转基因动物及其产品的安全评估方法研究进展
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摘要
目前,转基因动物技术发展迅速并广泛应用于食品、医药、农业和生物材料等众多领域,带来了巨大的经济效益和社会效益,且发展潜力巨大。同时,转基因动物及其产品的安全性问题也日益突出,表现在转基因动物本身及产品安全性和环境安全性两个主要方面。"实质等同性原则"是国际上转基因动物安全性评价的基本原则。从转基因动物及其产品作为食品、药品等的安全性评估;从转基因动物对生态环境安全和影响的评估和非预期效应的评估等三个方面进行了阐述,并对我国转基因动物评价体系的构建提出建议。
Recent years,transgenic animal technologies have been developed rapidly and been used widely in many fields,such as food,medicine,agriculture and biomaterial.The security issues of transgenic animals and their products on public and environmental safety are increasingly emerged with the enormous economic and social benefits produced."Substantial equivalence principle" is one of the basic principles in security evaluation of transgenic animals world widely.It elaborates from three aspects,the security assessment of transgenic animals and their products which are as foods and medicines,the assessment of eco-environmental safety and effect of transgenic animals,and the assessment of undesired effects,which are conducive to the establishment of transgenic animals evaluation system in China.
Recent years,transgenic animal technologies have been developed rapidly and been used widely in many fields,such as food,medicine,agriculture and biomaterial.The security issues of transgenic animals and their products on public and environmental safety are increasingly emerged with the enormous economic and social benefits produced."Substantial equivalence principle" is one of the basic principles in security evaluation of transgenic animals world widely.It elaborates from three aspects,the security assessment of transgenic animals and their products which are as foods and medicines,the assessment of eco-environmental safety and effect of transgenic animals,and the assessment of undesired effects,which are conducive to the establishment of transgenic animals evaluation system in China.
引文
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[25]赵杰,许建香,王建武,等.转人溶菌酶猪环境安全评价.动物遗传育种研究最新进展—第十六次全国动物遗传育种学术讨论会论文集.扬州:中国畜牧兽医学会,2011.211.Zhao J,Xu J X,Wang J W,et al.The environmental risk assessment of hLYZ transgenic pigs.Recent Advances in Animal Genetic and Breeding Research—the16 th National Annual Conference for Animal Genetic and Breeding.Yangzhou:Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2011.211.
[26]辛磊磊.转植酸酶基因和抗粘液病毒基因猪环境安全评价.北京:中国农业科学院,2011.Xin L L.Environment safety assessment of appA and MX1 cotransgenic pigs.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2011.
[27]Tang M X,Zheng X M,Cheng W K,et al.Safety assessment of sFat-1transgenic pigs by detecting their co-habitant microbe in intestinal tract.Transgenic Res doi:10.1007/s11248-010-9457-7.
[28]赵二虎,王勇,赵永聚,等.转基因小鼠模型环境释放安全性评价初步研究.第六次全国动物生物技术学术研讨会.呼和浩特:中国农业生物技术学会,2011.271.Zhao E H,Wang Y,Zhao Y J,et al.Preliminary study on the environmental risk assessment of transgenic mice.the6 th National Annual Conference for Animal Biotechnology.Hohhot:Institute of Animal Biotechnology,2011.271.
[29]王趁芳.利用转基因小鼠模型进行转基因动物安全评价研究.北京:中国农业科学院,2008.Wang C F.The research of safety assessment on transgenic animal by transgenic mice model.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2008.
[2]Kelly L.The safety assessment of foods from transgenic and clonedanimals using the comparative approach,Rev Sci Tech OffintEpiz,2005,24(1):61-74.
[3]Codex Alimentarius Commission.Principles for the risk analysis offoods derived from modern biotechnology.2003.44.
[4]Codex Alimentarius Commission.Guideline for the conduct of foodsafety assessment of foods derived from recombinant-DNAanimals.2008.68.
[5]Cellini F,Chesson A,Colquhoun I,et al.Unintended effects andtheir detection in genetically modified crops.Food and ChemicalToxicology,2004,42(7):1089-1125.
[6]徐俊锋,陈笑芸,孙彩霞.转基因动物及其食品安全性评估方法.食品科学,2010,31(05):302-306.Xu J F,Cheng X Y,Sun C X.Transgenic animals andcorresponding food safety assessment methods.Food Science,2010,31(5):302-306.
[7]Lema M A,Burachik M.Safety assessment of food products fromrDNA animals.Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Di,2009,32(2):163-189.
[8]Kleter G A,Kok E J.Safety assessment of biotechnology used inanimal production,including genetically modified(GM)feedand GM animals.Animal Science Papers and Reports,2010,28(2):105-114.
[9]Delvlin R H,Yesaki T Y,Donaldson E,et a1.Transmission andphenotypie effects of an antifreeze/GH gene construct in cohosalmon(Oncorhynchus kisutch).Aquaculture,1995,137(1-4):161-169.
[10]Kochhar H P,Evans B R.Current status of regulatingbiotechnology-derived animals in Canada-animal health and foodsafety considerations.Theriogenology,2007 67(1):188-197.
