海上砂岩油藏爆燃压裂数值模拟技术研究
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摘要
由于海上油田完井方式的多样性,我国海上油田的爆燃压裂工艺设计主要依赖现场经验,缺乏一定的理论研究基础。在综合考虑油田施工现场和爆燃压裂相关理论的基础上,提出一套适应于海上油田的爆燃压裂数学模型,并采用一种显式离散结合多次迭代的半隐式方法对模型进行求解,编制计算软件。最后,通过海上已实施的两口爆燃压裂井的相关参数对模型的准确性进行验证。计算结果表明,LX3-1-A3井与LX3-2-B8井模拟计算结果与实际增产效果相对误差分别为3.4%和5.7%,证实了模型理论的准确性和可靠性。该模型为海上油田爆燃压裂技术提供了一定的理论基础,对指导海上油田的爆燃压裂设计施工具有重要意义。
The design of deflagration fracturing in China mainly depends on field experience and lacks a certain theoretical basis due to the complexity of completion methods in offshore oilfields.This paper takes full consideration of the oilfield conditions and the relevant theory of deflagration fracturing,and proposes a set of mathematical models for deflagration fracturing for offshore oilfield.A semi-implicit method combined with explicit discretization and multiple iterations is applied to solve the model,and make a numerical computing code.Finally,the accuracy of the model is verified by the relevant parameters of the two wells which have been fractured.The calculation results show that the relative errors between the simulation results and the actual production increase ratio about well LX3-1-A3 and LX3-2-B8 are only 3.4% and 5.7%,which confirms the accuracy and reliability of the model.This model not only provides a theoretical basis for deflagration fracturing technology in offshore oilfields,but also has a great significance in guiding the design and field process of deflagration fracturing in offshore oilfields.
The design of deflagration fracturing in China mainly depends on field experience and lacks a certain theoretical basis due to the complexity of completion methods in offshore oilfields.This paper takes full consideration of the oilfield conditions and the relevant theory of deflagration fracturing,and proposes a set of mathematical models for deflagration fracturing for offshore oilfield.A semi-implicit method combined with explicit discretization and multiple iterations is applied to solve the model,and make a numerical computing code.Finally,the accuracy of the model is verified by the relevant parameters of the two wells which have been fractured.The calculation results show that the relative errors between the simulation results and the actual production increase ratio about well LX3-1-A3 and LX3-2-B8 are only 3.4% and 5.7%,which confirms the accuracy and reliability of the model.This model not only provides a theoretical basis for deflagration fracturing technology in offshore oilfields,but also has a great significance in guiding the design and field process of deflagration fracturing in offshore oilfields.
引文
[1]CUDERMAN J F,CHU T Y,JUNG J,et al.High energy gas fracture experiments in fluid-filled boreholes-potential geothermal application[R].Albuquerque:Sandia National Laboratories,1986:21-24.
[2]HUNT W C,SHU W R,CORP MOBIL R&D.Controlled pulse fracturing for well stimulation[C]∥SPE.SPE Joint Rocky Mountain Regional/Low Permeability Reservoir Symposium and Exhibition.Denver,Colorado:SPE,1989:SPE-18972.
[3]孙林,杨万有,易飞,等.筛管完井爆燃压裂技术可行性研究[J].特种油气藏,2017,24(4):161-165.SUN Lin,YANG Wanyou,YI Fei,et al.Feasibility research on liner-completion deflagration fracturing technique[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2017,24(4):161-165.(in Chinese)
[4]JAIMES M G,CASTILLO R D,MENDOZA S A.High energy gas fracturing:a technique of hydraulic prefracturing to reduce the pressure losses by friction in the near wellbore-a colombian field application[C]∥SPE.SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference.Mexico City,Mexico:SPE,2012:SPE-152886.
