盾构隧道收敛变形倾角感知布设优化研究
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摘要
为了实现采用倾角感知盾构隧道的水平收敛,通过传感器的优化布设,构建运营期盾构隧道收敛变形实时监测系统.考虑隧道拱顶埋深、接头抗弯刚度比、地层抗力系数、地层侧压力系数及地面超载等参数的作用,针对管片变形和管片接头的影响,采用解析方法提出基于倾角传感隧道收敛的计算方法,并利用误差反演算法得到该算法下最优安装位置.建立单环盾构隧道结构三维精细化数值模型,采用正交实验法得到25组工况的最优布设点,与解析方法结果进行对比验证.基于现场168天连续的监测实测数据,采用二乘法比较不同方法计算的水平收敛变化值与激光监测结果的差值平方和,进行现场验证.结果表明:对于软土地区盾构隧道典型断面,最优布设点在120°附近(以拱顶为0°),当地层信息缺失时,可选用120°位置布设倾角传感器,典型地层条件下,解析解得到的误差不超过4%,数值解分析误差不超过10%,现场监测计算误差小于10%.在现场安装条件受限情况下,给出不同地层工况条件的安装位置偏移方案及其误差修正方法.最后,分析倾角和激光监测对应的71组现场数据,相比于其他3种方法,提出的隧道水平收敛计算方法得到的结果最接近激光测量值,其差值平方和最小,稳定性最优,可作为现场监测有效手段.
To realize real-time convergence monitoring of operating shield tunnels,the layout scheme of wireless tilt sensors was optimized in this study.Under the interaction of tunnel depth,joint bending stiffness ratio,ground resistance ratio,lateral pressure coefficient,and ground overloading,considering the effect of segment and joint deformation,a new method for calculating the convergence of shield tunnel based on tilt sensors was proposed. Error back analysis was used to obtain the optimal installation position.A three-dimensional refined numerical model of single-ring shield tunnel was built to verify the analytical solution.Twenty-five groups of optimal layouts were obtained using orthogonal test.Moreover,several current convergence algorithms were presented and discussed. Field data for 168 days were analyzed using the square law,and the different sums of squares of the shield tunnel convergence sensed by different methods and the result monitored by laser range sensors were compared.The results show that the optimal layout position was around 120°(taking the position of crown as 0°)for the typical sections of Shanghai subway.If the information of local soil was not enough,the tile sensor was recommended to be fixed at 120°.In a typical condition,the error from the analytical method was less than 4%,and the error from the numerical method was less than 10%.In the field case,the error was less than 10%.If the field position was infeasible for installing the sensors,the offset scheme and its error correction method were given under different soil conditions.Seventy-one groups of field data from tilt sensors and laser range sensors were analyzed.The proposed method showed better agreement than three other methods.Its sum of squared difference was minimum,and its stability was suitable for field monitoring.
To realize real-time convergence monitoring of operating shield tunnels,the layout scheme of wireless tilt sensors was optimized in this study.Under the interaction of tunnel depth,joint bending stiffness ratio,ground resistance ratio,lateral pressure coefficient,and ground overloading,considering the effect of segment and joint deformation,a new method for calculating the convergence of shield tunnel based on tilt sensors was proposed. Error back analysis was used to obtain the optimal installation position.A three-dimensional refined numerical model of single-ring shield tunnel was built to verify the analytical solution.Twenty-five groups of optimal layouts were obtained using orthogonal test.Moreover,several current convergence algorithms were presented and discussed. Field data for 168 days were analyzed using the square law,and the different sums of squares of the shield tunnel convergence sensed by different methods and the result monitored by laser range sensors were compared.The results show that the optimal layout position was around 120°(taking the position of crown as 0°)for the typical sections of Shanghai subway.If the information of local soil was not enough,the tile sensor was recommended to be fixed at 120°.In a typical condition,the error from the analytical method was less than 4%,and the error from the numerical method was less than 10%.In the field case,the error was less than 10%.If the field position was infeasible for installing the sensors,the offset scheme and its error correction method were given under different soil conditions.Seventy-one groups of field data from tilt sensors and laser range sensors were analyzed.The proposed method showed better agreement than three other methods.Its sum of squared difference was minimum,and its stability was suitable for field monitoring.
