污水氮浓度和NH_4~+/NO_3~-比对粉绿狐尾藻去氮能力和植物体氮组分的影响
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摘要
采用溶液培养法,设置3个氮浓度20、100、200 mg·L-1和3个NH_4~+/NO_3~-比1∶0、0.5∶0.5、0∶1,研究污水氮浓度和NH_4~+/NO_3~-比对粉绿狐尾藻去氮能力和植物体氮组分的影响.结果表明,粉绿狐尾藻的生物量在第1周增长最快,其中氮浓度20 mg·L-1、100 mg·L-1时,生物量以NH_4~+/NO_3~-=1∶0处理最大;氮浓度200 mg·L-1时,以NH_4~+/NO_3~-=0.5∶0.5处理最大.粉绿狐尾藻在第1周对总氮、铵态氮和硝态氮去除速率最高,且随氮浓度升高而增加;氮浓度20 mg·L-1时,铵态氮和硝态氮的去除率无显著差异,氮浓度100 mg·L-1、200 mg·L-1时硝态氮的去除率高于铵态氮.粉绿狐尾藻氮积累量及对水体和底泥氮去除的贡献率均随氮浓度升高而增加,其氮含量和积累量均以第1周增长最快,氮浓度20 mg·L-1时氮积累贡献率以NH_4~+/NO_3~-=0∶1最大,氮浓度100 mg·L-1、200 mg·L-1时以NH_4~+/NO_3~-=0.5∶0.5最大.粉绿狐尾藻体内蛋白质、氨基态氮和硝态氮的含量均随氮浓度的升高而增加,且蛋白质>氨基态氮>硝态氮;NH_4~+/NO_3~-为1∶0和0.5∶0.5时蛋白质含量较高,NH_4~+/NO_3~-=1∶0时氨基态氮含量最高,NH_4~+/NO_3~-=0∶1时硝态氮含量最高.由此说明,在试验范围内,粉绿狐尾藻的去氮能力随污水氮浓度升高而提高,可以用于高氮浓度污水修复;粉绿狐尾藻喜铵态氮,但在100 mg·L-1以上的高氮浓度下以硝铵等比时生长和去除氮能力最强;粉绿狐尾藻体内氮组分受硝铵比调节,蛋白氮比例最高,铵态氮和硝态氮则分别随污水NH+4和NO-3比升高而提高.
Solution culture experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of wastewater nitrogen levels and NH_4~+/NO_3~- on nitrogen removal ability and the nitrogen component of Myriophyllum aquaticum. Experiments with three nitrogen levels and NH_4~+/NO_3~- were set up as follows: 20,100,and 200 mg·L-1 and NH_4~+/NO_3~-1 ∶ 0,0. 5 ∶ 0. 5,and 0 ∶ 1. The results showed that the biomass of plants increased fastest during the first week. The plants treated with NH_4~+/NO_3~-= 1∶ 0 with nitrogen levels of 20 and 100 mg·L-1 and those treated with NH_4~+/NO_3~-= 0. 5∶ 0. 5 with a nitrogen concentration of 200 mg·L-1 exhibited higher biomass than the others. The removal rates of water total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,and nitrate nitrogen during the first week were the maximum for all treatments and increased with water nitrogen levels. There were no significant differences in the removal rate between ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen with a nitrogen level of 20 mg/L,while with nitrogen levels of 100 and 200 mg·L-1,the nitrate removal rates were higher than those for ammonium nitrogen. The Myriophyllum aquaticum nitrogen accumulation and its contribution rate to nitrogen removal from water and sediment were all increased with water nitrogen levels and increased fastest during the first week. The contribution rate of nitrogen accumulated by plants with NH_4~+/NO_3~-= 0 ∶ 1 was the highest with nitrogen levels of 20 mg·L-1,while plants with NH_4~+/NO_3~-= 0. 5 ∶ 0. 5 were the highest with nitrogen levels of 100 and 200 mg·L-1. The protein,amino,and nitrate nitrogen contents in Myriophyllum aquaticum plants were all increased by increasing water nitrogen levels with a ranking of protein content > amino nitrogen content > nitrate nitrogen content. The protein concentrations in plants with NH_4~+/NO_3~-= 1∶ 0 and NH_4~+/NO_3~-= 0. 5∶ 0. 5 were higher regardless of water nitrogen levels,while the amino nitrogen concentration in plants with NH_4~+/NO_3~-= 1∶ 0 and the nitrate nitrogen content in plants with NH_4~+/NO_3~-= 0 ∶ 1 were higher than the others. It was concluded that the nitrogen removal ability of Myriophyllum aquaticum was improved by raising water nitrogen levels under the tested condition,which indicates that Myriophyllum aquaticum could purify high nitrogen wastewater. Myriophyllum aquaticum is an ammonium-nitrophile,but had the strongest capacity for growing and removing wastewater nitrogen exhibited with higher than 100 mg·L-1 nitrogen levels only with equal NH+4 to NO-3. The nitrogen component concentrations of protein,amino,and nitrate in Myriophyllum aquaticum plant were all affected by the ratio of NH_4~+/NO_3~-.