[11]姚玉昌,韩红兵,刘玉峰,等.转TLR4基因绵羊血液生化指标的检测分析.第六次全国动物生物技术学术研讨会.呼和浩特:中国农业生物技术学会,2011.261.Yao Y C,Han H B,Liu Y F,et al.TLR4 transgenic sheepblood biochemical parameters detection analysis.the6 th National Annual Conference for Animal Biotechnology.Hohhot:Institute of Animal Biotechnology,2011.261.
[12]乔娜,陈建泉,徐旭俊等.转基因对山羊的生长发育、生理生化和繁殖性能的影响.第六次全国动物生物技术学术研讨会.呼和浩特:中国农业生物技术学会,2011.266.Qiao N,Chen J Q,Xu X J,et al.Effect of transgene on growth,physiology-biochemistry and reproductive performance in goats.the6 th National Annual Conference for Animal Biotechnology.Hohhot:Institute of Animal Biotechnology,2011.266.
[13]玄立杰,谢英添.转基因食品安全问题及其评价体系.安徽农业科学,2010,38(25):14175-14177.Xuan L J,Xie Y T.The safety and safety assessment of genetically modified foods.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2010,38(25):14175-14177.
[14]王二先,徐旭俊,苗晋锋等.转人乳铁蛋白基因山羊乳对大鼠生长及代谢机能的影响.南京农业大学学报,2011,34(2):119-123.Wang E X,Xu X J,Miao J F,et al.Effect of transgenic human lactoferrin goats’milk on growth and metabolic performance in rats.Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2011,34(2):119-123.
[15]Nordlee J A,Taylor S L,Townsend J A,et al.Identification of a Brazil-Nut allergen in transgenic oybeans.NEJM,1996,334(11):688-692.
[16]FAO/WHO.Evaluation of allergenicity of genetically modified foods.Report of a joint FAO/WHO expert consultation on allergenicity of foods derived from biotechnology.Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,2001:1-29.
[17]Steven G.Sequence databases for assessing the potential allergenicity of proteins used in transgenic foods.Adv Food Nutr Res,1998,42:63-92.
[18]向钱,李宁.食品致敏性研究进展.国外医学卫生学分册,2006,33(06):376-380.Xiang Q,Li N.New progress on the allergenicity of foods.Foreign Medical Sciences-hygine,2006,33(6):376-380.
[19]Taylor S L,Lehrer S B.Principles and characteristics of food allergens.Critical Reviews In Food Science And Nutrition,1996,36(1):91-118.
[20]Astwood J D,Leach J N,Roy L F.Stability of food allergens to digestion in vitro.Nature Biotechnol,1996,14:1269-1273.
[21]Shagger H,Von Jagow H.Tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for separation of proteins in the range from1to100kDa.Anal Biochem,1987,(166):368-379.
[22]Prescott V E,Hogan S P.Genetically modified plants and food hypersensitivity diseases:usage and implications of experimental models for risk assessment.Pharmacol Ther,2006,111(02):374-383.
[23]佟广香,匡友谊,梁利群等.转基因鲤的生态安全检测.吉首大学学报(自然科学版),2010,31(01):96-103.Tong G X,Kuang Y Y,Liang L Q,et al.Evaluation of the ecological safety of transgenic CARP by AFLP.Journal of Jishou University(Natural Sciences Edition),2010,31(01):96-103.
[24]Xu J X,Zhao J,Zhao Y F,et al.Molecular-based environmental risk assessment of three varieties of genetically engineered cows.Transgenic Res doi:10.1007/s11248-010-9477-3.
[25]赵杰,许建香,王建武,等.转人溶菌酶猪环境安全评价.动物遗传育种研究最新进展—第十六次全国动物遗传育种学术讨论会论文集.扬州:中国畜牧兽医学会,2011.211.Zhao J,Xu J X,Wang J W,et al.The environmental risk assessment of hLYZ transgenic pigs.Recent Advances in Animal Genetic and Breeding Research—the16 th National Annual Conference for Animal Genetic and Breeding.Yangzhou:Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2011.211.
[26]辛磊磊.转植酸酶基因和抗粘液病毒基因猪环境安全评价.北京:中国农业科学院,2011.Xin L L.Environment safety assessment of appA and MX1 cotransgenic pigs.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2011.
[27]Tang M X,Zheng X M,Cheng W K,et al.Safety assessment of sFat-1transgenic pigs by detecting their co-habitant microbe in intestinal tract.Transgenic Res doi:10.1007/s11248-010-9457-7.
[28]赵二虎,王勇,赵永聚,等.转基因小鼠模型环境释放安全性评价初步研究.第六次全国动物生物技术学术研讨会.呼和浩特:中国农业生物技术学会,2011.271.Zhao E H,Wang Y,Zhao Y J,et al.Preliminary study on the environmental risk assessment of transgenic mice.the6 th National Annual Conference for Animal Biotechnology.Hohhot:Institute of Animal Biotechnology,2011.271.
[29]王趁芳.利用转基因小鼠模型进行转基因动物安全评价研究.北京:中国农业科学院,2008.Wang C F.The research of safety assessment on transgenic animal by transgenic mice model.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2008.