空区处理与残矿回采对围岩及地表影响的数值模拟分析
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摘要
为了提高矿山企业开采的生产效益及确保施工中设备人员的生命财产安全,采用现场声波测试试验与室内物理力学试验得出的力学参数,应用FLAC3D数值模拟软件,在空区顶板-矿柱体系简化为弹性矩形薄板-H-K体流变力学模型的基础上,分析空区处理与残矿回采对围岩及地表的影响规律。结果表明:矿区三中段充填回采过程中压应力最大值出现在Ⅲ-10开采之后,右帮壁形成了9. 8 MPa的压应力集中区;拉应力区域主要存在于充填体内,且大部分拉应力超过了充填体抗拉强度幅值0. 12 MPa;地表移动带范围内垂直方向位移保持在0～1 mm。实际施工中应采取加强充填体强度达0. 27 MPa以上或保留部分矿体支撑顶板等措施确保回采安全。
The present paper is aimed at making an analysis on how to improve the production efficiency of mining enterprises in exploitation and ensure the miners' human life security and working efficiency of the equipment installed in the process of the construction,on the condition for goaf progression and ore-residual extraction with the surrounding rock and soil surface. For the said purpose,we have gained a series of mechanical parameters from the field acoustic wave tests and the laboratory physical mechanical examinations.Furthermore,we have also managed to analyze and gain the effect of processing goaf and extracting ore-residual by simplifying the numerical simulation software FLAC3 Don the basis of the assumption that the goaf roof-pillar system can be taken as the elastic rectangular thin plate-H-K rheological mode. In addition,we have been successful in measuring the density of the residual ore and the surrounding rocks with the quantity product method. Besides,we have also finished the compression strength test by using the TAW-2000 instrument and that of the tensile strength with the Brazil splitting method. All the aforementioned examination and testing results demonstrate that the maximum compressive stress can be found through extracting Ⅲ-10 pillar in the process of rock-filling and extraction in the third sublevel of the mining field. At the same time,the compressive stress and the tensile stress in the third sublevel of mining area surrounding the rock-filling bodies should be produced by the compressive stress of the concentration zone,with the maximum compressive stress being worked out at about 9. 8 MPa over there. The tensile stress of the concentration zone mainly tends to appear in the filling body,with majority of the tensile stress,maybe,exceeding0. 12 MPa,which seems to be its ultimate tensile strength. Besides,the vertical displacement can be kept within the range of 0-1 mm in the surface displacement zone. In such a way of surface displacement,the damage wouldn't come to happen at the surface. Thus,in conclusion,corresponding measures can be made to ensure the safety in extracting the residual ore. It is necessary to increase the tensile strength of the filling body above to 0. 27 MPa or retain some pillar to support the roof to ensure the safety in extracting the residual ore.Hence,the given research results can be expected to provide valuable reference to the similar research projects.
The present paper is aimed at making an analysis on how to improve the production efficiency of mining enterprises in exploitation and ensure the miners' human life security and working efficiency of the equipment installed in the process of the construction,on the condition for goaf progression and ore-residual extraction with the surrounding rock and soil surface. For the said purpose,we have gained a series of mechanical parameters from the field acoustic wave tests and the laboratory physical mechanical examinations.Furthermore,we have also managed to analyze and gain the effect of processing goaf and extracting ore-residual by simplifying the numerical simulation software FLAC3 Don the basis of the assumption that the goaf roof-pillar system can be taken as the elastic rectangular thin plate-H-K rheological mode. In addition,we have been successful in measuring the density of the residual ore and the surrounding rocks with the quantity product method. Besides,we have also finished the compression strength test by using the TAW-2000 instrument and that of the tensile strength with the Brazil splitting method. All the aforementioned examination and testing results demonstrate that the maximum compressive stress can be found through extracting Ⅲ-10 pillar in the process of rock-filling and extraction in the third sublevel of the mining field. At the same time,the compressive stress and the tensile stress in the third sublevel of mining area surrounding the rock-filling bodies should be produced by the compressive stress of the concentration zone,with the maximum compressive stress being worked out at about 9. 8 MPa over there. The tensile stress of the concentration zone mainly tends to appear in the filling body,with majority of the tensile stress,maybe,exceeding0. 12 MPa,which seems to be its ultimate tensile strength. Besides,the vertical displacement can be kept within the range of 0-1 mm in the surface displacement zone. In such a way of surface displacement,the damage wouldn't come to happen at the surface. Thus,in conclusion,corresponding measures can be made to ensure the safety in extracting the residual ore. It is necessary to increase the tensile strength of the filling body above to 0. 27 MPa or retain some pillar to support the roof to ensure the safety in extracting the residual ore.Hence,the given research results can be expected to provide valuable reference to the similar research projects.