[5]李传乐,王安仕,李文魁.国外油气井“层内爆炸”增产技术概述及分析[J].石油钻采工艺,2001,23(5):77-78.LI Chuanle,WANG Anshi,LI Wenkui.Summarization and analysis of production increase technology of"Interlayer Explosion"in foreign oil and gas wells[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2001,23(5):77-78.(in Chinese)
[6]尉雪梅,吴飞鹏,刘恒超,等.燃爆压裂井井周诱导应力分布规律[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2018,42(1):105-112.WEI Xuemei,WU Feipeng,LIU Hengchao,et al.Distribution of induced stress by high energy gas fracturing in wellbore[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum,2018,42(1):105-112.(in Chinese)
[7]吴飞鹏,徐尔斯,刘静,等.组合脉冲压裂加载过程耦合模拟及火药配比影响敏感性分析[J].爆炸与冲击,2018,38(3):683-687.WU Feipeng,XU Ersi,LIU Jing,et al.Coupled loading simulation for combined pulse fracturing and the sensitivity analysis of different propellant ratios[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2018,38(3):683-687.(in Chinese)
[8]李海波.油气层爆燃压裂裂缝条数计算模型研究与实验[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2011.LI Haibo.The research and experimental on the number of cracks calculation model of exploding fracturing in oil and gas reservoir[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2011.(in Chinese)
[9]吴飞鹏,蒲春生,陈德春.高能气体压裂载荷计算模型与合理药量确定方法[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(3):94-98.WU Feipeng,PU Chunsheng,CHEN Dechun.Load calculation model and determination method of reasonable charge for high-energy gas fracturing[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum,2011,35(3):94-98.(in Chinese)
[10]CUDERMAN J F.Tailored pulse fracturing in cased and perforated boreholes[C]∥SPE.Unconventional Gas Technology Symposium of the Society of Petroleum Engineers.Louisville,KY:SPE,1986:SPE-15253.
[11]孙灵安.高能气体压裂火药体系及爆燃特性研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2011.SUN Ling'an.Research on gunpowder system and deflagration characteristics of high-energy gas fracturing[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(EastChina),2011.(in Chinese)
[12]贺慧.油层强动载造缝动态模拟模型研究[D].北京:中国石油大学,2009.HE Hui.The research on dynamic simulation model of strong loads fracturing in oil reservoir[D].Beijing:China University of Petroleum,2009.(in Chinese)
[13]王安仕,秦发动.高能气体压裂技术[M].西安:西北大学出版社,1998:20-23.WANG Anshi,QIN Fadong.High energy gas fracturing technology[M].Xi'an:Northwest University Press,1998:20-23.(in Chinese)
[14]王爱华,李璗,赵峰洛.用高能气体压裂模型研究裂缝条数[J].断块油气田,2000,7(5):56-59.WANG Aihua,LI Dang,ZHAO Fengluo.The study of number of fractures using high energy gas fracturing model[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2000,7(5):56-59.(in Chinese)
[15]王香增.多级脉冲爆燃压裂破岩机理研究[J].石油矿场机械,2007,36(4):10-12.WANG Xiangzeng.Mechanism study of multistage pulse conflagration compression fracture[J].Oil Field Equipment,2007,36(4):10-12.(in Chinese)
[16]杨卫宇,赵光.高能气体压裂火药燃烧及射孔泄流规律的研究[J].西安石油学院学报,1992,7(2):1-6.YANG Weiyu,ZHAO Guang.The laws of propellant burning and fluid drainage through perforations during high energy gas fracturing[J].Journal of Xi'an Petroleum Institute,1992,7(2):1-6.(in Chinese)
[17]吴飞鹏,蒲春生,吴波.燃爆压裂中压挡液柱运动规律的动力学模型[J].爆炸与冲击,2010,30(6):633-641.WU Feipeng,PU Chunsheng,WU Bo.A dynamic model of the pressurized liquid column movement[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2010,30(6):633-641.(in Chinese)
[18]吴飞鹏,蒲春生,吴波.高能气体压裂中压挡液柱运动解析模型研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2009,31(3):82-89.WU Feipeng,PU Chunsheng,WU Bo.Study on kinematics model of medium pressure piezoresistive liquid column for high energy gas fracturing[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2009,31(3):82-89.(in Chinese)
[19]赵波,崔季平,樊菁.高温高压气体状态方程研究及钱学森方程改进[J].力学学报,2010,42(2):151-158.ZHAO Bo,CUI Jiping,FAN Jing.An improvement of TSIEN's equation of state in high-temperature and high-pressure gas[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2010,42(2):151-158.(in Chinese)
[20]尉立岗,张玄奇,张廷汉.高能气体压裂中井温的动态预测[J].石油钻采工艺,1994,16(4):79-83.WEI Ligang,ZHANG Xuanqi,ZHANG Tinghan.The dynamic predetermination of well temperature in high energy gas fracture[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,1994,16(4):79-83.(in Chinese)
[21]SAHARAM M R,MITRI H S.Numerical procedure for dynamic simulation of discrete fractures due to blasting[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2008,41(5):641-670.