Solution culture experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of wastewater nitrogen levels and NH_4~+/NO_3~- on nitrogen removal ability and the nitrogen component of Myriophyllum aquaticum. Experiments with three nitrogen levels and NH_4~+/NO_3~- were set up as follows: 20,100,and 200 mg·L-1 and NH_4~+/NO_3~-1 ∶ 0,0. 5 ∶ 0. 5,and 0 ∶ 1. The results showed that the biomass of plants increased fastest during the first week. The plants treated with NH_4~+/NO_3~-= 1∶ 0 with nitrogen levels of 20 and 100 mg·L-1 and those treated with NH_4~+/NO_3~-= 0. 5∶ 0. 5 with a nitrogen concentration of 200 mg·L-1 exhibited higher biomass than the others. The removal rates of water total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,and nitrate nitrogen during the first week were the maximum for all treatments and increased with water nitrogen levels. There were no significant differences in the removal rate between ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen with a nitrogen level of 20 mg/L,while with nitrogen levels of 100 and 200 mg·L-1,the nitrate removal rates were higher than those for ammonium nitrogen. The Myriophyllum aquaticum nitrogen accumulation and its contribution rate to nitrogen removal from water and sediment were all increased with water nitrogen levels and increased fastest during the first week. The contribution rate of nitrogen accumulated by plants with NH_4~+/NO_3~-= 0 ∶ 1 was the highest with nitrogen levels of 20 mg·L-1,while plants with NH_4~+/NO_3~-= 0. 5 ∶ 0. 5 were the highest with nitrogen levels of 100 and 200 mg·L-1. The protein,amino,and nitrate nitrogen contents in Myriophyllum aquaticum plants were all increased by increasing water nitrogen levels with a ranking of protein content > amino nitrogen content > nitrate nitrogen content. The protein concentrations in plants with NH_4~+/NO_3~-= 1∶ 0 and NH_4~+/NO_3~-= 0. 5∶ 0. 5 were higher regardless of water nitrogen levels,while the amino nitrogen concentration in plants with NH_4~+/NO_3~-= 1∶ 0 and the nitrate nitrogen content in plants with NH_4~+/NO_3~-= 0 ∶ 1 were higher than the others. It was concluded that the nitrogen removal ability of Myriophyllum aquaticum was improved by raising water nitrogen levels under the tested condition,which indicates that Myriophyllum aquaticum could purify high nitrogen wastewater. Myriophyllum aquaticum is an ammonium-nitrophile,but had the strongest capacity for growing and removing wastewater nitrogen exhibited with higher than 100 mg·L-1 nitrogen levels only with equal NH+4 to NO-3. The nitrogen component concentrations of protein,amino,and nitrate in Myriophyllum aquaticum plant were all affected by the ratio of NH_4~+/NO_3~-.
引文
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[3]Qin B Q,Gao G,Zhu G W,et al.Lake eutrophication and its ecosystem response[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2013,58(9):961-970.
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[5]钟爱文,曹特,张萌,等.光照和黑暗条件下苦草(Vallisneria natans)和穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)对铵态氮的吸收[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(2):289-294.Zhong A W,Cao T,Zhang M,et al.Uptake of ammonium by Vallisneria natans and Myriophyllum spicatum under light and dark regimes[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2013,25(2):289-294.
[6]张惠,汪鹏合,张文娟,等.利用不同物候期水生植物配置提高浮床人工湿地的除氮效果[J].湖泊科学,2017,29(3):575-584.Zhang H,Wang P H,Zhang W J,et al.Improving nitrogen removal by phenophase arrangement of aquatic macrophyte species in the floating-bed constructed wetland[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2017,29(3):575-584.
[7]陈鸿,黄世洋,黎庶凯,等.绿狐尾藻人工湿地治理水污染模式及其在广西的应用[J].亚热带植物科学,2016,45(4):386-390.Chen H,Huang S X,Li S K,et al.The mode of water pollution prevention and control based on Myriophyllum elatinoides artificial wetland and its application in Guangxi[J].Subtropical Plant Science,2016,45(4):386-390.
[8]方焰星,何池全,梁霞,等.水生植物对污染水体氮磷的净化效果研究[J].水生态学杂志,2010,3(6):36-40.Fang Y X,He C Q,Liang X,et al.The purifying effect of polluted water by the aquatic plants[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2010,3(6):36-40.
[9]Sytsma M D,Anderson L W J.Nutrient limitation in Myriophyllum aquaticum[J].Journal of Freshwater Ecology,1993,8(2):165-176.
[10]马永飞,杨小珍,赵小虎,等污水氮浓度对粉绿狐尾藻去氮能力的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(3):1093-1101.Ma Y F,Yang X Z,Zhao X H,et al.Effect of wastewater nitrogen concentrations on nitrogen removal ability of Myriophyllum aquaticum[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(3):1093-1101.
[11]秦松岩,吴波,闫颖怡,等.旱伞草与粉绿狐尾藻立体复合的抑藻效能[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2011,43(10):134-138.Qin S Y,Wu B,Yan Y Y,et al.Allelopathic effects of Cyperus alternifolius and Myriophyllum aquaticum on phytoplankton[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2011,43(10):134-138.
[12]吴程,常学秀,董红娟,等.粉绿狐尾藻(Myriophyllum aquaticum)对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的化感抑制效应及其生理机制[J].生态学报,2008,28(6):2595-2603.Wu C,Chang X X,Dong H J,et al.Allelopathic inhibitory effect of Myriophyllum aquaticum(Vell.)Verdc.on Microcystis aeruginosa and its physiological mechanism[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(6):2595-2603.
[13]朱俊英,刘碧云,王静,等.穗花狐尾藻化感作用对铜绿微囊藻光合效率的影响[J].环境科学,2011,32(10):2904-2908.Zhu J Y,Liu B Y,Wang J,et al.Allelopathic influence of Myriophyllum spicatum on the photosynthetic efficiency of Microcystis aeruginosa[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(10):2904-2908.
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