引文
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[3] CHANG Chunfeng(常春峰). Study on central belt road-way through goaf surrounding rock control support technol-ogy in Wuyang Mine[J]. Coal&Chemical Industry(煤炭与化工),2016,39(7):13-16.
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[6] SUN Qi(孙琦),WEI Xing(卫星),ZHANG Shukun(张淑坤),et al. A mechanical model for the roof-jamb creepdamage system in the goaf[J]. Journal of Safety and Envi-ronment(安全与环境学报),2015,15(3):120-123.
[7] LI Junping(李俊平),WANG Xiaoguang(王晓光),WANGHongxing(王红星),et al. Proposal for rational disposal ofthe abandoned-stope and relief of the mining pressure for alead-zinc mine[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2015,15(1):137-141.
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[9] WANG Jin'an(王金安),ZHAO Zhihong(赵志宏),HOU Zhiying(侯志鹰). Study on the catastrophic col-lapse of surface land induced by mining under a shallowand hard strata[J]. Journal of China Coal Society(煤炭学报),2007,32(10):1051-1056.
[10] FANG Yong(方勇),FU Yapeng(符亚鹏),ZHOUChaoyue(周超月),et al. Model test of highway tunnelconstruction under double-deck mined-out area[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(岩石力学与工程学报),2014,33(11):2247-2257.
[11] WANG Jiachen(王家臣),YANG Shengli(杨胜利),YANG Baogui(杨宝贵),et al. Simulation experimentof overlying strata movement features of longwall withgangue backfill mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Soci-ety(煤炭学报),2012,37(8):1256-1262.
[12] ZOU Youfeng(邹友峰),CHAI Huabin(柴华彬).Analysis of the stability of the gob roof rock beam underloads of building[J]. Journal of China Coal Society(煤炭学报),2014,39(8):1473-1477.
[13] FEI Honglu(费鸿禄),HU Gang(胡刚),ZHAO Yan-hai(赵雁海),et al. Stability research of overlying stra-ta and shaft at extraction of residual ores in shallow andlarge scale mined-out area[J]. Metal Mine(金属矿山),2015(8):28-33.
[14] YU Genbo(于跟波),YANG Peng(杨鹏),CHEN Zancheng(陈赞成). Study on surrounding rock stability of pillar ex-traction in thin gently inclined ore body[J]. Journal of Chi-na Coal Society(煤炭学报),2013,38(S2):294-298.
[15] WANG Jin'an(王金安),SHANG Xinchun(尚新春),LIU Hong(刘红),et al. Study on fracture mechanismand catastrophic collapse of strong roof strata above themined area[J]. Journal of China Coal Society(煤炭学报),2008,33(8):850-855.
[16] WANG Jin'an(王金安),LI Dazhong(李大钟),MAHaitao(马海涛). Study of rheological mechanical mod-el of pillar-roof system in mined-out area[J]. ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(岩石力学与工程学报),2010,29(3):577-582.
[17] FEI Honglu(费鸿禄),YANG Weifeng(杨卫风),ZHANG Guohui(张国辉). Numerical simulation on thestability of surrounding rock under the goaf of cementedtailings backfilling content[J]. Metal Mine(金属矿山),2012(7):19-22.
[2] LU Hongjian(卢宏建),LIANG Peng(梁鹏),GU Naim-an(顾乃满),et al. Stress evolution numerical simulationof goaf surrounding rock under repetitious excavation dis-turbance[J]. Conservation&Utilization of Mineral Re-sources(矿产保护与利用),2016(6):17-20.