[22]吴飞鹏,蒲春生,陈德春,等.多级脉冲爆燃压裂作用过程耦合模拟[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(5):605-611.WU Feipeng,PU Chunsheng,CHEN Dechun,et al.Coupling simulation of multistage pulse conflagration compression fracturing[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(5):605-611.(in Chinese)
[23]李文魁.井下封隔区间高能气体压裂的理论计算[J].西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),2000,15(3):11-13.LI Wenkui.Theoritical calculation of high energy gas fracturing(HEGF)within downhole closed interval[J].Journal of Xi'an Petroleum Institute(Natural Science Edition),2000,15(3):11-13.(in Chinese)
[24]姜玉山,徐延钦,王晓敏,等.数学物理方程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2014:89-90.JIANG Yushan,XU Yanqin,WANG Xiaomin,et al.Mathematical physics equation[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press.2014:89-90.(in Chinese)
[25]李庆扬,王能超,易大义.数值分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008:111-113.LI Qingyang,WANG Nengchao,YI Dayi.Numerical analysis[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2008:111-113.(in Chinese)
[2]HUNT W C,SHU W R,CORP MOBIL R&D.Controlled pulse fracturing for well stimulation[C]∥SPE.SPE Joint Rocky Mountain Regional/Low Permeability Reservoir Symposium and Exhibition.Denver,Colorado:SPE,1989:SPE-18972.
[3]孙林,杨万有,易飞,等.筛管完井爆燃压裂技术可行性研究[J].特种油气藏,2017,24(4):161-165.SUN Lin,YANG Wanyou,YI Fei,et al.Feasibility research on liner-completion deflagration fracturing technique[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2017,24(4):161-165.(in Chinese)
[4]JAIMES M G,CASTILLO R D,MENDOZA S A.High energy gas fracturing:a technique of hydraulic prefracturing to reduce the pressure losses by friction in the near wellbore-a colombian field application[C]∥SPE.SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference.Mexico City,Mexico:SPE,2012:SPE-152886.
[5]李传乐,王安仕,李文魁.国外油气井“层内爆炸”增产技术概述及分析[J].石油钻采工艺,2001,23(5):77-78.LI Chuanle,WANG Anshi,LI Wenkui.Summarization and analysis of production increase technology of"Interlayer Explosion"in foreign oil and gas wells[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2001,23(5):77-78.(in Chinese)
[6]尉雪梅,吴飞鹏,刘恒超,等.燃爆压裂井井周诱导应力分布规律[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2018,42(1):105-112.WEI Xuemei,WU Feipeng,LIU Hengchao,et al.Distribution of induced stress by high energy gas fracturing in wellbore[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum,2018,42(1):105-112.(in Chinese)
[7]吴飞鹏,徐尔斯,刘静,等.组合脉冲压裂加载过程耦合模拟及火药配比影响敏感性分析[J].爆炸与冲击,2018,38(3):683-687.WU Feipeng,XU Ersi,LIU Jing,et al.Coupled loading simulation for combined pulse fracturing and the sensitivity analysis of different propellant ratios[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2018,38(3):683-687.(in Chinese)
[8]李海波.油气层爆燃压裂裂缝条数计算模型研究与实验[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2011.LI Haibo.The research and experimental on the number of cracks calculation model of exploding fracturing in oil and gas reservoir[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2011.(in Chinese)
[9]吴飞鹏,蒲春生,陈德春.高能气体压裂载荷计算模型与合理药量确定方法[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,35(3):94-98.WU Feipeng,PU Chunsheng,CHEN Dechun.Load calculation model and determination method of reasonable charge for high-energy gas fracturing[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum,2011,35(3):94-98.(in Chinese)
[10]CUDERMAN J F.Tailored pulse fracturing in cased and perforated boreholes[C]∥SPE.Unconventional Gas Technology Symposium of the Society of Petroleum Engineers.Louisville,KY:SPE,1986:SPE-15253.