引文
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[11]王明卓.盾构隧道变形控制指标及风险可视化预警方法研究[D].上海:同济大学土木工程学院,2015.Wang Mingzhuo.Control Index of Shield Tunnel Deformation and Pre-Warning Method of Risk Visualization[D].Shanghai:College of Civil Engineering,Tongji University,2015(in Chinese).
[12]Lee K M,Hou X Y,Ge X W,et al.An analytical solution for a jointed shield-driven tunnel lining[J].International Journal for Numerical&Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2001,25(4):365-390.
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[14]Moster T C.Rotation Stiffness of Single-Bolt Sleeve Connections[D].Milwaukee,Wisconsin:Milwaukee School of Engineering,USA,2010.
[15]Pallett P,Gorst N,Clark L,et al.Friction resistance in temporary works materials[J].Concrete,2002,36(6):12-15.
[2]叶耀东,朱合华,王如路.软土地铁运营隧道病害现状及成因分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(1):157-160.Ye Yaodong,Zhu Hehua,Wang Rulu.Analysis on the current status of metro operating tunnel damage in soft ground and its causes[J].Chinese JournaI of Underground Space and Engineering,2007,3(1):157-160(in Chinese).
[3]李欣,方长运.巴塞特收敛测量系统[J].大地纵横,2004(S1):34-37.Li Xin,Fang Changyun.Bassett convergence system[J].Overview of the Earth,2004(S1):34-37(in Chinese).
[4]Lindenbergh R,Pfeifer N,Rabbani T.Accuracy analysis of the Leica HDS3000 and feasibility of tunnel deformation monitoring[C]//Proceedings of the ISPRSWorkshop Laser Scanning.Netherlands,2005:24-29.
[5]谢雄耀,卢晓智,田海洋,等.基于地面三维激光扫描技术的隧道全断面变形测量方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(11):2214-2224.Xie Xiongyao,Lu Xiaozhi,Tian Haiyang,et al.Development of a modeling method for monitoring tunnel deformation based on terrestrial 3D laser scanning[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(11):2214-2224(in Chinese).
[6]Akyildiz I F,Su W,Sankarasubramaniam Y,et al.Wireless sensor networks:A survey[J].Computer Networks,2002,38(4):393-422.
[7]何斌,纪云,沈润杰.地下隧道变形检测的无线倾角传感器[J].光学精密工程,2013,21(6):1464-1471.He Bin,Ji Yun,Shen Runjie.Wireless inclinometer for monitoring deformation of underground tunnel[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2013,21(6):1464-1471(in Chinese).
[8]嵇中.无线传感网络技术在隧道变形和防灾监测中的试验研究[D].上海:同济大学土木工程学院,2012.Ji Zhong.Experiments on Monitoring and Disaster Preventing in Tunnel of Wireless Sensor Networks Technology[D].Shanghai:College of Civil Engineering,Tongji University,2012(in Chinese).
[9]Huang Hongwei,Xu Ran,Zhang Wei.Comparative performance test of an inclinometer wireless smart sensor prototype for subway tunnel[J].International Journal of Architecture,Engineering and Construction,2013,2:25-34.
[10]Zhang Wei,Huang Hongwei.Feasibility study for evaluating convergence deformation of shield tunnel by inclination of segments[C]//Proceedings of the 8 th International Conference on Computer Engineering&Systems.Crete,Greece:2012,ICCES1220120130105:78-90.
[11]王明卓.盾构隧道变形控制指标及风险可视化预警方法研究[D].上海:同济大学土木工程学院,2015.Wang Mingzhuo.Control Index of Shield Tunnel Deformation and Pre-Warning Method of Risk Visualization[D].Shanghai:College of Civil Engineering,Tongji University,2015(in Chinese).
[12]Lee K M,Hou X Y,Ge X W,et al.An analytical solution for a jointed shield-driven tunnel lining[J].International Journal for Numerical&Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2001,25(4):365-390.
[13]张厚美,张正林,王建华.盾构隧道装配式管片接头三维有限元分析[J].上海交通大学学报,2003,37(4):566-569.Zhang Houmei,Zhang Zhenglin,Wang Jianhua.3DFEM analysis on prefabricated segment joints of shield tunnel[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2003,37(4):566-569(in Chinese).
[14]Moster T C.Rotation Stiffness of Single-Bolt Sleeve Connections[D].Milwaukee,Wisconsin:Milwaukee School of Engineering,USA,2010.
[15]Pallett P,Gorst N,Clark L,et al.Friction resistance in temporary works materials[J].Concrete,2002,36(6):12-15.