development program made according to the recoverable reserves, working out proper development strategies, optimizing pattern and proration of wells based on water invasion risk and gas supply capacity of matrix, and reinforcing research and development of key technologies.
引文
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[17]李程辉,李熙喆,高树生,等.碳酸盐岩储集层气水两相渗流实验与气井流入动态曲线:以高石梯—磨溪区块龙王庙组和灯影组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(6):930-938.LI Chenghui,LI Xizhe,GAO Shusheng,et al.Experiment on gas-water two-phase seepage and inflow performance curves of gas wells in carbonate reservoirs:A case study of Longwangmiao Formation and Dengying Formation in Gaoshiti-Moxi block,Sichuan Basin,China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(6):930-938.
[18]胡勇,李熙喆,万玉金,等.致密砂岩气渗流特征物理模拟[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(5):580-584.HU Yong,LI Xizhe,WAN Yujin,et al.Physical simulation on gas percolation in tight sandstone[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(5):580-584.
[19]胡勇,李熙喆,卢祥国,等.砂岩气藏衰竭开采过程中含水饱和度变化规律[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(6):723-726.HU Yong,LI Xizhe,LU Xiangguo,et al.Varying law of water saturation in the depletion-drive development of sandstone gas reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(6):723-726.
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[2]庄惠农.气藏动态描述和试井[M].2版.北京:石油工业出版社,2009.ZHUANG Huinong.Gas reservoir dynamic characterization and well test interpretation[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009.
[3]孙志道.裂缝性有水气藏开采特征和开发方式优选[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(4):69-71.SUN Zhidao.Production characteristics and the optimization of development schemes of fractured gas reservoir with edge or bottom water[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2002,29(4):69-71.
[4]张福祥,王新海,李元斌,等.库车山前裂缝性砂岩气层裂缝对地层渗透率的贡献率[J].石油天然气学报,2011,33(6):149-152.ZHANG Fuxiang,WANG Xinhai,LI Yuanbin,et al.The contribution of fractures of Kuqa foreland fractured sandstone gas reservoirs to permeability[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2011,33(6):149-152.
[5]李士伦,潘毅,孙雷.对提高复杂气田开发效益和水平的思考与建议[J].天然气工业,2011,31(12):76-80.LI Shilun,PAN Yi,SUN Lei.Thoughts and suggestions for the improvement of the efficiency and development level of complex gas fields[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(12):76-80.
[6]周守为.海上油田高效开发技术探索与实践[J].中国工程科学,2009,11(10):55-60.ZHOU Shouwei.Exploration and practice of offshore oilfield effective development technology[J].Engineering Science,2009,11(10):55-60.
[7]王乃建,梁向豪,周翼,等.宽方位三维给塔里木油气勘探带来的启迪[J].石油科技论坛,2012,31(2):21-26.WANG Naijian,LIANG Xianghao,ZHOU Yi,et al.Inspiration of wide-azimuth 3D to oil and gas exploration in Tarim[J].Oil Forum,2012,31(2):21-26.
[8]HALBOUTY M T.Geology of giant petroleum fields:AAPG memoir14[M].Tulsa:AAPG,1970.
[9]HALBOUTY M T.Giant oil and gas fields of decade 1968-1978:AAPG memoir30[M].Tulsa:AAPG,1980.
[10]HALBOUTY M T.Giant oil and gas fields of decade1978-1988:AAPG memoir54[M].Tulsa:AAPG,1992.
[11]HALBOUTY M T.Giant oil and gas fields of decade 1990-1999:AAPG memoir78[M].Tulsa:AAPG,2003.
[12]李熙喆,万玉金,陆家亮,等.复杂气藏开发技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2010:28-30.LI Xizhe,WAN Yujin,LU Jialiang,et al.Development technology of complex gas reservoir[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2010:28-30.
[13]孙玉平,陆家亮,万玉金,等.法国拉克、麦隆气田对安岳气田龙王庙组气藏开发的启示[J].天然气工业,2016,36(1):37-45.SUN Yuping,LU Jialiang,WAN Yujin,et al.Enlightenments of Lacq and Meillon gas fields in France to the development of Longwangmiao Fm gas reservoirs in the Anyue gas field,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(1):37-45.
[14]国外六类气藏开发模式及工艺技术编写组.国外六类气藏开发模式及工艺技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995:14-15.Editing Group of Development Model and Process Technology of Six Types of Gas Reservoirs Abroad.Development model and process technology of six types of gas reservoirs abroad[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1995:14-15.
[15]李熙喆,郭振华,万玉金,等.安岳气田龙王庙组气藏地质特征与开发技术政策[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(3):398-406.LI Xizhe,GUO Zhenhua,WAN Yujin,et al.Geological characteristics and development strategies for Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation gas reservoir in Anyue gas field,Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(3):398-406.
[16]胡勇,李熙喆,朱华银,等.裂缝性底水气藏水侵动态物理模拟实验方法及其装置:CN102830214A[P].2012-12-19.HU Yong,LI Xizhe,ZHU Huayin,et al.The physical simulation experiment method and device of water invasion in fractured bottom water gas reservoir:CN102830214A[P].2012-12-19.
[17]李程辉,李熙喆,高树生,等.碳酸盐岩储集层气水两相渗流实验与气井流入动态曲线:以高石梯—磨溪区块龙王庙组和灯影组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(6):930-938.LI Chenghui,LI Xizhe,GAO Shusheng,et al.Experiment on gas-water two-phase seepage and inflow performance curves of gas wells in carbonate reservoirs:A case study of Longwangmiao Formation and Dengying Formation in Gaoshiti-Moxi block,Sichuan Basin,China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(6):930-938.
[18]胡勇,李熙喆,万玉金,等.致密砂岩气渗流特征物理模拟[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(5):580-584.HU Yong,LI Xizhe,WAN Yujin,et al.Physical simulation on gas percolation in tight sandstone[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(5):580-584.
[19]胡勇,李熙喆,卢祥国,等.砂岩气藏衰竭开采过程中含水饱和度变化规律[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(6):723-726.HU Yong,LI Xizhe,LU Xiangguo,et al.Varying law of water saturation in the depletion-drive development of sandstone gas reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(6):723-726.
[20]LIN Wei,LI Xizhe,YANG Zhengming,et al.Construction of dual pore 3-D digital cores with a hybrid method combined with physical experiment method and numerical reconstruction method[J].Transport in Porous Media,2017,120(1):227-238.