[3] CHANG Chunfeng(常春峰). Study on central belt road-way through goaf surrounding rock control support technol-ogy in Wuyang Mine[J]. Coal&Chemical Industry(煤炭与化工),2016,39(7):13-16.
[4] FEI Honglu(费鸿禄),YANG Weifeng(杨卫风),ZHANG Guohui(张国辉),et al. Surrounding rock sta-bility of mined-out area under blast loading in metal minepillar robbing[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves(爆炸与冲击),2013,33(4):344-350.
[5] LI Junping(李俊平),ZHANG Hao(张浩),ZHANG Bai-chun(张柏春),et al. 3-D simulation analysis for the pil-lar and pressure relief effects in the empty field sharp-incli-ning mining structure[J]. Journal of Safety and Environ-ment(安全与环境学报),2018,18(1):101-106.
[6] SUN Qi(孙琦),WEI Xing(卫星),ZHANG Shukun(张淑坤),et al. A mechanical model for the roof-jamb creepdamage system in the goaf[J]. Journal of Safety and Envi-ronment(安全与环境学报),2015,15(3):120-123.
[7] LI Junping(李俊平),WANG Xiaoguang(王晓光),WANGHongxing(王红星),et al. Proposal for rational disposal ofthe abandoned-stope and relief of the mining pressure for alead-zinc mine[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2015,15(1):137-141.
[8] YAVUZ H. An estimation method for cover pressure re-es-tablishment distance and pressure distribution in the goaf oflongwall coal mines[J]. International Journal of Rock Me-chanics&Mining Sciences,2004,41(2):193-205.
[9] WANG Jin'an(王金安),ZHAO Zhihong(赵志宏),HOU Zhiying(侯志鹰). Study on the catastrophic col-lapse of surface land induced by mining under a shallowand hard strata[J]. Journal of China Coal Society(煤炭学报),2007,32(10):1051-1056.
[10] FANG Yong(方勇),FU Yapeng(符亚鹏),ZHOUChaoyue(周超月),et al. Model test of highway tunnelconstruction under double-deck mined-out area[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(岩石力学与工程学报),2014,33(11):2247-2257.
[11] WANG Jiachen(王家臣),YANG Shengli(杨胜利),YANG Baogui(杨宝贵),et al. Simulation experimentof overlying strata movement features of longwall withgangue backfill mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Soci-ety(煤炭学报),2012,37(8):1256-1262.
[12] ZOU Youfeng(邹友峰),CHAI Huabin(柴华彬).Analysis of the stability of the gob roof rock beam underloads of building[J]. Journal of China Coal Society(煤炭学报),2014,39(8):1473-1477.
[13] FEI Honglu(费鸿禄),HU Gang(胡刚),ZHAO Yan-hai(赵雁海),et al. Stability research of overlying stra-ta and shaft at extraction of residual ores in shallow andlarge scale mined-out area[J]. Metal Mine(金属矿山),2015(8):28-33.
[14] YU Genbo(于跟波),YANG Peng(杨鹏),CHEN Zancheng(陈赞成). Study on surrounding rock stability of pillar ex-traction in thin gently inclined ore body[J]. Journal of Chi-na Coal Society(煤炭学报),2013,38(S2):294-298.
[15] WANG Jin'an(王金安),SHANG Xinchun(尚新春),LIU Hong(刘红),et al. Study on fracture mechanismand catastrophic collapse of strong roof strata above themined area[J]. Journal of China Coal Society(煤炭学报),2008,33(8):850-855.
[16] WANG Jin'an(王金安),LI Dazhong(李大钟),MAHaitao(马海涛). Study of rheological mechanical mod-el of pillar-roof system in mined-out area[J]. ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(岩石力学与工程学报),2010,29(3):577-582.
[17] FEI Honglu(费鸿禄),YANG Weifeng(杨卫风),ZHANG Guohui(张国辉). Numerical simulation on thestability of surrounding rock under the goaf of cementedtailings backfilling content[J]. Metal Mine(金属矿山),2012(7):19-22.
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