[11]孙灵安.高能气体压裂火药体系及爆燃特性研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2011.SUN Ling'an.Research on gunpowder system and deflagration characteristics of high-energy gas fracturing[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(EastChina),2011.(in Chinese)
[12]贺慧.油层强动载造缝动态模拟模型研究[D].北京:中国石油大学,2009.HE Hui.The research on dynamic simulation model of strong loads fracturing in oil reservoir[D].Beijing:China University of Petroleum,2009.(in Chinese)
[13]王安仕,秦发动.高能气体压裂技术[M].西安:西北大学出版社,1998:20-23.WANG Anshi,QIN Fadong.High energy gas fracturing technology[M].Xi'an:Northwest University Press,1998:20-23.(in Chinese)
[14]王爱华,李璗,赵峰洛.用高能气体压裂模型研究裂缝条数[J].断块油气田,2000,7(5):56-59.WANG Aihua,LI Dang,ZHAO Fengluo.The study of number of fractures using high energy gas fracturing model[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2000,7(5):56-59.(in Chinese)
[15]王香增.多级脉冲爆燃压裂破岩机理研究[J].石油矿场机械,2007,36(4):10-12.WANG Xiangzeng.Mechanism study of multistage pulse conflagration compression fracture[J].Oil Field Equipment,2007,36(4):10-12.(in Chinese)
[16]杨卫宇,赵光.高能气体压裂火药燃烧及射孔泄流规律的研究[J].西安石油学院学报,1992,7(2):1-6.YANG Weiyu,ZHAO Guang.The laws of propellant burning and fluid drainage through perforations during high energy gas fracturing[J].Journal of Xi'an Petroleum Institute,1992,7(2):1-6.(in Chinese)
[17]吴飞鹏,蒲春生,吴波.燃爆压裂中压挡液柱运动规律的动力学模型[J].爆炸与冲击,2010,30(6):633-641.WU Feipeng,PU Chunsheng,WU Bo.A dynamic model of the pressurized liquid column movement[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2010,30(6):633-641.(in Chinese)
[18]吴飞鹏,蒲春生,吴波.高能气体压裂中压挡液柱运动解析模型研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2009,31(3):82-89.WU Feipeng,PU Chunsheng,WU Bo.Study on kinematics model of medium pressure piezoresistive liquid column for high energy gas fracturing[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2009,31(3):82-89.(in Chinese)
[19]赵波,崔季平,樊菁.高温高压气体状态方程研究及钱学森方程改进[J].力学学报,2010,42(2):151-158.ZHAO Bo,CUI Jiping,FAN Jing.An improvement of TSIEN's equation of state in high-temperature and high-pressure gas[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2010,42(2):151-158.(in Chinese)
[20]尉立岗,张玄奇,张廷汉.高能气体压裂中井温的动态预测[J].石油钻采工艺,1994,16(4):79-83.WEI Ligang,ZHANG Xuanqi,ZHANG Tinghan.The dynamic predetermination of well temperature in high energy gas fracture[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,1994,16(4):79-83.(in Chinese)
[21]SAHARAM M R,MITRI H S.Numerical procedure for dynamic simulation of discrete fractures due to blasting[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2008,41(5):641-670.
[22]吴飞鹏,蒲春生,陈德春,等.多级脉冲爆燃压裂作用过程耦合模拟[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(5):605-611.WU Feipeng,PU Chunsheng,CHEN Dechun,et al.Coupling simulation of multistage pulse conflagration compression fracturing[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(5):605-611.(in Chinese)
[23]李文魁.井下封隔区间高能气体压裂的理论计算[J].西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),2000,15(3):11-13.LI Wenkui.Theoritical calculation of high energy gas fracturing(HEGF)within downhole closed interval[J].Journal of Xi'an Petroleum Institute(Natural Science Edition),2000,15(3):11-13.(in Chinese)
[24]姜玉山,徐延钦,王晓敏,等.数学物理方程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2014:89-90.JIANG Yushan,XU Yanqin,WANG Xiaomin,et al.Mathematical physics equation[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press.2014:89-90.(in Chinese)
[25]李庆扬,王能超,易大义.数值分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008:111-113.LI Qingyang,WANG Nengchao,YI Dayi.Numerical analysis[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2008:111-113.(in Chinese)