振动式林果采收机的机械化试验研究
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摘要
为深入掌握振动式林果采收机的工作机理,最大限度发挥采收机的作业效率,根据我国林果采收特点及采收机工作机理,给出采收激振的理论模型,建立了林果采收机激振装置的三维物理模型,并针对其智能监控系统展开实地试验。试验结果表明:当激振频率控制在19~20Hz时,林果的平均采净率可达到88%以上,林果树枝损伤率可控制在60%~62%之间,可确定振动式采收机的最佳作业效率发挥范围;且振动式林果采收机的理论模型与实地试验误差控制在6%范围内,验证了此机械化试验的可行性,为高效利用振动式林果采收机提供了参考。
According to the characteristics of fruit harvesting machine in China and the working mechanism of the harvesting machine and for further mastery of vibrating fruit harvest machine work mechanism,to get the most out of harvesting machine efficiency,the theoretical model of the recovery excitation was given,the three-dimensional physical model of the excitation device of the fruit harvesting machine was set up,and the modal analysis was carried out,then intelligent monitoring system for the fruit harvesting machine was equipped with and the field test was carried out. The results showed that when the excitation frequency was controlled at 19-20 Hz,the average extraction rate of the fruit could reach more than 88%,the damage rate of the tree fruit branches could be controlled between 60%-62%,and the optimum operating efficiency range of the vibrator could be determined. The error between the theoretical model of vibration fruit harvesting machine and the field test control in the 6%,which verified the feasibility of the mechanical test,provided a reference for efficient use of vibrating fruit harvesting machine,at the same time it would provide similar optimization idea on the picking equipment.
According to the characteristics of fruit harvesting machine in China and the working mechanism of the harvesting machine and for further mastery of vibrating fruit harvest machine work mechanism,to get the most out of harvesting machine efficiency,the theoretical model of the recovery excitation was given,the three-dimensional physical model of the excitation device of the fruit harvesting machine was set up,and the modal analysis was carried out,then intelligent monitoring system for the fruit harvesting machine was equipped with and the field test was carried out. The results showed that when the excitation frequency was controlled at 19-20 Hz,the average extraction rate of the fruit could reach more than 88%,the damage rate of the tree fruit branches could be controlled between 60%-62%,and the optimum operating efficiency range of the vibrator could be determined. The error between the theoretical model of vibration fruit harvesting machine and the field test control in the 6%,which verified the feasibility of the mechanical test,provided a reference for efficient use of vibrating fruit harvesting machine,at the same time it would provide similar optimization idea on the picking equipment.
引文
[1]王长勤,许林云,周宏平,等.基于PLC和MCGS的偏心式林果振动采收机控制系统设计[J].农机化研究,2013,35(3):79-83.
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[12]吕梦璐,王春耀,罗建清,等.基于ANSYS对振动果树枝干“Y”型响应的研究[J].农机化研究,2017,39(2):37-41.
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[15]吕梦璐.基于ANSYS的果树振动规律的分析[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2016.
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[17]杜小强,李党伟,贺磊盈,等.基于电子果实技术的机械振动采收过程果实运动分析[J].农业工程学报,2017(17):58-64.
[18]张立勇,饶洪辉,罗时挺,等.基于ADAMS的油茶果采摘机械臂试验设计及优化[J].农机化研究,2017,39(11):158-163.
[19]胡迎春,庄锦芳,闫鑫,等.摇杆式桑叶采摘机拨枝与采摘时间的协调匹配分析[J].农机化研究,2016,37(3):144-148.
[20]杨永,曾祥坤.一种椰子抓取采摘机械手设计及其工作空间仿真分析[J].农机化研究,2015,37(5):132-135.
[2]付威,张志元,刘玉冬,等.振动激励下枣树力传递效果室内模拟试验[J].农业工程学报,2017(17):65-72.
[3]林乐鹏.面向林果振动采收的电子果实设计与研究[D].杭州:浙江理工大学,2016.
[4]汤智辉,孟祥金,沈从举,等.机械振动式林果采收机的设计与试验研究[J].农机化研究,2010,32(8):65-69.
[5]乔园园,牛长河,孟详金,等.牵引式林果振动采收机的设计与田间试验[J].新疆农业科学,2015(3):528-534.
[6]王长勤,许林云,周宏平.偏心式林果振动采收机的研制与试验[J].农业工程学报,2012(16):10-16.
[7]木合塔尔·米吉提,玛依努尔·托乎提,吾尔泥沙·吐尼牙孜.振动式林果采收机的机械化应用与试验研究[J].农机化研究,2018,40(5):105-110.
[8]梁建平,李昌珠,肖志红,等.基于ANSYS的小林果实采收机振动模态分析[J].农机化研究,2014,36(10):25-28.
[9]王冬,陈度,王书茂,等.基于有限元方法的整形果树振动收获机理分析[J].农业工程学报,2017(S1):56-62.
[10]王敏,曹肆林,何义川,等.机械振动式沙棘采收机的设计[J].农机化研究,2013,35(1):109-111.
[11]鲍玉冬.机械采收蓝莓振动特性及数值模拟研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2015.
[12]吕梦璐,王春耀,罗建清,等.基于ANSYS对振动果树枝干“Y”型响应的研究[J].农机化研究,2017,39(2):37-41.
[13]郑甲红,刘梦飞,路平.核桃采摘机的设计与试验研究[J].农机化研究,2014,36(8):169-173.
[14]王真真,坎杂,付威,等.树冠振动式核桃采收装置的设计与分析[J].农机化研究,2016,38(8):56-59.
[15]吕梦璐.基于ANSYS的果树振动规律的分析[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2016.
[16]吕洋,王黎明.蓝莓机械损伤试验的设计与试验研究[J].农机化研究,2018,40(12):199-202,211.
[17]杜小强,李党伟,贺磊盈,等.基于电子果实技术的机械振动采收过程果实运动分析[J].农业工程学报,2017(17):58-64.
[18]张立勇,饶洪辉,罗时挺,等.基于ADAMS的油茶果采摘机械臂试验设计及优化[J].农机化研究,2017,39(11):158-163.
[19]胡迎春,庄锦芳,闫鑫,等.摇杆式桑叶采摘机拨枝与采摘时间的协调匹配分析[J].农机化研究,2016,37(3):144-148.
[20]杨永,曾祥坤.一种椰子抓取采摘机械手设计及其工作空间仿真分析[J].农机化研究,2015,37(5):132-135.