基于小波包变换的爆破信号能量衰减特征研究
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摘要
爆破振动监测及分析是研究爆破振动危害控制的基础和前提。本文以小净距隧道掘进爆破为工程背景,运用Matlab对爆破振动信号进行5层小波包变换分解,求得各节点重构信号小波包频带能量,对爆破振动信号的频带能量分布特征进行研究,并对总能量进行回归分析,提出总能量的衰减方程。结果表明:爆破振动信号的能量主要集中在低频带(0~300 Hz);爆破振动能量越高,衰减越快,且在同一时刻能量表现出高频部分衰减快、低频部分衰减慢的特征;随着距离的增大,能量有向低频集中的趋势;能量衰减系数近似为峰值速度衰减系数的2倍;在距离爆心0~30 m范围内能量衰减极快,在30~53.5 m范围内能量衰减趋于平缓,超过53.5 m以后能量微乎其微。研究结果对进一步研究高速公路既有隧道的动力稳定性具有重要的意义。
Blasting vibration monitoring and analysis are the basis and premise of the research on the control of blasting vibration damage. Taking the blasting excavation of small spacing tunnel as the engineering background,Matlab was used to decompose the blasting vibration signals by 5 layers of wavelet packet transformation to obtain the wavelet packet frequency band energy of each node. The frequency band energy distribution characteristics of blasting vibration signal was studied,and the attenuation equation of total energy was proposed by regression analysis of total energy. The research shows that the energy of blasting vibration signal is mainly concentrated in the low frequency band( 0 ~ 300 Hz). The higher the blasting vibration energy is,the faster the attenuation is. At the same time,energy exhibits that high frequency part attenuates faster and the low frequency part attenuates slower. Energy has a tendency toward low frequency with the increase of distance. The energy attenuation coefficient is twice of the peak velocity attenuation coefficient. When the distance from explosion center is in the range 0 to 30 m,energy attenuates rapidly,and energy attenuation tends to be gentle in the range of 30~53. 5 m,while energy is almost zero after more than 53. 5 m. The research results have important significance for the further study on the dynamic stability of the existing highway tunnels.
Blasting vibration monitoring and analysis are the basis and premise of the research on the control of blasting vibration damage. Taking the blasting excavation of small spacing tunnel as the engineering background,Matlab was used to decompose the blasting vibration signals by 5 layers of wavelet packet transformation to obtain the wavelet packet frequency band energy of each node. The frequency band energy distribution characteristics of blasting vibration signal was studied,and the attenuation equation of total energy was proposed by regression analysis of total energy. The research shows that the energy of blasting vibration signal is mainly concentrated in the low frequency band( 0 ~ 300 Hz). The higher the blasting vibration energy is,the faster the attenuation is. At the same time,energy exhibits that high frequency part attenuates faster and the low frequency part attenuates slower. Energy has a tendency toward low frequency with the increase of distance. The energy attenuation coefficient is twice of the peak velocity attenuation coefficient. When the distance from explosion center is in the range 0 to 30 m,energy attenuates rapidly,and energy attenuation tends to be gentle in the range of 30~53. 5 m,while energy is almost zero after more than 53. 5 m. The research results have important significance for the further study on the dynamic stability of the existing highway tunnels.
引文
[1]谢全民,龙源,钟明寿,等.小波与分形组合分析技术在爆破振动信号分析中的应用[J].振动与冲击,2011,30(12):120-124.Xie Quanmin,Long Yuan,Zhong Mingshou,et al.Application of wavelet packet and fractal combination technology in blasting vibration signal analysis[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2011,30(12):120-124.
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[4]伍云霞,张宏.基于Curvelet变换的低分辨率煤岩识别方法[J].矿业科学学报,2017,2(3):281-288.Wu Yunxia,Zhang Hong.Recognition method of lowresolution coal-rock images based on curvelet transform[J].Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2017,2(3):281-288.
[5]凌同华,廖艳程,张胜.冲击荷载下岩石声发射信号能量特征的小波包分析[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(10):127-130.Ling Tonghua,Liao Yancheng,Zhang Sheng.Application of wavelet packet method in frequency band energy distribution of rock acoustice mission signals under impact loading[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(10):127-130.
