黄土地貌地形特征点格局研究
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摘要
地形特征点广泛分布于地球表面,是反映地貌空间形态的重要点位。通过对不同地形特征点空间分布格局的研究,能够较好地探讨地形特征点群间的空间结构关系及其关联模式,并进一步映射地貌演变过程与发育机理。该文以黄土高原为研究区域,提取山顶点、鞍部点与径流节点作为地形特征点,运用点格局分析方法研究地形特征点间的空间结构特征。结果表明:1)地形特征点的空间分布规律与其地貌类型有显著相关性,而与其等级无明显相关;2)不同特征点存在较为固定的空间关联尺度,这种尺度对地貌类型不存在依赖性;3)在地貌演变的多个时期,不同特征点间的空间格局指标变化趋势具有相似性,而空间分布类型由于受地貌影响存在差异性。运用点格局研究中的相关方法,探索了地形特征点单点及多点间的格局特征,对地形特征结构及其模式研究具有参考意义。
Terrain feature points,as key factors in the terrain controlling,are widely distributed on the surface of the earth with multiple types.Based on the study of spatial pattern analysis of terrain feature points,it is possible to explore the spatial structure relation and its association pattern between terrain feature points and landform evolution process and development mechanism.In this paper,the Loess Plateau was chosen as the study area.Meanwhile,the peak points,saddle points and runoff nodes of watersheds were extracted as the topographic feature points for study areas.On the basis,the point pattern analysis method was applied to study the spatial variability of feature points.The experimental result shows that the spatial distribution of terrain feature points is correlated with the geomorphology,but not significantly correlated with the grade.Also,the results suggest that there is a relatively fixed spatial association scale between different types of feature points,which does not rely on the landform type.In addition,during the different periods of landform evolution,the spatial pattern indexes between different feature points have a similar characteristic of change,while the spatial distribution types are different due to the influence of landforms.In conclusion,by using the point pattern analysis method,the research explores the single-point and multi-points pattern characteristics of terrain feature points,which has referential significance for the study of terrain features and patterns.
Terrain feature points,as key factors in the terrain controlling,are widely distributed on the surface of the earth with multiple types.Based on the study of spatial pattern analysis of terrain feature points,it is possible to explore the spatial structure relation and its association pattern between terrain feature points and landform evolution process and development mechanism.In this paper,the Loess Plateau was chosen as the study area.Meanwhile,the peak points,saddle points and runoff nodes of watersheds were extracted as the topographic feature points for study areas.On the basis,the point pattern analysis method was applied to study the spatial variability of feature points.The experimental result shows that the spatial distribution of terrain feature points is correlated with the geomorphology,but not significantly correlated with the grade.Also,the results suggest that there is a relatively fixed spatial association scale between different types of feature points,which does not rely on the landform type.In addition,during the different periods of landform evolution,the spatial pattern indexes between different feature points have a similar characteristic of change,while the spatial distribution types are different due to the influence of landforms.In conclusion,by using the point pattern analysis method,the research explores the single-point and multi-points pattern characteristics of terrain feature points,which has referential significance for the study of terrain features and patterns.
引文
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[12]闫庆武,卞正富.基于GIS-SDA的居民点空间分布研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2008,24(3):57-61.
[13]EBDON D.Statistics in Geography[M].Oxford:Basilt Blackwell,1985.
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[16]WARD J S,FERRANDINO F J.New derivation reduces bias and increases power of Ripley′s Lindex[J].Ecological Modelling,1999,116(2):225-236.
[17]WIEGAND T,MOLONEY K A.Rings,circles,and null-models for point pattern analysis in ecology[J].Oikos,2004,104(2):209-229.
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[19]TANG G,SONG X,LI F,et al.Slope spectrum critical area and its spatial variation in the Loess Plateau of China[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2015,25(12):1452-1466.
[2]仲腾,汤国安,周毅,等.基于反地形DEM的山顶点自动提取[J].测绘通报,2009(4):35-37.
[3]胡最,蒋圣,梁明.黄土地貌区径流节点提取及其特征信息指数的DEM实验分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2015,17(6):689-697.
[4]罗明良.基于DEM的地形特征点簇研究[D].成都:中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,2008.
[5]黄瑞红.丹霞盆地地貌趋势面分析[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),1996(S1):104-109.
[6]陈盼盼.基于DEM的山顶点及其属性空间分异规律研究[D].西安:西北大学,2006.
[7]江岭,汤国安,赵明伟,等.顾及地貌结构特征的黄土沟头提取及分析[J].地理研究,2013,32(11):2153-2162.
[8]尤海舟,贾成,樊华,等.格局分析的最新方法——点格局分析[J].四川林业科技,2009,30(6):106-110.
[9]张金屯.植物种群空间分布的点格局分析[J].植物生态学报,1998,22(4):344-349.
[10]李云强,齐伟,王丹,等.GIS支持下山区县域农村居民点分布特征研究——以栖霞市为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2011,27(3):73-77.
[11]叶娟娟,杨昕,熊礼阳,等.南京市老城区城市建筑点格局研究[J].地球信息科学学报,2015,17(11):1404-1411.
[12]闫庆武,卞正富.基于GIS-SDA的居民点空间分布研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2008,24(3):57-61.
[13]EBDON D.Statistics in Geography[M].Oxford:Basilt Blackwell,1985.
[14]RIPLEY B D.Modelling spatial patterns[J].Journal of the Royal Statistical Society,1977,39(2):172-212.
[15]HAASE P.Spatial pattern analysis in ecology based on Ripley′s K-function:Introduction and methods of edge correction[J].Journal of Vegetation Science,1995,6(4):575-582.
[16]WARD J S,FERRANDINO F J.New derivation reduces bias and increases power of Ripley′s Lindex[J].Ecological Modelling,1999,116(2):225-236.
[17]WIEGAND T,MOLONEY K A.Rings,circles,and null-models for point pattern analysis in ecology[J].Oikos,2004,104(2):209-229.
[18]WIEGAND T,MOLONEY K A.Handbook of Spatial Point Pattern Analysis in Ecology[M].Boca Raton:Crc Press,2013.
[19]TANG G,SONG X,LI F,et al.Slope spectrum critical area and its spatial variation in the Loess Plateau of China[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2015,25(12):1452-1466.