[6]单仁亮,白瑶,宋永威,等.冻结立井模型爆破振动信号的小波包分析[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(8):1923-1932.Shan Renliang,Bai Yao,Song Yongwei,et al.Wavelet packet analysis of blast vibration signals of freezing shaft model[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(8):1923-1932.
[7]朱权洁,姜福兴,于正兴,等.爆破震动与岩石破裂微震信号能量分布特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(4):723-730.Zhu Quanjie,Jiang Fuxing,Yu Zhenxing,et al.Study on energy distribution characters about blasting vibration and rock fracture microseismic signal[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(4):723-730.
[8]蒋复量,周科平,邓红卫,等.基于小波理论的井下深孔爆破振动信号辨识与能量衰减规律分析[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(增2):396-400.Jiang Fuliang,Zhou Keping,Deng Hongwei,et al.The underground mine's deep-hole blasting vibration signals'identification and energy attenuation law's analysis based on wavelet theory[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(S2):396-400.
[9]李洪涛,卢文波,舒大强,等.爆破地震波的能量衰减规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增1):3364-3369.Li Hongtao,Lu Wenbo,Shu Daqiang,et al.Study of energy attenuation law of blast-induced seismic wave[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(S1):3364-3369.
[10]中国生,敖丽萍,赵奎.基于小波包能量谱爆炸参量对爆破振动信号能量分布的影响[J].爆炸与冲击,2009,29(3):300-305.Zhong Guosheng,Ao Liping,Zhao Kui.Influence of explosion parameters on energy distribution of blasting vibration signal based on wavelet packet energy spectrum[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2009,29(3):300-305.
[11]张耀平,曹平,高赛红,等.爆破振动信号的小波包分解及各频段的能量分布特征[J].金属矿山,2007,37(11):42-47.Zhang Yaoping,Cao Ping,Gao Saihong.Wavelet packet decomposition of blasting vibration signals and energy distribution characteristics of frequency bands[J].Metal Mine,2007,37(11):42-47.
[12]路亮,龙源,谢全民,等.爆破振动信号的提升小波包分解及能量分布特征[J].爆炸与冲击,2013,33(2):140-147.Lu Liang,Long Yuan,Xie Quanmin,et al.Decomposition and energy distribution of blasting vibration signal based on second generation wavelet packet[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013,33(2):140-147.
[13]刘爱文,俞言祥,付长华,等.50 t科学爆破振动的衰减特征及地形效应[J].爆炸与冲击,2010,30(1):21-26.Liu Aiwen,Yu Yanxiang,Fu Changhua,et al.Attenuation characteristics and topographic effect of a scientific explosion with 50 t explosive[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,30(1):21-26.
[14]王进强,胡乃联,姜福兴,等.微地震震源地震波能量的计算方法[J].北京科技大学学报,2013,35(6):703-708.Wang Jinqiang,Hu Nailian,Jiang Fuxing,et al.Calculation method for the seismic wave energy of microseismic hypocenters[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing.2013,35(6):703-708.
[15]李铮,朱瑞赓,胡再龙,等.爆炸地震波振速的特征系数与衰减指数的研究[J].爆炸与冲击,1986,6(3):31-39.Li Zheng,Zhu Ruigeng,Hu Zailong,et al.Study on the characteristic coefficient and attenuation index in the measurement of blasting seismic wave[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,1986,6(3):31-39.
[2]林大超,施惠基,白春华,等.基于小波变换的爆破振动时频特征分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(1):101-106.Lin Dachao,Shi Huiji,Bai Chunhua,et al.Timefrequency characteristic analysis of blasting vibration based on wavelet transform[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(1):101-106.
[3]中国生,徐国元,赵建平.基于小波变换的爆破地震信号阈值去噪的应用研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(9):1055-1059.Zhong Guosheng,Xu Guoyuan,Zhao Jianping.Study and application of threshold de-noising in seismic signals of blasting based on wavelet transform[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(9):1055-1059.
[4]伍云霞,张宏.基于Curvelet变换的低分辨率煤岩识别方法[J].矿业科学学报,2017,2(3):281-288.Wu Yunxia,Zhang Hong.Recognition method of lowresolution coal-rock images based on curvelet transform[J].Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2017,2(3):281-288.
[5]凌同华,廖艳程,张胜.冲击荷载下岩石声发射信号能量特征的小波包分析[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(10):127-130.Ling Tonghua,Liao Yancheng,Zhang Sheng.Application of wavelet packet method in frequency band energy distribution of rock acoustice mission signals under impact loading[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(10):127-130.
[6]单仁亮,白瑶,宋永威,等.冻结立井模型爆破振动信号的小波包分析[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(8):1923-1932.Shan Renliang,Bai Yao,Song Yongwei,et al.Wavelet packet analysis of blast vibration signals of freezing shaft model[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(8):1923-1932.
[7]朱权洁,姜福兴,于正兴,等.爆破震动与岩石破裂微震信号能量分布特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(4):723-730.Zhu Quanjie,Jiang Fuxing,Yu Zhenxing,et al.Study on energy distribution characters about blasting vibration and rock fracture microseismic signal[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(4):723-730.
[8]蒋复量,周科平,邓红卫,等.基于小波理论的井下深孔爆破振动信号辨识与能量衰减规律分析[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(增2):396-400.Jiang Fuliang,Zhou Keping,Deng Hongwei,et al.The underground mine's deep-hole blasting vibration signals'identification and energy attenuation law's analysis based on wavelet theory[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(S2):396-400.
[9]李洪涛,卢文波,舒大强,等.爆破地震波的能量衰减规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增1):3364-3369.Li Hongtao,Lu Wenbo,Shu Daqiang,et al.Study of energy attenuation law of blast-induced seismic wave[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(S1):3364-3369.
[10]中国生,敖丽萍,赵奎.基于小波包能量谱爆炸参量对爆破振动信号能量分布的影响[J].爆炸与冲击,2009,29(3):300-305.Zhong Guosheng,Ao Liping,Zhao Kui.Influence of explosion parameters on energy distribution of blasting vibration signal based on wavelet packet energy spectrum[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2009,29(3):300-305.
[11]张耀平,曹平,高赛红,等.爆破振动信号的小波包分解及各频段的能量分布特征[J].金属矿山,2007,37(11):42-47.Zhang Yaoping,Cao Ping,Gao Saihong.Wavelet packet decomposition of blasting vibration signals and energy distribution characteristics of frequency bands[J].Metal Mine,2007,37(11):42-47.
[12]路亮,龙源,谢全民,等.爆破振动信号的提升小波包分解及能量分布特征[J].爆炸与冲击,2013,33(2):140-147.Lu Liang,Long Yuan,Xie Quanmin,et al.Decomposition and energy distribution of blasting vibration signal based on second generation wavelet packet[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013,33(2):140-147.
[13]刘爱文,俞言祥,付长华,等.50 t科学爆破振动的衰减特征及地形效应[J].爆炸与冲击,2010,30(1):21-26.Liu Aiwen,Yu Yanxiang,Fu Changhua,et al.Attenuation characteristics and topographic effect of a scientific explosion with 50 t explosive[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,30(1):21-26.
[14]王进强,胡乃联,姜福兴,等.微地震震源地震波能量的计算方法[J].北京科技大学学报,2013,35(6):703-708.Wang Jinqiang,Hu Nailian,Jiang Fuxing,et al.Calculation method for the seismic wave energy of microseismic hypocenters[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing.2013,35(6):703-708.
[15]李铮,朱瑞赓,胡再龙,等.爆炸地震波振速的特征系数与衰减指数的研究[J].爆炸与冲击,1986,6(3):31-39.Li Zheng,Zhu Ruigeng,Hu Zailong,et al.Study on the characteristic coefficient and attenuation index in the measurement of blasting seismic wave[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,1986,6(3):31-39.